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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, transsulfuration

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Belew MS, Quazi FI, Willmore WG, Aitken SM. Kinetic characterization of recombinant human cystathionine beta-synthase purified from E. coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 64: 139-145 (2009).

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Chang Z, Vining LC. Biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230: roles for cystathionine beta-synthase and transsulfuration. Microbiology 148: 2135-2147 (2002).

Cherest H, Surdin-Kerjan Y. Genetic analysis of a new mutation conferring cysteine auxotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: updating of the sulfur metabolism pathway. Genetics 130: 51-58 (1992).

Cherest H, Thomas D, Surdin-Kerjan Y. Cysteine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs through the transsulfuration pathway which has been built up by enzyme recruitment. J. Bacteriol. 175: 5366-5374 (1993).

Chiku T, Padovani D, Zhu W, Singh S, Vitvitsky V, Banerjee R. H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 11601-11612 (2009).

Dang AQ, Cook DE. The transsulfuration pathway in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 496: 264-271 (1977).

Droux M, Ravanel S, Douce R. Methionine biosynthesis in higher plants. II. Purification and characterization of cystathionine beta-lyase from spinach chloroplasts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316: 585-595 (1995).

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Giovanelli J, Mudd SH, Datko AH. Homocysteine biosynthesis in green plants. Physiological importance of the transsulfuration pathway in Chlorella sorokiniana growing under steady state conditions with limiting sulfate. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 5665-5677 (1978).

Halaseh A, Nigam SN, McConnell WB. Biosynthesis and metabolism of cystathionine in Astragalus pectinatus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 496: 272-277 (1977).

Hunter TC, Mehra RK. A role for HEM2 in cadmium tolerance. J. Inorg. Biochem. 69: 293-303 (1998).

Hwang BJ, Kim Y, Kim HB, Hwang HJ, Kim JH, Lee HS. Analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum methionine biosynthetic pathway: isolation and analysis of metB encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase. Mol. Cells 9: 300-308 (1999).

Hwang BJ, Yeom HJ, Kim Y, Lee HS. Corynebacterium glutamicum utilizes both transsulfuration and direct sulfhydrylation pathways for methionine biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1277-1286 (2002).

James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, Janak L, Gaylor DW, Neubrander JA. Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80: 1611-1617 (2004).

Janosik M, Kery V, Gaustadnes M, Maclean KN, Kraus JP. Regulation of human cystathionine beta-synthase by S-adenosyl-L-methionine: evidence for two catalytically active conformations involving an autoinhibitory domain in the C-terminal region. Biochemistry 40: 10625-10633 (2001).

Janosikova B, Pavlikova M, Kocmanova D, Vitova A, Vesela K, Krupkova L, Kahleova R, Krijt J, Kraml P, Hyanek J, Zvarova J, Andel M, Kozich V. Genetic variants of homocysteine metabolizing enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease. Mol. Genet. Metab. 79: 167-175 (2003).

Jung YS, Kim SJ, Kwon do Y, Kim YC. Comparison of the effects of buthioninesulfoximine and phorone on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in rat liver. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 368: 913-918 (2008).

Jung YS, Kwak HE, Choi KH, Kim YC. Effect of acute ethanol administration on S-amino acid metabolism: increased utilization of cysteine for synthesis of taurine rather than glutathione. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 526: 245-252 (2003).

Kim SK, Kim YC. Effects of betaine supplementation on hepatic metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in mice. J. Hepatol. 42: 907-913 (2005).

Kinoshita A, Nakayama Y, Tomita M. Towards simulation of whole metabolic pathways in human erythrocyte. Genome Informatics 12: 312-313 (2001).

Korendyaseva TK, Kuvatov DN, Volkov VA, Martinov MV, Vitvitsky VM, Banerjee R, Ataullakhanov FI. An allosteric mechanism for switching between parallel tracks in mammalian sulfur metabolism. PLoS Comput. Biol. 4: e1000076 (2008).

Lu SC. S-Adenosylmethionine. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 32: 391-395 (2000).

Maclean KN, Janosik M, Kraus E, Kozich V, Allen RH, Raab BK, Kraus JP. Cystathionine beta-synthase is coordinately regulated with proliferation through a redox-sensitive mechanism in cultured human cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Physiol. 192: 81-92 (2002).

Maclean KN, Janosik M, Oliveriusova J, Kery V, Kraus JP. Transsulfuration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not dependent on heme: purification and characterization of recombinant yeast cystathionine beta-synthase. J. Inorg. Biochem. 81: 161-171 (2000).

Macnicol PK, Datko AH, Giovanelli J, Mudd SH. Homocysteine biosynthesis in green plants - physiological importance of the transsulfuration pathway in Lemna paucicostata. Plant Physiol. 68: 619-625 (1981).

Malakar D, Dey A, Basu A, Ghosh AK. Antiapoptotic role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine against hydrochloric acid induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1780: 937-947 (2008).

Martinez M, Cuskelly GJ, Williamson J, Toth JP, Gregory JF. Vitamin B-6 deficiency in rats reduces hepatic serine hydroxymethyltransferase and cystathionine beta-synthase activities and rates of in vivo protein turnover, homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration. J. Nutr. 130: 1115-1123 (2000).

Martínez-Lopez N, Varela-Rey M, Ariz U, Embade N, Vazquez-Chantada M, Fernandez-Ramos D, Gomez-Santos L, Lu SC, Mato JM, Martinez-Chantar ML. S-Adenosylmethionine and proliferation: new pathways, new targets. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 36: 848-852 (2008).

Meier M, Janosik M, Kery V, Kraus JP, Burkhard P. Structure of human cystathionine beta-synthase: a unique pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent heme protein. EMBO J. 20: 3910-3916 (2001).

Mosharov E, Cranford MR, Banerjee R. The quantitatively important relationship between homocysteine metabolism and glutathione synthesis by the transsulfuration pathway and its regulation by redox changes. Biochemistry 39: 13005-13011 (2000).

Nagahara N, Katayama A. Post-translational regulation of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase via a low redox potential cysteine-sulfenate in the maintenance of redox homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 34569-34576 (2005).

O'Reilly BA. Evidence for a possible defect in transsulfuration or sulfur metabolism in autism. Am. J. Med. Genet. 74: 571-571 (1997).

Pavillard V, Drbal AAA, Swaine DJ, Phillips RM, Double JA, Nicolaou A. Analysis of cell-cycle kinetics and sulfur amino acid metabolism in methionine-dependent tumor cell lines; the effect of homocysteine supplementation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 67: 1587-1599 (2004).

Quazi F, Aitken SM. Characterization of the S289A,D mutants of yeast cystathionine beta-synthase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1794: 892-897 (2009).

Ratnam S, Wijekoon EP, Hall B, Garrow TA, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. Effects of diabetes and insulin on betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase expression in rat liver. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290: E933-E939 (2006).

Ravanel S. Methionine biosynthesis in higher plants: biochemical and molecular characterization of the transsulfuration pathway enzymes. C. R. Acad. Sci. IIII 320: 497-504 (1997).

Ravanel S, Droux M, Douce R. Methionine biosynthesis in higher plants. I. Purification and characterization of cystathionine gamma-synthase from spinach chloroplasts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316: 572-584 (1995).

Rowling MJ, McMullen MH, Schalinske KL. Vitamin A and its derivatives induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and hypomethylation of DNA in rats. J. Nutr. 132: 365-369 (2002).

Schwahn BC, Wendel U, Lussier-Cacan S, Mar MH, Zeisel SH, Leclerc D, Castro C, Garrow TA, Rozen R. Effects of betaine in a murine model of mild cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency. Metabolism 53: 594-599 (2004).

Selhub J. Public health significance of elevated homocysteine. Food Nutr. Bull. 29: S116-S125 (2008).

Selhub J. Homocysteine metabolism. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 19: 217-246 (1999).

Selhub J, Miller JW. The pathogenesis of homocysteinemia: interruption of the coordinate regulation by S-adenosylmethionine of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55: 131-138 (1992).

Sienko M, Natorff R, Owczarek S, Olewiecki I, Paszewski A. Aspergillus nidulans genes encoding reverse transsulfuration enzymes belong to homocysteine regulon. Curr. Genet. Aug 15 [Epub ahead of print] (2009).

Stam F, van Guldener C, ter Wee PM, Kulik W, Smith DE, Jakobs C, Stehouwer CD, de Meer K. Homocysteine clearance and methylation flux rates in health and end-stage renal disease: association with S-adenosylhomocysteine. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 287: F215-F223 (2004).

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Stipanuk MH. Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 24: 539-577 (2004).

Taoka S, West M, Banerjee R. Characterization of the heme and pyridoxal phosphate cofactors of human cystathionine beta-synthase reveals nonequivalent active sites. Biochemistry 38: 2738-2744 (1999).

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Tsai MY, Yang F, Bignell M, Aras O, Hanson NQ. Relation between plasma homocysteine concentration, the 844ins68 variant of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene, and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentration. Mol. Genet. Metab. 67: 352-356 (1999).

Uthus EO, Brown-Borg HM. Methionine flux to transsulfuration is enhanced in the long living Ames dwarf mouse. Mech. Ageing Dev. 127: 444-450 (2006).

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Wijekoon EP, Hall B, Ratnam S, Brosnan ME, Zeisel SH, Brosnan JT. Homocysteine metabolism in ZDF (type 2) diabetic rats. Diabetes 54: 3245-3251 (2005).

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Zhu W, Lin A, Banerjee R. Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Biochemistry 47: 6226-6232 (2008).

Number of references = 65

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