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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, ornithine decarboxylase

Alabadi D, Aguero MS, Perez-Amador MA, Carbonell J. Arginase, arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and polyamines in tomato ovaries. Changes in unpollinated ovaries and parthenocarpic fruits induced by auxin or gibberellin. Plant Physiol. 112: 1237-1244 (1996).

Alabadi D, Carbonell J. Expression of ornithine decarboxylase is transiently increased by pollination, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and gibberellic acid in tomato ovaries. Plant Physiol. 118: 323-328 (1998).

Allen JC. Biochemistry of the polyamines. Cell Biochem. Funct. 1: 131-140 (1983).

Andersen SE, Bastola DR, Minocha SC. Metabolism of polyamines in transgenic cells of carrot expressing a mouse ornithine decarboxylase cDNA. Plant Physiol. 116: 299-307 (1998).

Antognoni F, Fornale S, Grimmer C, Komor E, Bagni N. Long-distance translocation of polyamines in phloem and xylem of Ricinus communis L. plants. Planta 204: 520-527 (1998).

Arst HN Jr. Some genetical aspects of ornithine metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol. Gen. Genet. 151: 105-110 (1977).

Bae H, Kim SH, Kim MS, Sicher RC, Lary D, Strem MD, Natarajan S, Bailey BA. The drought response of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and the regulation of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis by drought and other stresses. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 174-188 (2008).

Bagni N, Tassoni A. Biosynthesis, oxidation and conjugation of aliphatic polyamines in higher plants. Amino Acids 20: 301-317 (2001).

Bailey BA, Bae H, Strem MD, Roberts DP, Thomas SE, Crozier J, Samuels GJ, Choi IY, Holmes KA. Fungal and plant gene expression during the colonization of cacao seedlings by endophytic isolates of four Trichoderma species. Planta 224: 1449-1464 (2006).

Bastola DR, Minocha SC. Increased putrescine biosynthesis through transfer of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cDNA in carrot promotes somatic embryogenesis. Plant Physiol. 109: 63-71 (1995).

Belbahri L, Chevalier L, Bensaddek L, Gillet F, Fliniaux MA, Boerjan W, Inze D, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Different expression of an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in transgenic tobacco callus modifies alkaloid biosynthesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 69: 11-20 (2000).

Bell E, Malmberg RL. Analysis of a cDNA encoding arginine decarboxylase from oat reveals similarity to the Escherichia coli arginine decarboxlase and evidence of protein processing. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 431-436 (1990).

Belles JM, Perez-Amador MA, Carbonell J, Conejero V. Correlation between ornithine decarboxylase and putrescine in tomato plants infected by Citrus exocortis viroid or treated with ethephon. Plant Physiol. 102: 933-937 (1993).

Bertoldi D, Tassoni A, Martinelli L, Bagni N. Polyamines and somatic embryogenesis in two Vitis vinifera cultivars. Physiol. Plant. 120: 657-666 (2004).

Bertoldi M, Carbone V, Borri Voltattorni C. Ornithine and glutamate decarboxylases catalyse an oxidative deamination of their alpha-methyl substrates. Biochem. J. 342: 509-512 (1999).

Bhatnagar P, Glasheen BM, Bains SK, Long SL, Minocha R, Walter C, Minocha SC. Transgenic manipulation of the metabolism of polyamines in poplar cells. Plant Physiol. 125: 2139-2153 (2001).

Bhatnagar P, Minocha R, Minocha SC. Genetic manipulation of the metabolism of polyamines in poplar cells. The regulation of putrescine catabolism. Plant Physiol. 128: 1455-1469 (2002).

Biasi R, Falasca G, Speranza A, De Stradis A, Scoccianti V, Franceschetti M, Bagni N, Altamura MM. Biochemical and ultrastructural features related to male sterility in the dioecious species Actinidia deliciosa. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39: 395-406 (2001).

Biondi S, Fornale S, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Eeva M, Agostani S, Bagni N. Jasmonates induce over-accumulation of methylputrescine and conjugated polyamines in Hyoscyamus muticus L. root cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 19: 691-697 (2000).

Birkholtz LM, Wrenger C, Joubert F, Wells GA, Walter RD, Louw AI. Parasite-specific inserts in the bifunctional S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/ornithine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum modulate catalytic activities and domain interactions. Biochem. J. 377: 439-448 (2004).

Bitonti AJ, McCann PP, Sjoerdsma A. Restriction of bacterial growth by inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by using monofluoromethylornithine, difluoromethylarginine and dicyclohexylammonium sulphate. Biochem. J. 208: 435-441 (1982).

Burtin D, Michael AJ. Overexpression of arginine decarboxylase in transgenic plants. Biochem. J. 325: 331-337 (1997).

Capell T, Bassie L, Topsom L, Hitchin E, Christou P. Simultaneous reduction of the activity of two related enzymes, involved in early steps of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, by a single antisense cDNA in transgenic rice. Mol. Gen. Genet. 264: 470-476 (2000).

Cataldi AA, Algranati ID. A probable new pathway for the biosynthesis of putrescine in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 234: 617-622 (1986).

Chattopadhyay MK, Murakami Y, Matsufuji S. Antizyme regulates the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Study in the spe2 knockout strains. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 21235-21241 (2001).

Chen H, MacDonald A, Coffino P. Structural elements of antizymes 1 and 2 required for proteasomal degradation of ornithine decarboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 45957-45961 (2002).

Chen KY, Cheng S. Polyamine metabolism in an obligately alkalophilic Bacillus alcalophilus that grows at pH 11.0. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150: 185-191 (1988).

Chintapakorn Y, Hamill JD. Antisense-mediated reduction in ADC activity causes minor alterations in the alkaloid profile of cultured hairy roots and regenerated transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 68: 2465-2479 (2007).

Coffino P. Regulation of cellular polyamines by antizyme. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2: 188-194 (2001).

Coffino P. Antizyme, a mediator of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. Biochimie 83: 319-323 (2001).

Cohen E, Heimer YM, Mizrahi Y. Ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase activities in meristematic tissue of tomato and potato plants. Plant Physiol. 70: 544-546 (1982).

Condon S, Collins JK, O'donovan GA. Regulation of arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida. J. Gen. Microbiol. 92: 375-383 (1976).

Cowley T, Walters DR. Polyamine metabolism in barley reacting hypersensitively to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 461-468 (2002).

Cunningham-Rundles S, Maas WK. Isolation, characterization, and mapping of Escherichia coli mutants blocked in the synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase. J. Bacteriol. 124: 791-799 (1975).

Davis RH, Ristow JL. Osmotic effects on the polyamine pathway of Neurospora crassa. Exp. Mycol. 19: 314-319 (1995).

De Luca V, Marineau C, Brisson N. Molecular cloning and analysis of cDNA encoding a plant tryptophan decarboxylase: comparison with animal dopa decarboxylases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 2582-2586 (1989).

Eichler W. Inhibition of L-arginine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.3.6) from Tetrahymena thermophila by putrescine and spermidine: feedback control of polyamine biosynthesis. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 370: 1127-1131 (1989).

Eichler W. Properties of purified L-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) from Tetrahymena thermophila. J. Protozool. 36: 577-582 (1989).

Fornale S, Sarjala T, Bagni N. Endogenous polyamine content and metabolism in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. New Phytol. 143: 581-587 (1999).

Fos M, Proano K, Alabadi D, Nuez F, Carbonell J, Garcia-Martinez JL. Polyamine metabolism is altered in unpollinated parthenocarpic pat-2 tomato ovaries. Plant Physiol. 131: 359-366 (2003).

Galston AW, Sawhney RK. Polyamines in plant physiology. Plant Physiol. 94: 406-410 (1990).

Gamarnik A, Frydman R. Cadaverine, an essential diamine for the normal root development of germinating soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Plant Physiol. 97: 778-785 (1991).

Gandre S, Bercovich Z, Kahana C. Ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme is rapidly degraded through a mechanism that requires functional ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1316-1322 (2002).

Gemperlova L, Novakova M, Vankova R, Eder J, Cvikrova M. Diurnal changes in polyamine content, arginine and ornithine decarboxylase, and diamine oxidase in tobacco leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1413-1421 (2006).

Gohda E, Takigawa M, Inoue H, Kato Y, Daikuhara Y, Takeda Y. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis and proliferation in mouse L cells by DL-alpha-hydrazino-delta-aminovaleric acid, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 94: 97-106 (1983).

Grotewold E, Aisemberg GO, Taccioli GE, Judewicz ND. Genes responsive to the alteration of polyamine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 14: 69-78 (1990).

Guevara-Olvera L, Calvo-Mendez C, Ruiz-Herrera J. The role of polyamine metabolism in dimorphism of Yarrowia lipolytica. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 485-493 (1993).

Guevara-Olvera L, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Ruiz-Herrera J. Cloning and disruption of the ornithine decarboxylase gene of Ustilago maydis: evidence for a role of polyamines in its dimorphic transition. Microbiology 143: 2237-2245 (1997).

Guirard BM, Snell EE. Purification and properties of ornithine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus sp. 30a. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 5960-5964 (1980).

Gupta R, Hamasaki-Katagiri N, White Tabor C, Tabor H. Effect of spermidine on the in vivo degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 10620-10623 (2001).

Hafner EW, Tabor CW, Tabor H. Mutants of Escherichia coli that do not contain 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) or spermidine. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 12419-12426 (1979).

Halmekyto M, Alhonen L, Alakuijala L, Janne J. Transgenic mice over-producing putrescine in their tissues do not convert the diamine into higher polyamines. Biochem. J. 291: 505-508 (1993).

Hanfrey C, Sommer S, Mayer MJ, Burtin D, Michael AJ. Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthesis: absence of ornithine decarboxylase and the mechanism of arginine decarboxylase activity. Plant J. 27: 551-560 (2001).

Hanzawa Y, Imai A, Michael AJ, Komeda Y, Takahashi T. Characterization of the spermidine synthase-related gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 527: 176-180 (2002).

Hao YJ, Kitashiba H, Honda C, Nada K, Moriguchi T. Expression of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase genes in apple cells and stressed shoots. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1105-1115 (2005).

Heller JS, Rostomily R, Kyriakidis DA, Canellakis ES. Regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by basic proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 5181-5184 (1983).

Herbst EJ, Elliot QD. Role of polyamines in HeLa cell proliferation. Med. Biol. 59: 410-416 (1981).

Holtta E, Pohjanpelto P. Polyamine dependence of Chinese hamster ovary cells in serum-free culture is due to deficient arginase activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 721: 321-327 (1982).

Huai Q, Xia Y, Chen Y, Callahan B, Li N, Ke H. Crystal structures of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase in complex with aminoethoxyvinylglycine and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate provide new insight into catalytic mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 38210-38216 (2001).

Huang SC, Panagiotidis CA, Canellakis ES. Transcriptional effects of polyamines on ribosomal proteins and on polyamine-synthesizing enzymes in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87: 3464-3468 (1990).

Hummel I, Couee I, El Amrani A, Martin-Tanguy J, Hennion F. Involvement of polyamines in root development at low temperature in the subantarctic cruciferous species Pringlea antiscorbutica. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1463-1473 (2002).

Huynh TT, Huynh VT, Harmon MA, Phillips MA. Gene knockdown of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase by RNAi in the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei demonstrates that it is an essential enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 39794-39800 (2003).

Ikeguchi Y, Wang X, McCloskey DE, Coleman CS, Nelson P, Hu G, Shantz LM, Pegg AE. Characterization of transgenic mice with widespread overexpression of spermine synthase. Biochem. J. 381: 701-707 (2004).

Illingworth C, Mayer MJ, Elliott K, Hanfrey C, Walton NJ, Michael AJ. The diverse bacterial origins of the Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthetic pathway. FEBS Lett. 549: 26-30 (2003).

Imanishi S, Hashizume K, Nakakita M, Kojima H, Matsubayashi Y, Hashimoto T, Sakagami Y, Yamada Y, Nakamura K. Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 1101-1111 (1998).

Isupov MN, Antson AA, Dodson EJ, Dodson GG, Dementieva IS, Zakomirdina LN, Wilson KS, Dauter Z, Lebedev AA, Harutyunyan EH. Crystal structure of tryptophanase. J. Mol. Biol. 276: 603-623 (1998).

Jang EK, Min KH, Kim SH, Nam SH, Zhang S, Kim YC, Cho BH, Yang KY. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the signaling for polyamine biosynthesis in tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 658-664 (2009).

Janne J, Alhonen L, Leinonen P. Polyamines: from molecular biology to clinical applications. Ann. Med. 23: 241-259 (1991).

Janne J, Alhonen L, Pietila M, Keinanen TA. Genetic approaches to the cellular functions of polyamines in mammals. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 877-894 (2004).

Kahana C, Nathans D. Translational regulation of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase by polyamines. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 15390-15393 (1985).

Kashiwagi K. Polyamine transport in Escherichia coli and eukaryotic cells. Yakugaku Zasshi 116: 175-191 (1996).

Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Adjustment of polyamine contents in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 170: 3131-3135 (1988).

Kaur-Sawhney R, Shih LM, Flores HE, Galston AW. Relation of polyamine synthesis and titer to aging and senescence in oat leaves. Plant Physiol. 69: 405-410 (1982).

Kaur-Sawhney R, Shih LM, Galston AW. Relation of polyamine biosynthesis to the initiation of sprouting in potato tubers. Plant Physiol. 69: 411-415 (1982).

Kim BG, Sobota A, Bitonti AJ, McCann PP, Byers TJ. Polyamine metabolism in Acanthamoeba: polyamine content and synthesis of ornithine, putrescine, and diaminopropane. J. Protozool. 34: 278-284 (1987).

Klein RD, Geary TG, Gibson AS, Favreau MA, Winterrowd CA, Upton SJ, Keithly JS, Zhu G, Malmberg RL, Martinez MP, Yarlett N. Reconstitution of a bacterial/plant polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 145: 301-307 (1999).

Kochhar S, Mehta PK, Christen P. Assay for aliphatic amino acid decarboxylases by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 179: 182-185 (1989).

Krause T, Luersen K, Wrenger C, Gilberger TW, Muller S, Walter RD. The ornithine decarboxylase domain of the bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase/S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum: recombinant expression and catalytic properties of two different constructs. Biochem. J. 352: 287-292 (2000).

Kyriakidis DA, Heller JS, Canellakis ES. Modulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in Escherichia coli by positive and negative effectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 4699-4703 (1978).

Lee IS, Muragaki Y, Ideguchi T, Hase T, Tsuji M, Ooshima A, Okuno E, Kido R. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 from rat kidney. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117: 856-862 (1995).

Lee YS, Cho YD. Identification of essential active-site residues in ornithine decarboxylase of Nicotiana glutinosa decarboxylating both L-ornithine and L-lysine. Biochem. J. 360: 657-665 (2001).

Lepri O, Bassie L, Safwat G, Thu-Hang P, Trung-Nghia P, Holtta E, Christou P, Capell T. Over-expression of a cDNA for human ornithine decarboxylase in transgenic rice plants alters the polyamine pool in a tissue-specific manner. Mol. Genet. Genomics 266: 303-312 (2001).

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Murakami Y, Matsufuji S, Miyazaki Y, Hayashi S. Forced expression of antizyme abolishes ornithine decarboxylase activity, suppresses cellular levels of polyamines and inhibits cell growth. Biochem. J. 304: 183-187 (1994).

Niemi K, Sutela S, Haggman H, Scagel C, Vuosku J, Jokela A, Sarjala T. Changes in polyamine content and localization of Pinus sylvestris ADC and Suillus variegatus ODC mRNA transcripts during the formation of mycorrhizal interaction in an in vitro cultivation system. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2795-2804 (2006).

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Pohjanpelto P, Holtta E, Janne OA. Mutant strain of Chinese hamster ovary cells with no detectable ornithine decarboxylase activity. Mol. Cell Biol. 5: 1385-1390 (1985).

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Tassoni A, Watkins CB, Davies PJ. Inhibition of the ethylene response by 1-MCP in tomato suggests that polyamines are not involved in delaying ripening, but may moderate the rate of ripening or over-ripening. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3313-3325 (2006).

Theiss C, Bohley P, Voigt J. Regulation by polyamines of ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell division in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 128: 1470-1479 (2002).

Thomas T, Thomas TJ. Polyamine metabolism and cancer. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 7: 113-126 (2003).

Thomas T, Thomas TJ. Polyamines in cell growth and cell death: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 58: 244-258 (2001).

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Tiburcio AF, Kaur-Sawhney R, Ingersoll RB, Galston AW. Correlation between polyamines and pyrrolidine alkaloids in developing tobacco callus. Plant Physiol. 78: 323-326 (1985).

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Tkachenko AG, Chudinov AA, Churilova NS. The role of intracellular pool of polyamines in the regulation of metabolism in Escherichia coli during aerobic-anaerobic transitions. Mikrobiologiia 58: 709-715 (1989).

Torrigiani P, Rabiti AL, Bortolotti C, Betti L, Marani F, Canova A, Bagni N. Polyamine synthesis and accumulation in the hypersensitive response to TMV in Nicotiana tabacum. New Phytol. 135: 467-473 (1997).

Tramonti A, De Biase D, Giartosio A, Bossa F, John RA. The roles of His-167 and His-275 in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 1939-1945 (1998).

Trebbi G, Borghini F, Lazzarato L, Torrigiani P, Calzoni GL, Betti L. Extremely low frequency weak magnetic fields enhance resistance of NN tobacco plants to tobacco mosaic virus and elicit stress-related biochemical activities. Bioelectromagnetics 28: 214-223 (2007).

Trung-Nghia P, Bassie L, Safwat G, Thu-Hang P, Lepri O, Rocha P, Christou P, Capell T. Reduction in the endogenous arginine decarboxylase transcript levels in rice leads to depletion of the putrescine and spermidine pools with no concomitant changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Planta 218: 125-134 (2003).

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David Rhodes
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