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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, shikimate

Abd El-Mawla AM, Schmidt W, Beerhues L. Cinnamic acid is a precursor of benzoic acids in cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum L. but not in cell cultures of Centaurium erythraea RAFN. Planta 212: 288-293 (2001).

Ahn HJ, Yoon HJ, Lee B 2nd, Suh SW. Crystal structure of chorismate synthase: a novel FMN-binding protein fold and functional insights. J. Mol. Biol. 336: 903-915 (2004).

Baerson SR, Rodriguez DJ, Tran M, Feng Y, Biest NA, Dill GM. Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass. Identification of a mutation in the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 129: 1265-1275 (2002).

Balasubramanian S, Coggins JR, Abell C. Observation of a secondary tritium isotope effect in the chorismate synthase reaction. Biochemistry 34: 341-348 (1995).

Banerji S, Lugli EB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE. Analysis of genetic diversity at the arom locus in isolates of Pneumocystis carinii. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 42: 675-679 (1995).

Batz O, Logemann E, Reinold S, Hahlbrock K. Extensive reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism by fungal elicitor or infection in parsley cells. Biol. Chem. 379: 1127-1135 (1998).

Bendt AK, Burkovski A, Schaffer S, Bott M, Farwick M, Hermann T. Towards a phosphoproteome map of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Proteomics 3: 1637-1646 (2003).

Bereswill S, Fassbinder F, Volzing C, Haas R, Reuter K, Ficner R, Kist M. Cloning and functional characterization of the genes encoding 3-dehydroquinate synthase (aroB) and tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) from Helicobacter pylori. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) 186: 125-134 (1997).

Berry A, Ahmad S, Liss A, Jensen RA. Enzymological features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis reflect the phylogeny of mycoplasmas. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 2147-2154 (1987).

Bischoff M, Schaller A, Bieri F, Kessler F, Amrhein N, Schmid J. Molecular characterization of tomato 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase-shikimate:NADP oxidoreductase. Plant Physiol. 125: 1891-1900 (2001).

Bonner CA, Jensen RA. Cloning of cDNA encoding the bifunctional dehydroquinase.shikimate dehydrogenase of aromatic-amino-acid biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. Biochem. J. 302: 11-14 (1994).

Bornemann S, Lowe DJ, Thorneley RN. The transient kinetics of Escherichia coli chorismate synthase: substrate consumption, product formation, phosphate dissociation, and characterization of a flavin intermediate. Biochemistry 35: 9907-9916 (1996).

Bornemann S, Ramjee MK, Balasubramanian S, Abell C, Coggins JR, Lowe DJ, Thorneley RN. Escherichia coli chorismate synthase catalyzes the conversion of (6S)-6-fluoro-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate to 6-fluorochorismate. Implications for the enzyme mechanism and the antimicrobial action of (6S)-6-fluoroshikimate. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 22811-22815 (1995).

Bottomley JR, Clayton CL, Chalk PA, Kleanthous C. Cloning, sequencing, expression, purification and preliminary characterization of a type II dehydroquinase from Helicobacter pylori. Biochem. J. 319: 559-565 (1996).

Bouarab K, Adas F, Gaquerel E, Kloareg B, Salaun JP, Potin P. The innate immunity of a marine red alga involves oxylipins from both the eicosanoid and octadecanoid pathways. Plant Physiol. 135: 1838-1848 (2004).

Braun M, Henstrand JM, Gorlach J, Amrhein N, Schmid J. Enzymatic properties of chorismate synthase isozymes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Planta 200: 64-70 (1996).

Bum Kim H, Smith CP, Micklefield J, Mavituna F. Metabolic flux analysis for calcium dependent antibiotic (CDA) production in Streptomyces coelicolor. Metab. Eng. 6: 313-325 (2004).

Byng GS, Whitaker RJ, Shapiro CL, Jensen RA. The aromatic amino acid pathway branches at L-arogenate in Euglena gracilis. Mol. Cell Biol. 1: 426-438 (1981).

Cabane M, Pireaux JC, Leger E, Weber E, Dizengremel P, Pollet B, Lapierre C. Condensed lignins are synthesized in poplar leaves exposed to ozone. Plant Physiol. 134: 586-594 (2004).

Cerasoli E, Kelly SM, Coggins JR, Boam DJ, Clarke DT, Price NC. The refolding of type II shikimate kinase from Erwinia chrysanthemi after denaturation in urea. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2124-2132 (2002).

Chen F, Srinivasa Reddy MS, Temple S, Jackson L, Shadle G, Dixon RA. Multi-site genetic modulation of monolignol biosynthesis suggests new routes for formation of syringyl lignin and wall-bound ferulic acid in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant J. 48: 113-124 (2006).

Chen LM, Li KZ, Miwa T, Izui K. Overexpression of a cyanobacterial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase with diminished sensitivity to feedback inhibition in Arabidopsis changes amino acid metabolism. Planta 219: 440-449 (2004).

Christensen AM, Schaefer J. Solid-state NMR determination of intra- and intermolecular 31P-13C distances for shikimate 3-phosphate and [1-13C]glyphosate bound to enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Biochemistry 32: 2868-2873 (1993).

Coleman HD, Park JY, Nair R, Chapple C, Mansfield SD. RNAi-mediated suppression of p-coumaroyl-CoA 3'-hydroxylase in hybrid poplar impacts lignin deposition and soluble secondary metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 4501-4506 (2008).

Connelly JA, Conn EE. Tyrosine biosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor: isolation and regulatory properties of arogenate dehydrogenase. Z. Naturforsch. [C] 41: 69-78 (1986).

Dalla Chiesa M, Mayes SR, Maskell DJ, Nixon PJ, Barber J. An aroA homologue from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Gene 144: 145-146 (1994).

Daniell H, Datta R, Varma S, Gray S, Lee SB. Containment of herbicide resistance through genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome. Nat. Biotechnol. 16: 345-348 (1998).

Deka RK, Anton IA, Dunbar B, Coggins JR. The characterisation of the shikimate pathway enzyme dehydroquinase from Pisum sativum. FEBS Lett. 349: 397-402 (1994).

Deka RK, Kleanthous C, Coggins JR. Identification of the essential histidine residue at the active site of Escherichia coli dehydroquinase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 22237-22242 (1992).

Dhaliwal B, Nichols CE, Ren J, Lockyer M, Charles I, Hawkins AR, Stammers DK. Crystallographic studies of shikimate binding and induced conformational changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase. FEBS Lett. 574: 49-54 (2004).

Dias MV, Borges JC, Ely F, Pereira JH, Canduri F, Ramos CH, Frazzon J, Palma MS, Basso LA, Santos DS, de Azevedo WF Jr. Structure of chorismate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Struct. Biol. 154: 130-143 (2006).

Dias MV, Ely F, Canduri F, Pereira JH, Frazzon J, Basso LA, Palma MS, de Azevedo WF Jr, Santos DS. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of chorismate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 60: 2003-2005 (2004).

Ding L, Hofius D, Hajirezaei MR, Fernie AR, Bornke F, Sonnewald U. Functional analysis of the essential bifunctional tobacco enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase in transgenic tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2053-2067 (2007).

Dosselaere F, Vanderleyden J. A metabolic node in action: chorismate-utilizing enzymes in microorganisms. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 27: 75-131 (2001).

Driscoll JR, Taber HW. Sequence organization and regulation of the Bacillus subtilis menBE operon. J. Bacteriol. 174: 5063-5071 (1992).

Duncan K, Coggins JR. The serC-aro A operon of Escherichia coli. A mixed function operon encoding enzymes from two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Biochem. J. 234: 49-57 (1986).

Dyer WE, Weaver LM, Zhao JM, Kuhn DN, Weller SC, Herrmann KM. A cDNA encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase from Solanum tuberosum L. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 1608-1614 (1990).

Eberhard J, Raesecke HR, Schmid J, Amrhein N. Cloning and expression in yeast of a higher plant chorismate mutase. Molecular cloning, sequencing of the cDNA and characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme expressed in yeast. FEBS Lett. 334: 233-236 (1993).

Eberle D, Ullmann P, Werck-Reichhart D, Petersen M. cDNA cloning and functional characterisation of CYP98A14 and NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase from Coleus blumei involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 69: 239-253 (2009).

Ehlting J, Mattheus N, Aeschliman DS, Li E, Hamberger B, Cullis IF, Zhuang J, Kaneda M, Mansfield SD, Samuels L, Ritland K, Ellis BE, Bohlmann J, Douglas CJ. Global transcript profiling of primary stems from Arabidopsis thaliana identifies candidate genes for missing links in lignin biosynthesis and transcriptional regulators of fiber differentiation. Plant J. 42: 618-640 (2005).

Elsemore DA, Ornston LN. The pca-pob supraoperonic cluster of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus contains quiA, the structural gene for quinate-shikimate dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 176: 7659-7666 (1994).

Entus R, Poling M, Herrmann KM. Redox regulation of Arabidopsis 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 129: 1866-1871 (2002).

Eschenburg S, Healy ML, Priestman MA, Lushington GH, Schonbrunn E. How the mutation glycine96 to alanine confers glyphosate insensitivity to 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. Planta 216: 129-135 (2002).

Euverink GJ, Hessels GI, Vrijbloed JW, Coggins JR, Dijkhuizen L. Purification and characterization of a dual function 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase from Amycolatopsis methanolica. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 2449-2457 (1992).

Facchini PJ. Alkaloid biosynthesis in plants: biochemistry, cell biology, molecular regulation, and metabolic engineering applications. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 29-66 (2001).

Facchini PJ, Huber-Allanach KL, Tari LW. Plant aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases: evolution, biochemistry, regulation, and metabolic engineering applications. Phytochemistry 54: 121-138 (2000).

Fait A, Angelovici R, Less H, Ohad I, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Fernie AR, Galili G. Arabidopsis seed development and germination is associated with temporally distinct metabolic switches. Plant Physiol. 142: 839-854 (2006).

Fernandes CL, Breda A, Santos DS, Basso LA, Souza ON. A structural model for chorismate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complex with coenzyme and substrate. Comput. Biol. Med. 37: 149-158 (2007).

Flugge UI. Phosphate translocators in plastids. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 27-45 (1999).

Forlani G. Differential expression of 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase isoforms in elicitor-treated, cultured maize cells. Funct. Plant Biol. 29: 1483-1490 (2002).

Forlani G. Properties of the 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase isoforms isolated from maize cultured cells. J. Plant Physiol. 150: 369-375 (1997).

Forlani G, Campani A. A dimeric 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. New Phytol. 151: 443-450 (2001).

Forlani G, Kafarski P, Lejczak B, Boduszek B, Gancarz R, Torreilles C, Soloducho J, Wojtasek H, Hafner J, Korf J, Wieczorek P. Herbicidally active derivatives of aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid: mode of action and structure - activity relationship. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 110: 353-356 (1996).

Forlani G, Kafarski P, Lejczak B, Wieczorek P. Mode of action of herbicidal derivatives of aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid. 2. Reversal of herbicidal action by aromatic amino acids. J. Plant Growth Regul. 16: 147-152 (1997).

Forlani G, Lejczak B, Kafarski P. The herbicidally active compound N-2-(6-methyl-pyridyl)- aminomethylene bisphosphonic acid inhibits in vivo aromatic biosynthesis. J. Plant Growth Regul. 18: 73-79 (1999).

Forlani G, Lejczak B, Kafarski P. N-pyridyl-aminomethylene-bisphosphonic acids inhibit the first enzyme in the shikimate pathway, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 55: 180-188 (1996).

Forlani G, Lejczak B, Kafarski P. The herbicidally active compound N-2-(5-chloro-pyridyl) aminomethylene bisphosphonic acid acts by inhibiting both glutamine and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 27: 677-683 (2000).

Forlani G, Parisi B, Nielsen E. 5-Enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Zea mays cultured cells. Purification and properties. Plant Physiol. 105: 1107-1114 (1994).

Forlani G, Pavan M, Gramek M, Kafarski P, Lipok J. Biochemical bases for a widespread tolerance of cyanobacteria to the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 443-456 (2008).

Funke T, Yang Y, Han H, Healy-Fried ML, Olesen S, Becker A, Schonbrunn E. Structural basis of glyphosate tolerance resulting from the double mutation Thr97Ala and Pro101Ser in 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 9854-9860 (2009).

Gang DR, Beuerle T, Ullmann P, Werck-Reichhart D, Pichersky E. Differential production of meta hydroxylated phenylpropanoids in sweet basil peltate glandular trichomes and leaves is controlled by the activities of specific acyltransferases and hydroxylases. Plant Physiol. 130: 1536-1544 (2002).

Gasser CS, Winter JA, Hironaka CM, Shah DM. Structure, expression, and evolution of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase genes of petunia and tomato. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 4280-4287 (1988).

Gibon Y, Blaesing OE, Hannemann J, Carillo P, Hohne M, Hendriks JH, Palacios N, Cross J, Selbig J, Stitt M. A robot-based platform to measure multiple enzyme activities in Arabidopsis using a set of cycling assays: comparison of changes of enzyme activities and transcript levels during diurnal cycles and in prolonged darkness. Plant Cell 16: 3304-3325 (2004).

Gorlach J, Beck A, Henstrand JM, Handa AK, Herrmann KM, Schmid J, Amrhein N. Differential expression of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) genes encoding shikimate pathway isoenzymes. I. 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 697-706 (1993).

Gorlach J, Raesecke HR, Rentsch D, Regenass M, Roy P, Zala M, Keel C, Boller T, Amrhein N, Schmid J. Temporally distinct accumulation of transcripts encoding enzymes of the prechorismate pathway in elicitor-treated, cultured tomato cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 3166-3170 (1995).

Gorlach J, Schmid J, Amrhein N. Abundance of transcripts specific for genes encoding enzymes of the prechorismate pathway in different organs of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants. Planta 193: 216-223 (1994).

Gorlach J, Schmid J, Amrhein N. Differential expression of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) genes encoding shikimate pathway isoenzymes. II. Chorismate synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 707-716 (1993).

Gout E, Bligny R, Genix P, Tissut M, Douce R. Effect of glyphosate on plant cell metabolism. 31P and 13C NMR studies. Biochimie 74: 875-882 (1992).

Griffin HG, Gasson MJ. The gene (aroK) encoding shikimate kinase I from Escherichia coli. DNA Seq. 5: 195-197 (1995).

Gruys KJ, Walker MC, Sikorski JA. Substrate synergism and the steady-state kinetic reaction mechanism for EPSP synthase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 31: 5534-5544 (1992).

Guillet G, Poupart J, Basurco J, De Luca V. Expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and tyrosine decarboxylase genes in tobacco results in altered biochemical and physiological phenotypes. Plant Physiol. 122: 933-944 (2000).

Guyot C, Bouseta A, Scheirman V V, Collin S. Foral origin markers of chestnut and lime tree honeys. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 625-633 (1998).

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Hall GC, Flick MB, Gherna RL, Jensen RA. Biochemical diversity for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids among the cyanobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 149: 65-78 (1982).

Harrison LA, Bailey MR, Naylor MW, Ream JE, Hammond BG, Nida DL, Burnette BL, Nickson TE, Mitsky TA, Taylor ML, Fuchs RL, Padgette SR. The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J. Nutr. 126: 728-740 (1996).

Hartmann M, Heinrich G, Braus GH. Regulative fine-tuning of the two novel DAHP isoenzymes aroFp and aroGp of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Arch. Microbiol. 175: 112-121 (2001).

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Hausler RE, Rademacher T, Li J, Lipka V, Fischer KL, Schubert S, Kreuzaler F, Hirsch HJ. Single and double overexpression of C4-cycle genes had differential effects on the pattern of endogenous enzymes, attenuation of photorespiration and on contents of UV protectants in transgenic potato and tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1785-1803 (2001).

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Hawkins AR, Moore JD, Adeokun AM. Characterization of the 3-dehydroquinase domain of the pentafunctional AROM protein, and the quinate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus nidulans, and the overproduction of the type II 3-dehydroquinase from Neurospora crassa. Biochem. J. 296: 451-457 (1993).

Heinzle E, Matsuda F, Miyagawa H, Wakasa K, Nishioka T. Estimation of metabolic fluxes, expression levels and metabolite dynamics of a secondary metabolic pathway in potato using label pulse-feeding experiments combined with kinetic network modelling and simulation. Plant J. 50: 176-187 (2007).

Henkes S, Sonnewald U, Badur R, Flachmann R, Stitt M. A small decrease of plastid transketolase activity in antisense tobacco transformants has dramatic effects on photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 13: 535-551 (2001).

Herrmann KM. The shikimate pathway as an entry to aromatic secondary metabolism. Plant Physiol. 107: 7-12 (1995).

Herrmann KM. The shikimate pathway: early steps in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. Plant Cell 7: 907-919 (1995).

Herrmann KM, Weaver LM. The shikimate pathway. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 473-503 (1999).

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Hoffmann L, Maury S, Martz F, Geoffroy P, Legrand M. Purification, cloning, and properties of an acyltransferase controlling shikimate and quinate ester intermediates in phenylpropanoid metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 95-103 (2003).

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Hollander-Czytko H, Sommer I, Amrhein N. Glyphosate tolerance of cultured Corydalis sempervirens cells is acquired by an increased rate of transcription of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase as well as by a reduced turnover of the enzyme. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1029-1036 (1992).

Hu T, Metz S, Chay C, Zhou HP, Biest N, Chen G, Cheng M, Feng X, Radionenko M, Lu F, Fry J. Agrobacterium-mediated large-scale transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using glyphosate selection. Plant Cell Rep. 21: 1010-1019 (2003).

Huynh QK. Inactivation of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase by its substrate analogue pyruvate in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185: 317-322 (1992).

Huynh QK. Photo-oxidation of 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: evidence for a reactive imidazole group (His385) at the herbicide glyphosate-binding site. Biochem. J. 290: 525-530 (1993).

Ishihara A, Asada Y, Takahashi Y, Yabe N, Komeda Y, Nishioka T, Miyagawa H, Wakasa K. Metabolic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit gene OASA1D. Phytochemistry 67: 2349-2362 (2006).

Janacek SH, Trenkamp S, Palmer B, Brown NJ, Parsley K, Stanley S, Astley HM, Rolfe SA, Paul Quick W, Fernie AR, Hibberd JM. Photosynthesis in cells around veins of the C(3) plant Arabidopsis thaliana is important for both the shikimate pathway and leaf senescence as well as contributing to plant fitness. Plant J. 59: 329-343 (2009).

Janzik I, Preiskowski S, Kneifel H. Ozone has dramatic effects on the regulation of the prechorismate pathway in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel W3). Planta 223: 20-27 (2005).

Jehnes S, Betz G, Bahnweg G, Haberer K, Sandermann H, Rennenberg H. Tree internal signalling and defence reactions under ozone exposure in sun and shade leaves of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. Plant Biol. (Stuttg.) 9: 253-264 (2007).

Jerkovic I, Mastelic J, Marijanovic Z. A variety of volatile compounds as markers in unifloral honey from dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Chem. Biodivers. 3: 1307-1316 (2006).

Jude DA, Ewart CD, Thain JL, Davies GM, Nichols WW. Transport of the antibacterial agent (6S)-6-fluoroshikimate and other shikimate analogues by the shikimate transport system of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1279: 125-129 (1996).

Kafarski P, Lejczak B, Forlani G, Gancarz R, Torreilles C, Grembecka J, Ryczek A, Wieczorek P. Herbicidal derivatives of aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid. 3. Structure-activity relationship. J. Plant Growth Regul. 16: 153-158 (1997).

Kasai K, Kanno T, Akita M, Ikejiri-Kanno Y, Wakasa K, Tozawa Y. Identification of three shikimate kinase genes in rice: characterization of their differential expression during panicle development and of the enzymatic activities of the encoded proteins. Planta 222: 438-447 (2005).

Keeling PJ, Palmer JD, Donald RG, Roos DS, Waller RF, McFadden GI. Shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites. Nature 397: 219-220 (1999).

Kim DS, Lee IS, Jang CS, Kang SY, Seo YW. Characterization of the altered anthranilate synthase in 5-methyltryptophan-resistant rice mutants. Plant Cell Rep. 24: 357-365 (2005).

Kitzing K, Auweter S, Amrhein N, Macheroux P. Mechanism of chorismate synthase. Role of the two invariant histidine residues in the active site. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 9451-9461 (2004).

Kiviharju K, Moilanen U, Leisola M, Eerikainen T. A chemostat study of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius N47. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 73: 1267-1274 (2007).

Klee HJ, Muskopf YM, Gasser CS. Cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: sequence analysis and manipulation to obtain glyphosate-tolerant plants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210: 437-442 (1987).

Klimek M, Lejczak B, Kafarski P, Forlani G. Metabolism of the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate by a non-nitrate-utilizing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. Pest Manag. Sci. 57: 815-821 (2001).

Knaggs AR. The biosynthesis of shikimate metabolites. Nat. Prod. Rep. 18: 334-355 (2001).

Knappe S, Lottgert T, Schneider A, Voll L, Flugge UI, Fischer K. Characterization of two functional phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT) genes in Arabidopsis--AtPPT1 may be involved in the provision of signals for correct mesophyll development. Plant J. 36: 411-420 (2003).

Kolbe A, Oliver SN, Fernie AR, Stitt M, van Dongen JT, Geigenberger P. Combined transcript and metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis leaves reveals fundamental effects of the thiol-disulfide status on plant metabolism. Plant Physiol. 141: 412-422 (2006).

Kramer M, Bongaerts J, Bovenberg R, Kremer S, Muller U, Orf S, Wubbolts M, Raeven L. Metabolic engineering for microbial production of shikimic acid. Metab. Eng. 5: 277-283 (2003).

Krell T, Chackrewarthy S, Pitt AR, Elwell A, Coggins JR. Chemical modification monitored by electrospray mass spectrometry: a rapid and simple method for identifying and studying functional residues in enzymes. J. Pept. Res. 51: 201-209 (1998).

Krell T, Coggins JR, Lapthorn AJ. The three-dimensional structure of shikimate kinase. J. Mol. Biol. 278: 983-997 (1998).

Kuhnl T, Koch U, Heller W, Wellmann E. Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis: characterization of a light-induced microsomal 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 258: 226-32 (1987).

Kunzler M, Paravicini G, Egli CM, Irniger S, Braus GH. Cloning, primary structure and regulation of the ARO4 gene, encoding the tyrosine-inhibited 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 113: 67-74 (1992).

Lakshman DK, Jian J, Tavantzis SM. A double-stranded RNA element from a hypovirulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani occurs in DNA form and is genetically related to the pentafunctional AROM protein of the shikimate pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 6425-6429 (1998).

Lamb HK, van den Hombergh JP, Newton GH, Moore JD, Roberts CF, Hawkins AR. Differential flux through the quinate and shikimate pathways. Implications for the channelling hypothesis. Biochem. J. 284: 181-187 (1992).

Lambert KN, Allen KD, Sussex IM. Cloning and characterization of an esophageal-gland-specific chorismate mutase from the phytoparasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 12: 328-336 (1999).

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