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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, phospholipid synthesis

Abreu EF, Aragao FJ 2007 Isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase gene from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) expressed during seed development and environmental stress. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 285-292.

Allen-Baume V, Segui B, Cockcroft S 2002 Current thoughts on the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein family. FEBS Lett. 531: 74-80.

Araki W, Wurtman RJ 1997 Control of membrane phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by diacylglycerol levels in neuronal cells undergoing neurite outgrowth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 11946-11950.

Asin-Cayuela J, Manas AR, James AM, Smith RA, Murphy MP 2004 Fine-tuning the hydrophobicity of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. FEBS Lett. 571: 9-16.

Babiychuk E, Muller F, Eubel H, Braun HP, Frentzen M, Kushnir S 2003 Arabidopsis phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1 is essential for chloroplast differentiation, but is dispensable for mitochondrial function. Plant J. 33: 899-909.

Baldessarini RJ 1987 Neuropharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Am. J. Med. 83: 95-103.

Barbour SE, Kapur A, Deal CL 1999 Regulation of phosphatidylcholine homeostasis by calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1439: 77-88.

Bates PD, Ohlrogge JB, Pollard M 2007 Incorporation of newly synthesized fatty acids into cytosolic glycerolipids in pea leaves occurs via acyl editing. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 31206-31216.

Bolognese CP, McGraw P 2000 The isolation and characterization in yeast of a gene for Arabidopsis S-adenosylmethionine:phospho-ethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Plant Physiol. 124: 1800-1813.

Bonaventure G, Bao X, Ohlrogge J, Pollard M 2004 Metabolic responses to the reduction in palmitate caused by disruption of the FATB gene in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135: 1269-1279.

Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH 1994 The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. Drugs 48: 137-152.

Cahoon EB, Dietrich CR, Meyer K, Damude HG, Dyer JM, Kinney AJ 2006 Conjugated fatty acids accumulate to high levels in phospholipids of metabolically engineered soybean and Arabidopsis seeds. Phytochemistry 67: 1166-1176.

Carman GM, Henry SA 1989 Phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58: 635-669.

Chang YF, Carman GM 2008 CTP synthetase and its role in phospholipid synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prog. Lipid Res. 47: 333-339.

Chiang PK, Gordon RK, Tal J, Zeng GC, Doctor BP, Pardhasaradhi K, McCann PP 1996 S-Adenosylmethionine and methylation. FASEB J. 10: 471-480.

Collin S, Justin AM, Cantrel C, Arondel V, Kader JC 1999 Identification of AtPIS, a phosphatidylinositol synthase from Arabidopsis. Eur. J. Biochem. 262: 652-658.

Cruz-Ramirez A, Lopez-Bucio J, Ramirez-Pimentel G, Zurita-Silva A, Sanchez-Calderon L, Ramirez-Chavez E, Gonzalez-Ortega E, Herrera-Estrella L 2004 The xipotl mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a critical role for phospholipid metabolism in root system development and epidermal cell integrity. Plant Cell 16: 2020-2034.

Daleke DL 2007 Phospholipid flippases. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 821-825.

de Koning TJ, Klomp LWJ 2004 Serine-deficiency syndromes. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 17: 197-204.

de Rudder KE, Lopez-Lara IM, Geiger O 2000 Inactivation of the gene for phospholipid N-methyltransferase in Sinorhizobium meliloti: phosphatidylcholine is required for normal growth. Mol. Microbiol. 37: 763-772.

de Rudder KE, Thomas-Oates JE, Geiger O 1997 Rhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in phospholipid N-methyltransferase still contain phosphatidylcholine. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6921-6928.

de Rudder KEE, Sohlenkamp C, Geiger O 1999 Plant exuded choline is used for rhizobial membrane lipid biosynthesis by phosphatidylcholine synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 20011-20016.

DeWald DB, Torabinejad J, Jones CA, Shope JC, Cangelosi AR, Thompson JE, Prestwich GD, Hama H 2001 Rapid accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate correlates with calcium mobilization in salt-stressed Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 759-769.

Dijkema C, Kester HC, Visser J 1985 13C NMR studies of carbon metabolism in the hyphal fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82: 14-18.

Dowhan W 1997 Molecular basis for membrane phospholipid diversity: why are there so many lipids? Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66: 199-232.

Fruman DA, Meyers RE, Cantley LC 1998 Phosphoinositide kinases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 481-507.

Gaude N, Nakamura Y, Scheible WR, Ohta H, Dörmann P 2008 Phospholipase C5 (NPC5) is involved in galactolipid accumulation during phosphate limitation in leaves of Arabidopsis. Plant J. Jun 18 [Epub ahead of print].

Gohil VM, Thompson MN, Greenberg ML 2005 Synthetic lethal interaction of the mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin biosynthetic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 35410-35416.

Graham IA, Larson T, Napier JA 2007 Rational metabolic engineering of transgenic plants for biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturates. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18: 142-147.

Henry SA, Patton-Vogt JL 1998 Genetic regulation of phospholipid metabolism: yeast as a model eukaryote. Prog. Nuc. Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 61: 133-179.

Hernández ML, Guschina IA, Martínez-Rivas JM, Mancha M, Harwood JL 2008 The utilization and desaturation of oleate and linoleate during glycerolipid biosynthesis in olive (Olea europaea L.) callus cultures. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2425-2435.

Hoffmann M, Wagner M, Abbadi A, Fulda M, Feussner I 2008 Metabolic engineering of omega 3-very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production by an exclusively acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 22352-22362.

Huang J, Rozwadowski K, Bhinu VS, Schafer U, Hannoufa A 2008 Manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in Arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 647-654.

Innis SM, Hasman D 2006 Evidence of choline depletion and reduced betaine and dimethylglycine with increased homocysteine in plasma of children with cystic fibrosis. J. Nutr. 136: 2226-2231.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1986 Consequences of reduced intracellular coenzyme A content in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 166: 866-871.

Jesch SA, Liu P, Zhao X, Wells MT, Henry SA 2006 Multiple endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling pathways coordinate phospholipid metabolism with gene expression by distinct mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 24070-24083.

Johnston MK, Jacob NP, Brodl MR 2007 Heat shock-induced changes in lipid and protein metabolism in the endoplasmic reticulum of barley aleurone layers. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 31-41.

Jones PL, Willey DL, Gacesa P, Harwood JL 1998 Isolation, characterisation and expression of a cDNA for pea cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 179-185.

Justin AM, Kader JC, Collin S 2003 Synthetic capacity of Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1634: 52-60.

Kaan T, Homuth G, Mader U, Bandow J, Schweder T 2002 Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the Bacillus subtilis cold-shock response. Microbiology 148: 3441-3455.

Kacperska A 2004 Sensor types in signal transduction pathways in plant cells responding to abiotic stressors: do they depend on stress intensity?. Physiol. Plant. 122: 159-168.

Kant MR, Ament K, Sabelis MW, Haring MA, Schuurink RC 2004 Differential timing of spider mite-induced direct and indirect defenses in tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 135: 483-495.

Katayama K, Sakurai I, Wada H 2004 Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene for cardiolipin synthase located in mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 577: 193-198.

Katz-Brull R, Seger D, Rivenson-Segal D, Rushkin E, Degani H 2002 Metabolic markers of breast cancer: enhanced choline metabolism and reduced choline-ether-phospholipid synthesis. Cancer Res. 62: 1966-1970.

Keating DH, Carey MR, Cronan JE Jr 1995 The unmodified (apo) form of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 22229-22235.

Kent C 1995 Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64: 315-343.

Kim K, Kim KH, Storey MK, Voelker DR, Carman GM 1999 Isolation and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae EKI1 gene encoding ethanolamine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 14857-14866.

Kodaki T, Tsuji S, Otani N, Yamamoto D, Rao KS, Watanabe S, Tsukatsune M, Makino K 2003 Differential transcriptional regulation of two distinct S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes (SAM1 and SAM2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. Suppl. 3: 303-304.

Laloi M, Perret AM, Chatre L, Melser S, Cantrel C, Vaultier MN, Zachowski A, Bathany K, Schmitter JM, Vallet M, Lessire R, Hartmann MA, Moreau P 2007 Insights into the role of specific lipids in the formation and delivery of lipid microdomains to the plasma membrane of plant cells. Plant Physiol. 143: 461-472.

Lamkemeyer P, Laxa M, Collin V, Li W, Finkemeier I, Schottler MA, Holtkamp V, Tognetti VB, Issakidis-Bourguet E, Kandlbinder A, Weis E, Miginiac-Maslow M, Dietz KJ 2006 Peroxiredoxin Q of Arabidopsis thaliana is attached to the thylakoids and functions in context of photosynthesis. Plant J. 45: 968-981.

Lehman-McKeeman LD, Gamsky EA 1999 Diethanolamine inhibits choline uptake and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262: 600-604.

Li M, Welti R, Wang X 2006 Quantitative profiling of Arabidopsis polar glycerolipids in response to phosphorus starvation. Roles of phospholipases D zeta1 and D zeta2 in phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and digalactosyldiacylglycerol accumulation in phosphorus-starved plants. Plant Physiol. 142: 750-761.

Loer DS, Herman EM 1993 Cotranslational integration of soybean (Glycine max) oil body membrane protein oleosin into microsomal membranes. Plant Physiol. 101: 993-998.

Lorenzin D, Webb C, Summers PS, Weretilnyk EA 2001 Enzymes of choline synthesis in diverse plants: variation in phosphobase N-methyltransferase activities. Can. J. Bot. 79: 897-904.

Malanovic N, Streith I, Wolinski H, Rechberger G, Kohlwein SD, Tehlivets O 2008 S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, key enzyme of methylation metabolism, regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis and triacylglycerol homeostasis in yeast: implications for homocysteine as a risk factor of atherosclerosis. J. Biol. Chem. Jun 30 [Epub ahead of print].

Manoharan K, Chae HS, Cha JM, Cho SH, Shin SH, Cho BH, Lee WS 2000 Synthesis of phosphatidylserine in carrot cells cultured under carbon-source starvation. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 1143-1148.

Meijer HJG, Arisz SA, van Himbergen JAJ, Musgrave A, Munnik T 2001 Hyperosmotic stress rapidly generates lyso-phosphatidic acid in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 25: 541-548.

Miyamoto S, Kashiwagi K, Ito K, Watanabe S, Igarashi K 1993 Estimation of polyamine distribution and polyamine stimulation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300: 63-68.

Moore TS 1982 Phospholipid biosynthesis Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 235-259.

Moore TS, Du Z, Chen Z 2001 Membrane lipid biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vitro biosynthesis of diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine. Plant Physiol. 125: 423-429.

Mou Z, Wang X, Fu Z, Dai Y, Han C, Ouyang J, Bao F, Hu Y, Li J 2002 Silencing of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase results in temperature-sensitive male sterility and salt hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14: 2031-2043.

Mueller-Roeber B, Pical C 2002 Inositol phospholipid metabolism in Arabidopsis. Characterized and putative isoforms of inositol phospholipid kinase and phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. Plant Physiol. 130: 22-46.

Mukhopadhyay A, He Z, Alm EJ, Arkin AP, Baidoo EE, Borglin SC, Chen W, Hazen TC, He Q, Holman HY, Huang K, Huang R, Joyner DC, Katz N, Keller M, Oeller P, Redding A, Sun J, Wall J, Wei J, Yang Z, Yen HC, Zhou J, Keasling JD 2006 Salt stress in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough: an integrated genomics approach. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4068-4078.

Munnik T 2001 Phosphatidic acid: an emerging plant lipid second messenger. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 227-233.

Munnik T, Meijer HJ, Ter Riet B, Hirt H, Frank W, Bartels D, Musgrave A 2000 Hyperosmotic stress stimulates phospholipase D activity and elevates the levels of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. Plant J. 22: 147-154.

Ostrander DB, O'Brien DJ, Gorman JA, Carman GM 1998 Effect of CTP synthetase regulation by CTP on phospholipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 18992-19001.

Patton-Vogt JL, Griac P, Sreenivas A, Bruno V, Dowd S, Swede MJ, Henry SA 1997 Role of the yeast phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (Sec14p) in phosphatidylcholine turnover and INO1 regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 20873-20883.

Pereira LA, Todorova M, Cai X, Makaroff C, Emery R, Moffatt B 2007 Methyl recycling activities are co-ordinately regulated during plant development. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 1083-1098.

Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA, Stafforini DM, McIntyre TM 2000 Platelet-activating factor and related lipid mediators. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 419-445.

Reo NV, Adinehzadeh M, Foy BD 2002 Kinetic analyses of liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis using 13C NMR spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1580: 171-188.

Rivera MC, Jain R, Moore JE, Lake JA 1998 Genomic evidence for two functionally distinct gene classes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 6239-6244.

Rock CO, Jackowski S 1982 Regulation of phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Composition of the acyl-acyl carrier protein pool in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 10759-10765.

Ross BM, Moszczynska A, Erlich J, Kish SJ 1998 Phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes in Alzheimer's disease: increased lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity and decreased phospholipase A2 activity. J. Neurochem. 70: 786-793.

Saltveit ME, Choi YJ, Tomas-Barberan FA 2005 Involvement of components of the phospholipid-signaling pathway in wound-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaf tissue. Physiol. Plant. 125: 345-355.

Sandoval JA, Huang ZH, Garrett DC, Gage DA, Chapman KD 1995 N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine in dry and imbibing cottonseeds. Amounts, molecular species, and enzymatic synthesis. Plant Physiol. 109: 269-275.

Sang Y, Cui D, Wang X 2001 Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid-mediated generation of superoxide in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 1449-1458.

Sato S, Kurihara T, Kawamoto J, Hosokawa M, Sato SB, Esaki N 2008 Cold adaptation of eicosapentaenoic acid-less mutant of Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 involving uptake and remodeling of synthetic phospholipids containing various polyunsaturated fatty acids. Extremophiles Jul 31 [Epub ahead of print].

Scherer GF, Zahn M, Callis J, Jones AM 2007 A role for phospholipase A in auxin-regulated gene expression. FEBS Lett. 581: 4205-4211.

Schnabl M, Oskolkova OV, Holic R, Brezna B, Pichler H, Zagorsek M, Kohlwein SD, Paltauf F, Daum G, Griac P 2003 Subcellular localization of yeast Sec14 homologues and their involvement in regulation of phospholipid turnover. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3133-3145.

Schujman GE, Guerin M, Buschiazzo A, Schaeffer F, Llarrull LI, Reh G, Vila AJ, Alzari PM, de Mendoza D 2006 Structural basis of lipid biosynthesis regulation in Gram-positive bacteria. EMBO J. 25: 4074-4083.

Sehayek E, Wang R, Ono JG, Zinchuk VS, Duncan EM, Shefer S, Vance DE, Ananthanarayanan M, Chait BT, Breslow JL 2003 Localization of the PE methylation pathway and SR-BI to the canalicular membrane: evidence for apical PC biosynthesis that may promote biliary excretion of phospholipid and cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 44: 1605-1613.

Shank KJ, Su P, Brglez I, Boss WF, Dewey RE, Boston RS 2001 Induction of lipid metabolic enzymes during the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in plants. Plant Physiol. 126: 267-277.

Sheard NF, Zeisel SH 1989 Choline: an essential dietary nutrient? Nutrition 5: 1-5.

Shockey JM, Fulda MS, Browse JA 2002 Arabidopsis contains nine long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes that participate in fatty acid and glycerolipid metabolism. Plant Physiol. 129: 1710-1722.

Stahl U, Carlsson AS, Lenman M, Dahlqvist A, Huang B, Banas W, Banas A, Stymne S 2004 Cloning and functional characterization of a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135: 1324-1335.

Stalberg K, Neal AC, Ronne H, Stahl U 2008 Identification of a novel glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase activity and a new pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Lipid Res. 49: 1794-1806.

Storey MK, Wu W, Voelker DR 2001 A genetic screen for ethanolamine auxotrophs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a novel mutation in Mcd4p, a protein implicated in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1532: 234-247.

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Tehlivets O, Hasslacher M, Kohlwein SD 2004 S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase in yeast: key enzyme of methylation metabolism and coordinated regulation with phospholipid synthesis. FEBS Lett. 577: 501-506.

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Wagner C, Blank M, Strohmann B, Schuller HJ 1999 Overproduction of the Opi1 repressor inhibits transcriptional activation of structural genes required for phospholipid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 15: 843-854.

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Number of references = 102

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