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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
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References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, thioredoxin

AbdelRaheim SR, McLennan AG. The Caenorhabditis elegans Y87G2A.14 Nudix hydrolase is a peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase. BMC Biochem. 3: 5 (2002).

Achebach S, Tran QH, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Mullner M, Holmgren A, Unden G. Stimulation of Fe-S cluster insertion into apoFNR by Escherichia coli glutaredoxins 1, 2 and 3 in vitro. FEBS Lett. 565: 203-206 (2004).

Agostino A, Hatch MD. A procedure for the purification of thioredoxin-m from leaves of the C4 plant Zea mays. Protein Expr. Purif. 4: 434-437 (1993).

Alkhalfioui F, Renard M, Frendo P, Keichinger C, Meyer Y, Gelhaye E, Hirasawa M, Knaff DB, Ritzenthaler C, Montrichard F. A novel type of thioredoxin dedicated to symbiosis in legumes. Plant Physiol. 148: 424-435 (2008).

Alkhalfioui F, Renard M, Vensel WH, Wong J, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Buchanan BB, Montrichard F. Thioredoxin-linked proteins are reduced during germination of Medicago truncatula seeds. Plant Physiol. 144: 1559-1579 (2007).

Antoine M, Gand A, Boschi-Muller S, Branlant G. Characterization of the amino-acids from Neisseria meningitidis MsrA involved in the chemical catalysis of the methionine sulfoxide reduction step. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 39062-39070 (2006).

Ashton AR, Trevanion SJ, Carr PD, Verger D, Ollis DL. Structural basis for the light regulation of chloroplast NADP malate dehydrogenase. Physiol. Plant. 110: 314-321 (2000).

Baier M, Dietz KJ. Chloroplasts as source and target of cellular redox regulation: a discussion on chloroplast redox signals in the context of plant physiology. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1449-1462 (2005).

Barranco-Medina S, Krell T, Bernier-Villamor L, Sevilla F, Lázaro JJ, Dietz KJ. Hexameric oligomerization of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin PrxIIF and formation of an ultrahigh affinity complex with its electron donor thioredoxin Trx-o. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 3259-3269 (2008).

Berendt U, Haverkamp T, Prior A, Schwenn JD. Reaction mechanism of thioredoxin: 3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 347-356 (1995).

Berggren M, Gallegos A, Gasdaska J, Powis G. Cellular thioredoxin reductase activity is regulated by selenium. Anticancer Res. 17: 3377-3380 (1997).

Bick JA, Aslund F, Chen Y, Leustek T. Glutaredoxin function for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 8404-8409 (1998).

Bick JA, Dennis JJ, Zylstra GJ, Nowack J, Leustek T. Identification of a new class of 5'-adenylylsulfate (APS) reductases from sulfate-assimilating bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 182: 135-142 (2000).

Broin M, Cuine S, Eymery F, Rey P. The plastidic 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin is a target for a thioredoxin involved in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against oxidative damage. Plant Cell 14: 1417-1432 (2002).

Broin M, Rey P. Potato plants lacking the CDSP32 plastidic thioredoxin exhibit overoxidation of the BAS1 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin and increased lipid peroxidation in thylakoids under photooxidative stress. Plant Physiol. 132: 1335-1343 (2003).

Buchanan BB, Balmer Y. Redox regulation: a broadening horizon. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56: 187-220 (2005).

Buchanan BB, Luan S. Redox regulation in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen: a new frontier in photosynthesis research. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1439-1447 (2005).

Bunik VI. 2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in redox regulation. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 1036-1042 (2003).

Bunik VI, Sievers C. Inactivation of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes upon generation of intrinsic radical species. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5004-5015 (2002).

Cain P, Hall M, Schröder WP, Kieselbach T, Robinson C. A novel extended family of stromal thioredoxins. Plant Mol. Biol. 70: 273-281 (2009).

Cazalis R, Pagano E, Gorge JL, Chueca A. Cloning and molecular features of cytosolic fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase from pea. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 157-163 (2001).

Cazalis R, Pulido P, Aussenac T, Perez-Ruiz JM, Cejudo FJ. Cloning and characterization of three thioredoxin h isoforms from wheat showing differential expression in seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2165-2172 (2006).

Cha MK, Choi YS, Hong SK, Kim WC, No KT, Kim IH. Nuclear thiol peroxidase as a functional alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase necessary for stationary phase growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 24636-24643 (2003).

Cha MK, Kim HK, Kim IH. Thioredoxin-linked "thiol peroxidase" from periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28635-28641 (1995).

Cheong NE, Choi YO, Lee KO, Kim WY, Jung BG, Chi YH, Jeong JS, Kim K, Cho MJ, Lee SY. Molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization of a 2Cys-peroxiredoxin in Chinese cabbage. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 825-834 (1999).

Chi YH, Moon JC, Park JH, Kim HS, Zulfugarov IS, Fanata WI, Jang HH, Lee JR, Lee YM, Kim ST, Chung YY, Lim CO, Kim JY, Yun DJ, Lee CH, Lee KO, Lee SY. Abnormal chloroplast development and growth inhibition in Oryza sativa thioredoxin m knock-down plants. Plant Physiol. 148: 808-817 (2008).

Choi YO, Cheong NE, Lee KO, Jung BG, Hong CH, Jeong JH, Chi YH, Kim K, Cho MJ, Lee SY. Cloning and expression of a new isotype of the peroxiredoxin gene of Chinese cabbage and its comparison to 2Cys-peroxiredoxin isolated from the same plant. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 258: 768-771 (1999).

Collin V, Lamkemeyer P, Miginiac-Maslow M, Hirasawa M, Knaff DB, Dietz KJ, Issakidis-Bourguet E. Characterization of plastidial thioredoxins from Arabidopsis belonging to the new y-type. Plant Physiol. 136: 4088-4095 (2004).

Cussiol JR, Alves SV, de Oliveira MA, Netto LE. Organic hydroperoxide resistance gene encodes a thiol-dependent peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 11570-11578 (2003).

Dangoor I, Peled-Zehavi H, Levitan A, Pasand O, Danon A. A small family of chloroplast atypical thioredoxins. Plant Physiol. 149: 1240-1250 (2009).

Delumeau O, Renard M, Montrichard F. Characterization and possible redox regulation of the purified calmodulin-dependent NAD+ kinase from Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1267-1273 (2000).

Dietz KJ. Plant peroxiredoxins. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54: 93-107 (2003).

Dietz KJ, Jacob S, Oelze ML, Laxa M, Tognetti V, de Miranda SM, Baier M, Finkemeier I. The function of peroxiredoxins in plant organelle redox metabolism. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1697-1709 (2006).

Dietz KJ, Scheibe R. Redox regulation: an introduction. Physiol. Plant. 120: 1-3 (2004).

Eckardt NA. Ferredoxin-thioredoxin system plays a key role in plant response to oxidative stress. Plant Cell 18: 1782 (2006).

Entus R, Poling M, Herrmann KM. Redox regulation of Arabidopsis 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 129: 1866-1871 (2002).

Ferreira S, Hjerno K, Larsen M, Wingsle G, Larsen P, Fey S, Roepstorff P, Salome Pais M. Proteome profiling of Populus euphratica Oliv. upon heat stress. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 98: 361-377 (2006).

Finkemeier I, Goodman M, Lamkemeyer P, Kandlbinder A, Sweetlove LJ, Dietz KJ. The mitochondrial type II peroxiredoxin F is essential for redox homeostasis and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under stress. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 12168-12180 (2005).

Fobert PR, Despres C. Redox control of systemic acquired resistance. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 8: 378-382 (2005).

Gaber A, Yoshimura K, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Nakano Y, Shigeoka S. Induction and functional analysis of two reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent glutathione peroxidase-like proteins in Synechocystis PCC 6803 during the progression of oxidative stress. Plant Physiol. 136: 2855-2861 (2004).

Ganther H, Ip C. Thioredoxin reductase activity in rat liver is not affected by supranutritional levels of monomethylated selenium in vivo and is inhibited only by high levels of selenium in vitro. J. Nutr. 131: 301-304 (2001).

Gee R, Goyal A, Byerrum RU, Tolbert NE. Two isoforms of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase from the chloroplasts of Dunaliella tertiolecta. Plant Physiol. 103: 243-249 (1993).

Geigenberger P, Kolbe A, Tiessen A. Redox regulation of carbon storage and partitioning in response to light and sugars. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1469-1479 (2005).

Gelhaye E, Rouhier N, Gerard J, Jolivet Y, Gualberto J, Navrot N, Ohlsson PI, Wingsle G, Hirasawa M, Knaff DB, Wang H, Dizengremel P, Meyer Y, Jacquot JP. A specific form of thioredoxin h occurs in plant mitochondria and regulates the alternative oxidase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 14545–14550 (2004).

Gerhardt S, Echt S, Busch M, Freigang J, Auerbach G, Bader G, Martin WF, Bacher A, Huber R, Fischer M. Structure and properties of an engineered transketolase from maize. Plant Physiol. 132: 1941-1949 (2003).

Girardini J, Amirante A, Zemzoumi K, Serra E. Characterization of an omega-class glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma mansoni with glutaredoxin-like dehydroascorbate reductase and thiol transferase activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5512-5521 (2002).

Gleason FK, Holmgren A. Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 4: 271-297 (1988).

Gomez Ia, Merchan F, Fernandez E, Quesada A. NADP-malate dehydrogenase from Chlamydomonas: prediction of new structural determinants for redox regulation by homology modelling. Plant Mol. Biol. 48: 211-221 (2002).

Goyer A, Haslekas C, Miginiac-Maslow M, Klein U, Le Marechal P, Jacquot JP, Decottignies P. Isolation and characterization of a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 272-282 (2002).

Gutierrez-Marcos JF, Roberts MA, Campbell EI, Wray JL. Three members of a novel small gene-family from Arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an Escherichia coli mutant defective in PAPS reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and "APS reductase" activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 13377-13382 (1996).

Haberlein I, Wurfel M, Follmann H. Non-redox protein interactions in the thioredoxin activation of chloroplast enzymes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1121: 293-296 (1992).

Hariharan T, Johnson PJ, Cattolico RA. Purification and characterization of phosphoribulokinase from the marine chromophytic alga Heterosigma carterae. Plant Physiol. 117: 321-329 (1998).

Hatch MD, Agostino A. Bilevel disulfide group reduction in the activation of C4 leaf nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate dehydrogenase. Plant Physiol. 100: 360-366 (1992).

Haverkamp T, Schwenn JD. Structure and function of a cysBJIH gene cluster in the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Microbiology 145: 115-125 (1999).

Herbette S, Lenne C, Leblanc N, Julien JL, Drevet JR, Roeckel-Drevet P. Two GPX-like proteins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helianthus annuus are antioxidant enzymes with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2414-2420 (2002).

Hisabori T, Hara S, Fujii T, Yamazaki D, Hosoya-Matsuda N, Motohashi K. Thioredoxin affinity chromatography: a useful method for further understanding the thioredoxin network. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1463-1468 (2005).

Hishiya S, Hatakeyama W, Mizota Y, Hosoya-Matsuda N, Motohashi K, Ikeuchi M, Hisabori T. Binary reducing equivalent pathways using NADPH-thioredoxin reductase and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 11-18 (2008).

Holmgren A. Thioredoxin: structure and function. Trends Biochem. Sci. 6: 26-29 (1981).

Horling F, Lamkemeyer P, Konig J, Finkemeier I, Kandlbinder A, Baier M, Dietz KJ. Divergent light-, ascorbate-, and oxidative stress-dependent regulation of expression of the peroxiredoxin gene family in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 317-325 (2003).

Houston NL, Fan C, Xiang JQ, Schulze JM, Jung R, Boston RS. Phylogenetic analyses identify 10 classes of the protein disulfide isomerase family in plants, including single-domain protein disulfide isomerase-related proteins. Plant Physiol. 137: 762-778 (2005).

Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Hou WC, Chen TE, Hsu WY, Lin YH. Expression and function of a cysteine proteinase cDNA from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam 'Tainong 57') storage roots. Plant Sci. 169: 423-431 (2005).

Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Lin YH. Isolation and expression of protein disulfide isomerase cDNA from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam 'Tainong 57') storage roots. Plant Sci. 169: 776-784 (2005).

Huang KX, Huang QL, Wildung MR, Croteau R, Scott AI. Overproduction, in Escherichia coli, of soluble taxadiene synthase, a key enzyme in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. Protein Expr. Purif. 13: 90-96 (1998).

Imsande J. Iron-sulfur clusters: Formation, perturbation, and physiological functions. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 37: 87-97 (1999).

Ishiwatari Y, Honda C, Kawashima I, Nakamura S, Hirano H, Mori S, Fujiwara T, Hayashi H, Chino M. Thioredoxin h is one of the major proteins in rice phloem sap. Planta 195: 456-463 (1995).

Jacquot JP, Rivera-Madrid R, Marinho P, Kollarova M, Le Marechal P, Miginiac-Maslow M, Meyer Y. Arabidopsis thaliana NAPHP thioredoxin reductase. cDNA characterization and expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 235: 1357-1363 (1994).

Jeon SJ, Ishikawa K. Identification and characterization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Aeropyrum pernix K1. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5423-5430 (2002).

Jin J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Bartlam M, Guo Q, Liu Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Ye S, Li G, Rao Z, Qiang B, Yuan J. Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of a human thioredoxin-like protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2060-2068 (2002).

Kim YB, Garbisu C, Pickering IJ, Prince RC, George GN, Cho MJ, Wong JH, Buchanan BB. Thioredoxin h overexpressed in barley seeds enhances selenite resistance and uptake during germination and early seedling development. Planta 218: 186-191 (2003).

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Krone FA, Westphal G, Meyer HE, Schwenn JD. PAPS-reductase of Escherichia coli. Correlating the N-terminal amino acid sequence with the DNA of gene cys H. FEBS Lett. 260: 6-9 (1990).

Krone FA, Westphal G, Schwenn JD. Characterisation of the gene cysH and of its product phospho-adenylylsulphate reductase from Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225: 314-319 (1991).

Kwon SJ, Park JW, Choi WK, Kim IH, Kim K. Inhibition of metal-catalyzed oxidation systems by a yeast protector protein in the presence of thioredoxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201: 8-15 (1994).

Lacourt I, Duplessis S, Abba S, Bonfante P, Martin F. Isolation and characterization of differentially expressed genes in the mycelium and fruit body of Tuber borchii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 4574-4582 (2002).

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Lamkemeyer P, Laxa M, Collin V, Li W, Finkemeier I, Schottler MA, Holtkamp V, Tognetti VB, Issakidis-Bourguet E, Kandlbinder A, Weis E, Miginiac-Maslow M, Dietz KJ. Peroxiredoxin Q of Arabidopsis thaliana is attached to the thylakoids and functions in context of photosynthesis. Plant J. 45: 968-981 (2006).

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Lee MY, Shin KH, Kim YK, Suh JY, Gu YY, Kim MR, Hur YS, Son O, Kim JS, Song E, Lee MS, Nam KH, Hwang KH, Sung MK, Kim HJ, Chun JY, Park M, Ahn TI, Hong CB, Lee SH, Park HJ, Park JS, Verma DP, Cheon CI. Induction of thioredoxin is required for nodule development to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots. Plant Physiol. 139: 1881-1889 (2005).

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Michelet L, Zaffagnini M, Marchand C, Collin V, Decottignies P, Tsan P, Lancelin JM, Trost P, Miginiac-Maslow M, Noctor G, Lemaire SD. Glutathionylation of chloroplast thioredoxin f is a redox signaling mechanism in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 16478-16483 (2005).

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Motohashi K, Kondoh A, Stumpp MT, Hisabori T. Comprehensive survey of proteins targeted by chloroplast thioredoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 11224-11229 (2001).

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