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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
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His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
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References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, plastoquinone

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Baena-Gonzalez E, Gray JC, Tyystjarvi E, Aro EM, Maenpaa P. Abnormal regulation of photosynthetic electron transport in a chloroplast ycf9 inactivation mutant. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 20795-20802 (2001).

Baier M, Dietz KJ. Chloroplasts as source and target of cellular redox regulation: a discussion on chloroplast redox signals in the context of plant physiology. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1449-1462 (2005).

Bajda A, Konopka-Postupolska D, Krzymowska M, Hennig J, Skorupinska-Tudek K, Surmacz L, Wojcik J, Matysiak Z, Chojnacki T, Skorzynska-Polit E, Drazkiewicz M, Patrzylas P, Tomaszewska M, Kania M, Swist M, Danikiewicz W, Piotrowska W, Swiezewska E. Role of polyisoprenoids in tobacco resistance against biotic stresses. Physiol. Plant. 135: 351-64 (2009).

Bergantino E, Sandona D, Cugini D, Bassi R. The photosystem II subunit CP29 can be phosphorylated in both C3 and C4 plants as suggested by sequence analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 11-22 (1998).

Bernhard Teicher H, Vibe Scheller H. The NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in barley thylakoids is photoactivatable and uses NADPH as well as NADH. Plant Physiol. 117: 525-532 (1998).

Berry S, Rumberg B. Kinetic modeling of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Bioelectrochemistry 53: 35-53 (2001).

Buchanan BB, Balmer Y. Redox regulation: a broadening horizon. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56: 187-220 (2005).

Bukhov NG, Govindachary S, Egorova EA, Carpentier R. Recovery of photosystem I and II activities during re-hydration of lichen Hypogymnia physodes thalli. Planta 219: 110-120 (2004).

Bukhov NG, Govindachary S, Rajagopal S, Joly D, Carpentier R. Enhanced rates of P700(+) dark-reduction in leaves of Cucumis sativus L photoinhibited at chilling temperature. Planta 218: 852-861 (2004).

Cardol P, Gloire G, Havaux M, Remacle C, Matagne R, Franck F. Photosynthesis and state transitions in mitochondrial mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii affected in respiration. Plant Physiol. 133: 2010-2020 (2003).

Chen YB, Durnford DG, Koblizek M, Falkowski PG. Plastid regulation of Lhcb1 transcription in the chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Plant Physiol. 136: 3737-3750 (2004).

Cheng Z, Sattler S, Maeda H, Sakuragi Y, Bryant DA, DellaPenna D. Highly divergent methyltransferases catalyze a conserved reaction in tocopherol and plastoquinone synthesis in cyanobacteria and photosynthetic eukaryotes. Plant Cell 15: 2343-2356 (2003).

Cheung AY, McNellis T, Piekos B. Maintenance of chloroplast components during chromoplast differentiation in the tomato mutant green flesh. Plant Physiol. 101: 1223-1229 (1993).

Collakova E, DellaPenna D. Isolation and functional analysis of homogentisate phytyltransferase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 1113-1124 (2001).

Cournac L, Latouche G, Cerovic Z, Redding K, Ravenel J, Peltier G. In vivo interactions between photosynthesis, mitorespiration, and chlororespiration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 129: 1921-1928 (2002).

Dahnhardt D, Falk J, Appel J, van der Kooij TAW, Schulz-Friedrich R, Krupinska K. The hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 is not required for plastoquinone biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 523: 177-181 (2002).

Dal Bosco C, Busconi M, Govoni C, Baldi P, Stanca AM, Crosatti C, Bassi R, Cattivelli L. cor gene expression in barley mutants affected in chloroplast development and photosynthetic electron transport. Plant Physiol. 131: 793-802 (2003).

Disch A, Hemmerlin A, Bach TJ, Rohmer M. Mevalonate-derived isopentenyl diphosphate is the biosynthetic precursor of ubiquinone prenyl side chain in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biochem. J. 331: 615-621 (1998).

Domonkos I, Malec P, Sallai A, Kovacs L, Itoh K, Shen G, Ughy B, Bogos B, Sakurai I, Kis M, Strzalka K, Wada H, Itoh S, Farkas T, Gombos Z. Phosphatidylglycerol is essential for oligomerization of photosystem I reaction center. Plant Physiol. 134: 1471-1478 (2004).

Ducruet JM. Chlorophyll thermoluminescence of leaf discs: simple instruments and progress in signal interpretation open the way to new ecophysiological indicators. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 2419-2430 (2003).

Ducruet JM, Roman M, Havaux M, Janda T, Gallais A. Cyclic electron flow around PSI monitored by afterglow luminescence in leaves of maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.): correlation with chilling tolerance. Planta 221: 567-579 (2005).

Falk J, Andersen G, Kernebeck B, Krupinska K. Constitutive overexpression of barley 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase in tobacco results in elevation of the vitamin E content in seeds but not in leaves. FEBS Lett. 540: 35-40 (2003).

Fraser PD, Pinto ME, Holloway DE, Bramley PM. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection to the metabolic profiling of plant isoprenoids. Plant J. 24: 551-558 (2000).

Giannino D, Condello E, Bruno L, Testone G, Tartarini A, Cozza R, Innocenti AM, Bitonti MB, Mariotti D. The gene geranylgeranyl reductase of peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) is regulated during leaf development and responds differentially to distinct stress factors. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2063-2073 (2004).

Gravano E, Bussotti F, Strasser RJ, Schaub M, Novak K, Skelly J, Tani C. Ozone symptoms in leaves of woody plants in open-top chambers: ultrastructural and physiological characteristics. Physiol. Plant. 121: 620-633 (2004).

Guera A, Calatayud A, Sabater B, Barreno E. Involvement of the thylakoidal NADH-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase complex in the early responses to ozone exposure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 205-218 (2005).

Gutthann F, Egert M, Marques A, Appel J. Inhibition of respiration and nitrate assimilation enhances photohydrogen evolution under low oxygen concentrations in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1767: 161-169 (2007).

Haldimann P, Feller U. Growth at moderately elevated temperature alters the physiological response of the photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 302-317 (2005).

Hanke GT, Endo T, Satoh F, Hase T. Altered photosynthetic electron channelling into cyclic electron flow and nitrite assimilation in a mutant of ferredoxin:NADP(H) reductase. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 1017-1028 (2008).

Harel Y, Ohad I, Kaplan A. Activation of photosynthesis and resistance to photoinhibition in cyanobacteria within biological desert crust. Plant Physiol. 136: 3070-3079 (2004).

Harris GC, Heber U. Effects of anaerobiosis on chlorophyll fluorescence yield in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf discs. Plant Physiol. 101: 1169-1173 (1993).

Hashimoto M, Endo T, Peltier G, Tasaka M, Shikanai T. A nucleus-encoded factor, CRR2, is essential for the expression of chloroplast ndhB in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 36: 541-549 (2003).

Hausler RE, Geimer S, Kunz HH, Schmitz J, Dormann P, Bell K, Hetfeld S, Guballa A, Flugge UI. Chlororespiration and grana hyperstacking - how an Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant can survive, which is defective in both starch biosynthesis and daily carbon export from chloroplasts (adg1-1/tpt-1). Plant Physiol. 149: 515-533 (2009).

Heiber I, Stroher E, Raatz B, Busse I, Kahmann U, Bevan MW, Dietz KJ, Baier M. The redox imbalanced mutants of Arabidopsis differentiate signaling pathways for redox regulation of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes. Plant Physiol. 143: 1774-1788 (2007).

Horvath EM, Peter SO, Joet T, Rumeau D, Cournac L, Horvath GV, Kavanagh TA, Schafer C, Peltier G, Medgyesy P. Targeted inactivation of the plastid ndhB gene in tobacco results in an enhanced sensitivity of photosynthesis to moderate stomatal closure. Plant Physiol. 123: 1337-1350 (2000).

Howitt CA, Cooley JW, Wiskich JT, Vermaas WF. A strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 without photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiratory oxygen consumption: implications for the study of cyclic photosynthetic electron transport. Planta 214: 46-56 (2001).

Ishida S, Takabayashi A, Ishikawa N, Hano Y, Endo T, Sato F. A novel nuclear-encoded protein, NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow 5, is essential for the accumulation of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complexes. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 383-393 (2009).

Ivanov AG, Krol M, Sveshnikov D, Selstam E, Sandstrom S, Koochek M, Park YI, Vasil'ev S, Bruce D, Oquist G, Huner NP. Iron deficiency in cyanobacteria causes monomerization of photosystem I trimers and reduces the capacity for state transitions and the effective absorption cross section of photosystem I in vivo. Plant Physiol. 141: 1436-1445 (2006).

Ivanov AG, Sane PV, Zeinalov Y, Malmberg G, Gardestrom P, Huner NP, Oquist G. Photosynthetic electron transport adjustments in overwintering Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Planta 213: 575-585 (2001).

Ivleva NB, Gao T, Liwang AC, Golden SS. Quinone sensing by the circadian input kinase of the cyanobacterial circadian clock. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 17468-17473 (2006).

Jansen MA, Depka B, Trebst A, Edelman M. Engagement of specific sites in the plastoquinone niche regulates degradation of the D1 protein in photosystem II. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 21246-21252 (1993).

Kana R, Kotabova E, Prasil O. Acceleration of plastoquinone pool reduction by alternative pathways precedes a decrease in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in preheated barley leaves. Physiol. Plant. 133: 794-806 (2008).

Karpinski S, Escobar C, Karpinska B, Creissen G, Mullineaux PM. Photosynthetic electron transport regulates the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis during excess light stress. Plant Cell 9: 627-640 (1997).

Kim JH, Glick RE, Melis A. Dynamics of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment by light quality in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 102: 181-190 (1993).

Kirchhoff H. Molecular crowding and order in photosynthetic membranes. Trends Plant Sci. 13: 201-207 (2008).

Kurisu G, Zhang H, Smith JL, Cramer WA. Structure of the cytochrome b6f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis: tuning the cavity. Science 302: 1009-1014 (2003).

Laisk A, Eichelmann H, Oja V. C3 photosynthesis in silico. Photosynth. Res. 90: 45-66 (2006).

Laisk A, Oja V, Rasulov B, Ramma H, Eichelmann H, Kasparova I, Pettai H, Padu E, Vapaavuori E. A computer-operated routine of gas exchange and optical measurements to diagnose photosynthetic apparatus in leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 923-943 (2002).

Lange BM, Ghassemian M. Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: a survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 925-948 (2003).

Lennon AM, Prommeenate P, Nixon PJ. Location, expression and orientation of the putative chlororespiratory enzymes, Ndh and IMMUTANS, in higher-plant plastids. Planta 218: 254-260 (2003).

Lichtenthaler HK. The 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 47-65 (1999).

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Martin M, Casano LM, Zapata JM, Guera A, del Campo EM, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Maier RM, Sabater B. Role of thylakoid Ndh complex and peroxidase in the protection against photo-oxidative stress: fluorescence and enzyme activities in wild-type and ndhF-deficient tobacco. Physiol. Plant. 122: 443-452 (2004).

Masuda T, Tanaka A, Melis A. Chlorophyll antenna size adjustments by irradiance in Dunaliella salina involve coordinate regulation of chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) and Lhcb gene expression. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 757-771 (2003).

Miskiewicz E, Ivanov AG, Huner NP. Stoichiometry of the photosynthetic apparatus and phycobilisome structure of the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum UTEX 485 are regulated by both light and temperature. Plant Physiol. 130: 1414-1425 (2002).

Miyake C, Amako K, Shiraishi N, Sugimoto T. Acclimation of tobacco leaves to high light intensity drives the plastoquinone oxidation system - relationship among the fraction of open PSII centers, non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII in the dark. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 730-743 (2009).

Motohashi R, Ito T, Kobayashi M, Taji T, Nagata N, Asami T, Yoshida S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Functional analysis of the 37 kDa inner envelope membrane polypeptide in chloroplast biogenesis using a Ds-tagged Arabidopsis pale-green mutant. Plant J. 34: 719-731 (2003).

Muhlenbock P, Szechynska-Hebda M, Plaszczyca M, Baudo M, Mateo A, Mullineaux PM, Parker JE, Karpinska B, Karpinski S. Chloroplast signaling and LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 regulate crosstalk between light acclimation and immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20: 2339-2356 (2008).

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Norris SR, Barrette TR, DellaPenna D. Genetic dissection of carotenoid synthesis in Arabidopsis defines plastoquinone as an essential component of phytoene desaturation. Plant Cell 7: 2139-2149 (1995).

Norris SR, Shen X, DellaPenna D. Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 mutation with the gene encoding p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Plant Physiol. 117: 1317-1323 (1998).

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Rumeau D, Becuwe-Linka N, Beyly A, Louwagie M, Garin J, Peltier G. New subunits NDH-M, -N, and -O, encoded by nuclear genes, are essential for plastid Ndh complex functioning in higher plants. Plant Cell 17: 219-232 (2005).

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Sakurai I, Mizusawa N, Ohashi S, Kobayashi M, Wada H. Effects of the lack of phosphatidylglycerol on the donor side of photosystem II. Plant Physiol. 144: 1336-1346 (2007).

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Schwender J, Seemann M, Lichtenthaler HK, Rohmer M. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Biochem. J. 316: 73-80 (1996).

Schwenkert S, Legen J, Takami T, Shikanai T, Herrmann RG, Meurer J. Role of the low-molecular-weight subunits PetL, PetG, and PetN in assembly, stability, and dimerization of the cytochrome b6f complex in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 144: 1924-1935 (2007).

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Sharkey TD. Effects of moderate heat stress on photosynthesis: importance of thylakoid reactions, rubisco deactivation, reactive oxygen species, and thermotolerance provided by isoprene. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 269-277 (2005).

Sherameti I, Sopory SK, Trebicka A, Pfannschmidt T, Oelmuller R. Photosynthetic electron transport determines nitrate reductase gene expression and activity in higher plants. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 46594-46600 (2002).

Shimada H, Ohno R, Shibata M, Ikegami I, Onai K, Ohto MA, Takamiya K. Inactivation and deficiency of core proteins of photosystems I and II caused by genetical phylloquinone and plastoquinone deficiency but retained lamellar structure in a T-DNA mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant J. 41: 627-637 (2005).

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Number of references = 96

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