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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
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References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Agostino A, Heldt HW, Hatch MD. Mitochondrial respiration in relation to photosynthetic C4 acid decarboxylation in C4 species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 23: 1-7 (1996).

Arreguin de Lorencez M, Kappeli O. Regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in a chemostat. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 2517-2522 (1987).

Bahrami AR, Chen ZH, Walker RP, Leegood RC, Gray JE. Ripening-related occurrence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in tomato fruit. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 499-506 (2001).

Bailey KJ, Gray JE, Walker RP, Leegood RC. Coordinate regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by light and CO2 during C4 photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 144: 479-486 (2007).

Barry RC, Young MJ, Stedman KM, Dratz EA. Proteomic mapping of the hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. Electrophoresis 27: 2970-2983 (2006).

Borland AM, Tecsi LI, Leegood RC, Walker RP. Inducibility of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Clusia species; physiological/biochemical characterisation and intercellular localization of carboxylation and decarboxylation processes in three species which exhibit different degrees of CAM. Planta 205: 342-351 (1998).

Brosnan JT. The 1986 Borden award lecture. The role of the kidney in amino acid metabolism and nutrition. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 65: 2355-2362 (1987).

Burgess SC, Jeffrey FM, Storey C, Milde A, Hausler N, Merritt ME, Mulder H, Holm C, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Effect of murine strain on metabolic pathways of glucose production after brief or prolonged fasting. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 289: E53-E61 (2005).

Burnell JN, Hatch MD. Photosynthesis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 plants: pathways of C4 acid decarboxylation in bundle sheath cells of Urochloa panicoides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 260: 187-199 (1988).

Burnell JN, Hatch MD. Photosynthesis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 plants: photosynthetic activities of isolated bundle sheath cells from Urochloa panicoides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 260: 177-186 (1988).

Carnal NW, Agostino A, Hatch MD. Photosynthesis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 plants: mechanism and regulation of C-4 acid decarboxylation in bundle-sheath cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 306: 360-367 (1993).

Chapman KSR, Hatch MD. Intracellular location of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and other C4 photosynthetic enzymes in mesophyll and bundle sheath protoplasts of Panicum maximum. Plant Sci. Lett. 29: 145-154 (1983).

Chen ZH, Walker RP, Acheson RM, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase assayed at physiological concentrations of metal ions has a high affinity for CO2. Plant Physiol. 128: 160-164 (2002).

Chen ZH, Jenkins GI, Nimmo HG. pH and carbon supply control the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 1844-1850 (2008).

Chen ZH, Walker RP, Acheson RM, Tecsi LI, Wingler A, Lea PJ, Leegood RC. Are isocitrate lyase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase involved in gluconeogenesis during senescence of barley leaves and cucumber cotyledons? Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 960-967 (2000).

Chen ZH, Walker RP, Tecsi LI, Lea PJ, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cucumber plants is increased both by ammonium and by acidification, and is present in the phloem. Planta 219: 48-58 (2004).

Chia TY, Pike MJ, Rawsthorne S. Storage oil breakdown during embryo development of Brassica napus (L.). J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1285-1296 (2005).

Choi JH, Park MJ, Kim KW, Choi YH, Park SH, An WG, Yang US, Cheong J. Molecular mechanism of hypoxia-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis by transcriptional regulation. FEBS Lett. 579: 2795-2801 (2005).

Conjard A, Komaty O, Delage H, Boghossian M, Martin M, Ferrier B, Baverel G. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney - A novel mechanism of adaptation to metabolic acidosis. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 38159-38166 (2003).

de Graaf AA, Eggeling L, Sahm H. Metabolic engineering for L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 73: 9-29 (2001).

Delgado-Alvarado A, Walker RP, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in developing pea seeds is associated with tissues involved in solute transport and is nitrogen-responsive. Plant Cell Environ. 30: 225-235 (2007).

Emmerling M, Dauner M, Ponti A, Fiaux J, Hochuli M, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K, Bailey JE, Sauer U. Metabolic flux responses to pyruvate kinase knockout in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 152-164 (2002).

Encinas MV, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, Goldie H, Cardemil E. Ligand interactions and protein conformational changes of phosphopyridoxyl-labeled Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4960-4968 (2002).

Famiani F, Cultrera NG, Battistelli A, Casulli V, Proietti P, Standardi A, Chen ZH, Leegood RC, Walker RP. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and its potential role in the catabolism of organic acids in the flesh of soft fruit during ripening. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2959-2969 (2005).

Finnegan PM, Suzuki S, Ludwig M, Burnell JN. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the C4 monocot Urochloa panicoides is encoded by four differentially expressed genes. Plant Physiol. 120: 1033-1042 (1999).

Flores CL, Rodriguez C, Petit T, Gancedo C. Carbohydrate and energy-yielding metabolism in non-conventional yeasts. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24: 507-529 (2000).

Furumoto T, Hata S, Izui K. cDNA cloning and characterization of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a bundle sheath cell-specific enzyme. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 301-311 (1999).

Ghannoum O, von Caemmerer S, Conroy JP. Carbon and water economy of Australian NAD-ME and NADP-ME C4 grasses. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 213-223 (2001).

Goodridge AG. The new metabolism: molecular genetics in the analysis of metabolic regulation. FASEB J. 4: 3099-3110 (1990).

Hanson RW, Reshef L. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66: 581-611 (1997).

Hatch MD, Agostino A, Burnell JN. Photosynthesis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 plants: activity and role of mitochondria in bundle sheath cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 261: 357-367 (1988).

Hatch MD, Mau SL. Properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase operative in C4 pathway photosynthesis. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 4: 207-216 (1977).

Hausler RE, Rademacher T, Li J, Lipka V, Fischer KL, Schubert S, Kreuzaler F, Hirsch HJ. Single and double overexpression of C4-cycle genes had differential effects on the pattern of endogenous enzymes, attenuation of photorespiration and on contents of UV protectants in transgenic potato and tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1785-1803 (2001).

Hong HT, Nose A, Agarie S. Respiratory properties and malate metabolism in Percoll-purified mitochondria isolated from pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. smooth cayenne. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2201-2211 (2004).

Hong HT, Nose A, Agarie S, Yoshida T. Malate metabolism in Hoya carnosa mitochondria and its role in photosynthesis during CAM phase III. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1819-1827 (2008).

Karim Z, Attmane-Elakeb A, Bichara M. Renal handling of NH4+ in relation to the control of acid-base balance by the kidney. J. Nephrol. 15: S128-S134 (2002).

Karim Z, Szutkowska M, Vernimmen C, Bichara M. Renal handling of NH(3)/NH(4): recent concepts. Nephron Physiol. 101: p77-p81 (2005).

Klapa MI, Aon JC, Stephanopoulos G. Systematic quantification of complex metabolic flux networks using stable isotopes and mass spectrometry. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3525-3542 (2003).

Lea PJ, Chen ZH, Leegood RC, Walker RP. Does phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase have a role in both amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism? Amino Acids 20: 225-241 (2001).

Lee B, Yen J, Yang L, Liao JC. Incorporating qualitative knowledge in enzyme kinetic models using fuzzy logic. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62: 722-729 (1999).

Liao JC, Hou SY, Chao YP. Pathway analysis, engineering, and physiological considerations for redirecting central metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 52: 129-140 (1996).

Lunn JE, Hatch MD. Primary partitioning and storage of photosynthate in sucrose and starch in leaves of C4 plants. Planta 197: 385-391 (1995).

Malone S, Chen ZH, Bahrami AR, Walker RP, Gray JE, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Arabidopsis: changes in gene expression, protein and activity during vegetative and reproductive development. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 441-450 (2007).

Martin F, Ramstedt M, Soderhall K. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizas. Biochimie 69: 569-581 (1987).

Oberhuber W, Edwards GE. Temperature dependence of the linkage of quantum yield of photosystem II to CO2 fixation in C4 and C3 plants. Plant Physiol. 101: 507-512 (1993).

Park SM, Shaw-Reid C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G. Elucidation of anaplerotic pathways in Corynebacterium glutamicum via 13C-NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 47: 430-440 (1997).

Penfield S, Rylott EL, Gilday AD, Graham S, Larson TR, Graham IA. Reserve mobilization in the Arabidopsis endosperm fuels hypocotyl elongation in the dark, is independent of abscisic acid, and requires PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE1. Plant Cell 16: 2705-2718 (2004).

Peters-Wendisch PG, Wendisch VF, de Graaf AA, Eikmanns BJ, Sahm H. C3-carboxylation as an anaplerotic reaction in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum. Arch. Microbiol. 165: 387-396 (1996).

Petersen S, de Graaf AA, Eggeling L, Mollney M, Wiechert W, Sahm H. In vivo quantification of parallel and bidirectional fluxes in the anaplerosis of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 35932-35941 (2000).

Petersen S, Mack C, De Graaf AA, Riedel C, Eikmanns BJ, Sahm H. Metabolic consequences of altered phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum reveal anaplerotic regulation mechanisms in vivo. Metab. Eng. 3: 344-361 (2001).

Previs SF, Hallowell PT, Neimanis KD, David F, Brunengraber H. Limitations of the mass isotopomer distribution analysis of glucose to study gluconeogenesis. Heterogeneity of glucose labeling in incubated hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 16853-16859 (1998).

Roberts K, Granum E, Leegood RC, Raven JA. C3 and C4 pathways of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in marine diatoms are under genetic, not environmental, control. Plant Physiol. 145: 230-235 (2007).

Rylott EL, Gilday AD, Graham IA. The gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Arabidopsis is essential for seedling establishment. Plant Physiol. 131: 1834-1842 (2003).

Saez-Vasquez J, Raynal M, Delseny M. A rapeseed cold-inducible transcript encodes a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Plant Physiol. 109: 611-618 (1995).

Sauer U, Hatzimanikatis V, Bailey JE, Hochuli M, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K. Metabolic fluxes in riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis. Nat. Biotechnol. 15: 448-452 (1997).

Sauer U, Lasko DR, Fiaux J, Hochuli M, Glaser R, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K, Bailey JE. Metabolic flux ratio analysis of genetic and environmental modulations of Escherichia coli central carbon metabolism. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6679-6688 (1999).

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Stuckrath I, Lange HC, Kotter P, van Gulik WM, Entian KD, Heijnen JJ. Characterization of null mutants of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenic enzymes in S. cerevisiae through metabolic network modeling verified by chemostat cultivation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 77: 61-72 (2002).

Suzuki S, Murai N, Burnell JN, Arai M. Changes in photosynthetic carbon flow in transgenic rice plants that express C4-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Urochloa panicoides. Plant Physiol. 124: 163-172 (2000).

Tang YJ, Sapra R, Joyner D, Hazen TC, Myers S, Reichmuth D, Blanch H, Keasling JD. Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered thermophilic and ethanol-tolerant Geobacillus strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 102: 1377-1386 (2009).

Trevanion SJ, Brooks AL, Leegood RC. Control of gluconeogenesis by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. Planta 196: 653-658 (1995).

Tsuji Y, Suzuki I, Shiraiwa Y. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta): evidence for the predominant operation of the c3 cycle and the contribution of beta-carboxylases to the active anaplerotic reaction. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 318-329 (2009).

Ueno O, Kawano Y, Wakayama M, Takeda T. Leaf vascular systems in C(3) and C(4) grasses: a two-dimensional analysis. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 97: 611-621 (2006).

Ueno O, Sentoku N. Comparison of leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics of C-3 and C-4 Alloteropsis semialata subspecies. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 257-268 (2006).

Ueno O, Yoshimura Y, Sentoku N. Variation in the activity of some enzymes of photorespiratory metabolism in C4 grasses. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 96: 863-869 (2005).

Van Dien SJ, Lidstrom ME. Stoichiometric model for evaluating the metabolic capabilities of the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, with application to reconstruction of C(3) and C(4) metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78: 296-312 (2002).

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Van Winden WA, Van Gulik WM, Schipper D, Verheijen PJ, Krabben P, Vinke JL, Heijnen JJ. Metabolic flux and metabolic network analysis of Penicillium chrysogenum using 2D [13C, 1H] COSY NMR measurements and cumulative bondomer simulation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 75-92 (2003).

Vercoutere B, Durozard D, Baverel G, Martin G. Complexity of glutamine metabolism in kidney tubules from fed and fasted rats. Biochem. J. 378: 485-495 (2004).

Voznesenskaya EV, Franceschi VR, Chuong SD, Edwards GE. Functional characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 leaf anatomy: immuno-, cytochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 98: 77-91 (2006).

Walker RP, Acheson RM, Tecsi LI, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in C4 plants: its role and regulation. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 459-468 (1997).

Walker RP, Chen ZH, Acheson RM, Leegood RC. Effects of phosphorylation on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the C4 plant guinea grass. Plant Physiol. 128: 165-172 (2002).

Walker RP, Chen ZH, Johnson KE, Famiani F, Tecsi L, Leegood RC. Using immunohistochemistry to study plant metabolism: the examples of its use in the localization of amino acids in plant tissues, and of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and its possible role in pH regulation. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 565-576 (2001).

Walker RP, Chen ZH, Tecsi LI, Famiani F, Lea PJ, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase plays a role in interactions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism during grape seed development. Planta 210: 9-18 (1999).

Walker RP, Leegood RC. Purification, and phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro, of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from cucumber cotyledons. FEBS Lett. 362: 70-74 (1995).

Walker RP, Leegood RC. Phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in plants. Studies in plants with C4 photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism and in germinating seeds. Biochem. J. 317: 653-658 (1996).

Walker RP, Trevanion SJ, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from higher plants - purification from cucumber and evidence of rapid proteolytic cleavage in extracts from a range of plant tissues. Planta 196: 58-63 (1995).

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Wingler A, Walker RP, Chen ZH, Leegood RC. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is involved in the decarboxylation of aspartate in the bundle sheath of maize. Plant Physiol. 120: 539-546 (1999).

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Zamboni N, Maaheimo H, Szyperski T, Hohmann HP, Sauer UU. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase also catalyzes C(3) carboxylation at the interface of glycolysis and the TCA cycle of Bacillus subtilis. Metab. Eng. 6: 277-284 (2004).

Zhang H, Sreenivasulu N, Weschke W, Stein N, Rudd S, Radchuk V, Potokina E, Scholz U, Schweizer P, Zierold U, Langridge P, Varshney RK, Wobus U, Graner A. Large-scale analysis of the barley transcriptome based on expressed sequence tags. Plant J. 40: 276-290 (2004).

Number of references = 87

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