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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, oil and synthesis

Abbadi A, Brummel M, Spener F. Knockout of the regulatory site of 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III enhances short- and medium-chain acyl-ACP synthesis. Plant J. 24: 1-9 (2000).

Abbadi A, Domergue F, Bauer J, Napier JA, Welti R, Zahringer U, Cirpus P, Heinz E. Biosynthesis of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic oilseeds: constraints on their accumulation. Plant Cell 16: 2734-2748 (2004).

Agrawal GK, Hajduch M, Graham K, Thelen JJ. In-depth investigation of soybean seed-filling proteome and comparison with a parallel study of rapeseed. Plant Physiol. 148: 504-518 (2008).

Allen DK, Ohlrogge JB, Shachar-Hill Y. The role of light in soybean seed filling metabolism. Plant J. 58: 220-234 (2009).

Alonso AP, Goffman FD, Ohlrogge JB, Shachar-Hill Y. Carbon conversion efficiency and central metabolic fluxes in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) embryos. Plant J. 52: 296-308 (2007).

Andre C, Froehlich JE, Moll MR, Benning C. A heteromeric plastidic pyruvate kinase complex involved in seed oil biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 2006-2022 (2007).

Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Nakazawa Y, Kobayashi A. In-situ chemical analyses of trans-polyisoprene by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Planta 215: 934-939 (2002).

Banilas G, Nikiforiadis A, Makariti I, Moressis A, Hatzopoulos P. Discrete roles of a microsomal linoleate desaturase gene in olive identified by spatiotemporal transcriptional analysis. Tree Physiol. 27: 481-490 (2007).

Bao X, Ohlrogge J. Supply of fatty acid is one limiting factor in the accumulation of triacylglycerol in developing embryos. Plant Physiol. 120: 1057-1062 (1999).

Barker GC, Larson TR, Graham IA, Lynn JR, King GJ. Novel insights into seed fatty acid synthesis and modification pathways from genetic diversity and quantitative trait Loci analysis of the brassica C genome. Plant Physiol. 144: 1827-1842 (2007).

Bates PD, Durrett TP, Ohlrogge JB, Pollard M. Analysis of acyl fluxes through multiple pathways of triacylglycerol synthesis in developing soybean embryos. Plant Physiol. 150: 55-72 (2009).

Baud S, Mendoza MS, To A, Harscoet E, Lepiniec L, Dubreucq B. WRINKLED1 specifies the regulatory action of LEAFY COTYLEDON2 towards fatty acid metabolism during seed maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 50: 825-838 (2007).

Baud S, Wuilleme S, Dubreucq B, de Almeida A, Vuagnat C, Lepiniec L, Miquel M, Rochat C. Function of plastidial pyruvate kinases in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 52: 405-419 (2007).

Bennett R, Donald A, Dawson G, Hick A, Wallsgrove R. Aldoxime-forming microsomal enzyme systems involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves. Plant Physiol. 102: 1307-1312 (1993).

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Bloem E, Riemenschneider A, Volker J, Papenbrock J, Schmidt A, Salac I, Haneklaus S, Schnug E. Sulphur supply and infection with Pyrenopeziza brassicae influence L-cysteine desulphydrase activity in Brassica napus L. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2305-2312 (2004).

Bourgis F, Kader JC, Barret P, Renard M, Robinson D, Robinson C, Delseny M, Roscoe TJ. A plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from oilseed rape. Plant Physiol. 120: 913-922 (1999).

Bouwmeester HJ, Gershenzon J, Konings MC, Croteau R. Biosynthesis of the monoterpenes limonene and carvone in the fruit of caraway. I. Demonstration of enzyme activities and their changes with development. Plant Physiol. 117: 901-912 (1998).

Cahoon EB, Marillia EF, Stecca KL, Hall SE, Taylor DC, Kinney AJ. Production of fatty acid components of meadowfoam oil in somatic soybean embryos. Plant Physiol. 124: 243-252 (2000).

Cahoon EB, Ripp KG, Hall SE, McGonigle B. Transgenic production of epoxy fatty acids by expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme from Euphorbia lagascae seed. Plant Physiol. 128: 615-624 (2002).

Cahoon EB, Shockey JM, Dietrich CR, Gidda SK, Mullen RT, Dyer JM. Engineering oilseeds for sustainable production of industrial and nutritional feedstocks: solving bottlenecks in fatty acid flux. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10: 236-244 (2007).

Carrier P, Baryla A, Havaux M. Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) after long-term growth on cadmium-contaminated soil. Planta 216: 939-950 (2003).

Celenza JL. Metabolism of tyrosine and tryptophan - new genes for old pathways. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4: 234-240 (2001).

Cernac A, Andre C, Hoffmann-Benning S, Benning C. WRI1 is required for seed germination and seedling establishment. Plant Physiol. 141: 745-757 (2006).

Cernac A, Benning C. WRINKLED1 encodes an AP2/EREB domain protein involved in the control of storage compound biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 40: 575-585 (2004).

Chakauya E, Coxon KM, Wei M, Macdonald MV, Barsby T, Abell C, Smith AG. Towards engineering increased pantothenate (vitamin B(5)) levels in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 68: 493-503 (2008).

Chen M, Mooney BP, Hajduch M, Joshi T, Zhou M, Xu D, Thelen JJ. System analysis of an Arabidopsis mutant altered in de novo fatty acid synthesis reveals diverse changes in seed composition and metabolism. Plant Physiol. 150: 27-41 (2009).

Chia TY, Pike MJ, Rawsthorne S. Storage oil breakdown during embryo development of Brassica napus (L.). J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1285-1296 (2005).

Conde C, Agasse A, Silva P, Lemoine R, Delrot S, Tavares R, Geros H. OeMST2 encodes a monosaccharide transporter expressed throughout olive fruit maturation. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 1299-1308 (2007).

daSilva PMFR, Eastmond PJ, Hill LM, Smith AM, Rawsthorne S. Starch metabolism in developing embryos of oilseed rape. Planta 203: 480-487 (1997).

Datko AH, Aksamit RR, Mudd SH. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the rat - the substrate for methylation and regulation by choline. Lipids 25: 135-142 (1990).

Dayan FE, Duke SO, Sauldubois A, Singh N, McCurdy C, Cantrell C. p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is a herbicidal target site for beta-triketones from Leptospermum scoparium. Phytochemistry 68: 2004-2014 (2007).

Dayan FE, Howell J, Weidenhamer JD. Dynamic root exudation of sorgoleone and its in planta mechanism of action. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 2107-2117 (2009).

Dehesh K, Edwards P, Hayes T, Cranmer AM, Fillatti J. Two novel thioesterases are key determinants of the bimodal distribution of acyl chain length of Cuphea palustris seed oil. Plant Physiol. 110: 203-210 (1996).

Dehesh K, Tai H, Edwards P, Byrne J, Jaworski JG. Overexpression of 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase IIIs in plants reduces the rate of lipid synthesis. Plant Physiol. 125: 1103-1114 (2001).

Dunphy PJ. Location and biosynthesis of monoterpenyl fatty acyl esters in rose petals. Phytochemistry 67: 1110-1119 (2006).

Durrett TP, Benning C, Ohlrogge J. Plant triacylglycerols as feedstocks for the production of biofuels. Plant J. 54: 593-607 (2008).

Eastmond PJ, Rawsthorne S. Coordinate changes in carbon partitioning and plastidial metabolism during the development of oilseed rape embryos. Plant Physiol. 122: 767-774 (2000).

Eccleston VS, Ohlrogge JB. Expression of lauroyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase in Brassica napus seeds induces pathways for both fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis and implies a set point for triacylglycerol accumulation. Plant Cell 10: 613-622 (1998).

Eckardt NA. Peroxisomal citrate synthase provides exit route from fatty acid metabolism in oilseeds. Plant Cell 17: 1863-1865 (2005).

Eckert H, Lavallee B, Schweiger BJ, Kinney AJ, Cahoon EB, Clemente T. Co-expression of the borage Delta(6) desaturase and the Arabidopsis Delta(15) desaturase results in high accumulation of stearidonic acid in the seeds of transgenic soybean. Planta 224: 1050-1057 (2006).

Ekman A, Hayden DM, Dehesh K, Bulow L, Stymne S. Carbon partitioning between oil and carbohydrates in developing oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 4247-4257 (2008).

Falk KL, Behal RH, Xiang C, Oliver DJ. Metabolic bypass of the tricarboxylic acid cycle during lipid mobilization in germinating oilseeds. Regulation of NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase versus fumarase. Plant Physiol. 117: 473-481 (1998).

Feria AB, Alvarez R, Cochereau L, Vidal J, Garcia-Maurino S, Echevarria C. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphorylation by metabolites and ABA during the development and germination of barley seeds. Plant Physiol. 148: 761-774 (2008).

Fox SR, Rawsthorne S, Hills MJ. Fatty acid synthesis in pea root plastids is inhibited by the action of long-chain acyl-coenzyme As on metabolite transporters. Plant Physiol. 126: 1259-1265 (2001).

Fraser TC, Qi B, Elhussein S, Chatrattanakunchai S, Stobart AK, Lazarus CM. Expression of the isochrysis c18-delta9 polyunsaturated fatty acid specific elongase component alters Arabidopsis glycerolipid profiles. Plant Physiol. 135: 859-866 (2004).

Fujisawa M, Watanabe M, Choi SK, Teramoto M, Ohyama K, Misawa N. Enrichment of carotenoids in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) by metabolic engineering with introduction of bacterial phytoene synthase gene crtB. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 105: 636-641 (2008).

Galili G, Sengupta-Gopalan C, Ceriotti A. The endoplasmic reticulum of plant cells and its role in protein maturation and biogenesis of oil bodies. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 1-29 (1998).

Gang DR, Wang J, Dudareva N, Nam KH, Simon JE, Lewinsohn E, Pichersky E. An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil. Plant Physiol. 125: 539-555 (2001).

Gilliland LU, Magallanes-Lundback M, Hemming C, Supplee A, Koornneef M, Bentsink L, DellaPenna D. Genetic basis for natural variation in seed vitamin E levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 18834-18841 (2006).

Goffman FD, Alonso AP, Schwender J, Shachar-Hill Y, Ohlrogge JB. Light enables a very high efficiency of carbon storage in developing embryos of rapeseed. Plant Physiol. 138: 2269-2279 (2005).

Graham IA, Larson T, Napier JA. Rational metabolic engineering of transgenic plants for biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturates. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18: 142-147 (2007).

Guo Y, Mietkiewska E, Francis T, Katavic V, Brost JM, Giblin M, Barton DL, Taylor DC. Increase in nervonic acid content in transformed yeast and transgenic plants by introduction of a Lunaria annua L. 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 69: 565-575 (2009).

Hajduch M, Ganapathy A, Stein JW, Thelen JJ. A systematic proteomic study of seed filling in soybean. Establishment of high-resolution two-dimensional reference maps, expression profiles, and an interactive proteome database. Plant Physiol. 137: 1397-1419 (2005).

Harker M, Hellyer A, Clayton JC, Duvoix A, Lanot A, Safford R. Co-ordinate regulation of sterol biosynthesis enzyme activity during accumulation of sterols in developing rape and tobacco seed. Planta 216: 707-715 (2003).

Harris LJ, Saparno A, Johnston A, Prisic S, Xu M, Allard S, Kathiresan A, Ouellet T, Peters RJ. The maize An2 gene is induced by Fusarium attack and encodes an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 881-894 (2005).

Hasan M, Friedt W, Pons-Kuhnemann J, Freitag NM, Link K, Snowdon RJ. Association of gene-linked SSR markers to seed glucosinolate content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. napus). Theor. Appl. Genet. 10: 3070-3081 (2008).

Hauvermale A, Kuner J, Rosenzweig B, Guerra D, Diltz S, Metz JG. Fatty acid production in Schizochytrium sp.: involvement of a polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase and a type I fatty acid synthase. Lipids 41: 739-747 (2006).

Hernandez ML, Guschina IA, Martinez-Rivas JM, Mancha M, Harwood JL. The utilization and desaturation of oleate and linoleate during glycerolipid biosynthesis in olive (Olea europaea L.) callus cultures. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2425-2435 (2008).

Hernandez-Sebastia C, Marsolais F, Saravitz C, Israel D, Dewey RE, Huber SC. Free amino acid profiles suggest a possible role for asparagine in the control of storage-product accumulation in developing seeds of low- and high-protein soybean lines. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1951-1963 (2005).

Hills MJ. Control of storage-product synthesis in seeds. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7: 302-308 (2004).

Hoang CV, Chapman KD. Biochemical and molecular inhibition of plastidial carbonic anhydrase reduces the incorporation of acetate into lipids in cotton embryos and tobacco cell suspensions and leaves. Plant Physiol. 128: 1417-1427 (2002).

Hobbs DH, Flintham JE, Hills MJ. Genetic control of storage oil synthesis in seeds of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 136: 3341-3349 (2004).

Hoffmann M, Wagner M, Abbadi A, Fulda M, Feussner I. Metabolic engineering of omega 3-very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production by an exclusively acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 22352-22362 (2008).

Houmiel KL, Slater S, Broyles D, Casagrande L, Colburn S, Gonzalez K, Mitsky TA, Reiser SE, Shah D, Taylor NB, Tran M, Valentin HE, Gruys KJ. Poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) production in oilseed leukoplasts of Brassica napus. Planta 209: 547-550 (1999).

Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, Jarvis E, Ghirardi M, Posewitz M, Seibert M, Darzins A. Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. Plant J. 54: 621-639 (2008).

Huang J, Rozwadowski K, Bhinu VS, Schafer U, Hannoufa A. Manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in Arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 647-654 (2008).

Hutchings D, Rawsthorne S, Emes MJ. Fatty acid synthesis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Exp. Bot. 56: 577-585 (2005).

Iyer VV, Sriram G, Fulton DB, Zhou R, Westgate ME, Shanks JV. Metabolic flux maps comparing the effect of temperature on protein and oil biosynthesis in developing soybean cotyledons. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 506-517 (2008).

Jadhav A, Katavic V, Marillia EF, Michael Giblin E, Barton DL, Kumar A, Sonntag C, Babic V, Keller WA, Taylor DC. Increased levels of erucic acid in Brassica carinata by co-suppression and antisense repression of the endogenous FAD2 gene. Metab. Eng. 7: 215-220 (2005).

Jadhav AS, Taylor DC, Giblin M, Ferrie AM, Ambrose SJ, Ross AR, Nelson KM, Irina Zaharia L, Sharma N, Anderson M, Fobert PR, Abrams SR. Hormonal regulation of oil accumulation in Brassica seeds: metabolism and biological activity of ABA, 7'-, 8'- and 9'-hydroxy ABA in microspore derived embryos of B. napus. Phytochemistry 69: 2678-2688 (2008).

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Jones CG, Ghisalberti EL, Plummer JA, Barbour EL. Quantitative co-occurrence of sesquiterpenes; a tool for elucidating their biosynthesis in Indian sandalwood, Santalum album. Phytochemistry 67: 2463-2468 (2006).

Karim Z, Attmane-Elakeb A, Bichara M. Renal handling of NH4+ in relation to the control of acid-base balance by the kidney. J. Nephrol. 15: S128-S134 (2002).

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Katsuyama Y, Matsuzawa M, Funa N, Horinouchi S. Production of curcuminoids by Escherichia coli carrying an artificial biosynthesis pathway. Microbiology 154: 2620-2628 (2008).

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Lu C, Hills MJ. Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diacylglycerol acyltransferase display increased sensitivity to abscisic acid, sugars, and osmotic stress during germination and seedling development. Plant Physiol. 129: 1352-1358 (2002).

Lu CL, de Noyer SB, Hobbs DH, Kang J, Wen Y, Krachtus D, Hills MJ. Expression pattern of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, an enzyme involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 31-41 (2003).

Lu X, Vora H, Khosla C. Overproduction of free fatty acids in E. coli: implications for biodiesel production. Metab. Eng. 10: 333-339 (2008).

Lucker J, El Tamer MK, Schwab W, Verstappen FW, van der Plas LH, Bouwmeester HJ, Verhoeven HA. Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon). cDNA isolation and functional analysis of four monoterpene synthases. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3160-3171 (2002).

Mahmoud SS, Williams M, Croteau R. Cosuppression of limonene-3-hydroxylase in peppermint promotes accumulation of limonene in the essential oil. Phytochemistry 65: 547-554 (2004).

Marillia EF, Micallef BJ, Micallef M, Weninger A, Pedersen KK, Zou J, Taylor DC. Biochemical and physiological studies of Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines with repressed expression of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 259-270 (2003).

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Mekhedov S, Cahoon EB, Ohlrogge J. An unusual seed-specific 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase associated with the biosynthesis of petroselinic acid in coriander. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 507-518 (2001).

Menard R, Larue JP, Silue D, Thouvenot D. Glucosinolates in cauliflower as biochemical markers for resistance against downy mildew. Phytochemistry 52: 29-35 (1999).

Merkel U, Rathke GW, Schuster C, Warnstorff K, Diepenbrock W. Use of glufosinate-ammonium to control cruciferous weed species in glufosinate-resistant winter oilseed rape. Field Crop. Res. 85: 237-249 (2004).

Metz JG, Kuner J, Rosenzweig B, Lippmeier JC, Roessler P, Zirkle R. Biochemical characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium: release of the products as free fatty acids. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47: 472-478 (2009).

Metz JG, Pollard MR, Anderson L, Hayes TR, Lassner MW. Purification of a jojoba embryo fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase and expression of its cDNA in high erucic acid rapeseed. Plant Physiol. 122: 635-644 (2000).

Mietkiewska E, Giblin EM, Wang S, Barton DL, Dirpaul J, Brost JM, Katavic V, Taylor DC. Seed-specific heterologous expression of a Nasturtium FAE gene in Arabidopsis results in a dramatic increase in the proportion of erucic acid. Plant Physiol. 136: 2665-2675 (2004).

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Muangprom A, Thomas SG, Sun TP, Osborn TC. A novel dwarfing mutation in a green revolution gene from Brassica rapa. Plant Physiol. 137: 931-938 (2005).

Munoz-Bertomeu J, Arrillaga I, Ros R, Segura J. Up-regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase enhances production of essential oils in transgenic spike lavender. Plant Physiol. 142: 890-900 (2006).

Munoz-Bertomeu J, Ros R, Arrillaga I, Segura J. Expression of spearmint limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves. Metab. Eng. 10: 166-177 (2008).

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