Abbes Z, Kharrat M, Delavault P, Chaibi W, Simier P. Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47: 153-159 (2009).

Abebe T, Guenzi AC, Martin B, Cushman JC. Tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic wheat to water stress and salinity. Plant Physiol. 131: 1748-1755 (2003).

Ackerson RC. Osmoregulation in cotton in response to water stress. II. Leaf carbohydrate status in relation to osmotic adjustment. Plant Physiol. 67: 489-493 (1981).

Adams MA, Richter A, Hill AK, Colmer TD. Salt tolerance in Eucalyptus spp.: identity and response of putative osmolytes. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 772-787 (2005).

Alarcon JJ, Sanchez-Blanco MJ, Bolarin MC, Torrecillas A. Growth and osmotic adjustment of two tomato cultivars during and after saline stress. Plant & Soil 166: 75-82 (1994).

Alian A, Altman A, Heuer B. Genotypic difference in salinity and water stress tolerance of fresh market tomato cultivars. Plant Sci. 152: 59-65 (2000).

Allard F, Houde M, Krol M, Ivanov A, Huner NPA, Sarhan F. Betaine improves freezing tolerance in wheat. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 1194-1202 (1998).

Alvim FC, Carolino SM, Cascardo JC, Nunes CC, Martinez CA, Otoni WC, Fontes EP. Enhanced accumulation of BiP in transgenic plants confers tolerance to water stress. Plant Physiol. 126: 1042-1054 (2001).

Arndt SK, Clifford SC, Wanek W, Jones HG, Popp M. Physiological and morphological adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiol. 21: 705-715 (2001).

Ashraf M, Bashir A. Salt stress induced changes in some organic metabolites and ionic relations in nodules and other plant parts of two crop legumes differing in salt tolerance. Flora 198: 486-498 (2003).

Aziz A, Larher F. Changes in polyamine titers associated with the proline response and osmotic adjustment of rape leaf discs submitted to osmotic stress. Plant Sci. 112: 175-186 (1995).

Bahaji A, Aniento F, Cornejo MJ. Uptake of an endocytic marker by rice cells: variations related to osmotic and saline stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 1100-1111 (2003).

Beck EH, Fettig S, Knake C, Hartig K, Bhattarai T. Specific and unspecific responses of plants to cold and drought stress. J. Biosci. 32: 501-510 (2007).

Bedford JJ, Schofield J, Yancey PH, Leader JP. The effects of hypoosmotic infusion on the composition of renal tissue of the Australian brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 132: 645-652 (2002).

Beever RE, Laracy EP. Osmotic adjustment in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. J. Bacteriol. 168: 1358-1365 (1986).

Ben Hassine A, Ghanem ME, Bouzid S, Lutts S. An inland and a coastal population of the Mediterranean xero-halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. differ in their ability to accumulate proline and glycinebetaine in response to salinity and water stress. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1315-1326 (2008).

Bernacchia G, Furini A. Biochemical and molecular responses to water stress in resurrection plants. Physiol. Plant. 121: 175-181 (2004).

Bhatia NP, Baker AJ, Walsh KB, Midmore DJ. A role for nickel in osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed plants of the nickel hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey. Planta 223: 134-139 (2005).

Blum A. Osmotic adjustment and growth of barley genotypes under drought stress. Crop Sci. 29: 230-233 (1989).

Bohnert HJ, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Ion homeostasis and water deficit. In "Drought Tolerance in Cereals" (Ribaut JM, ed), Haworth's Food Products Press, New York (2005).

Boscari A, Mandon K, Dupont L, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D. BetS is a major glycine betaine/proline betaine transporter required for early osmotic adjustment in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2654-2663 (2002).

Buitink J, Leger JJ, Guisle I, Vu BL, Wuilleme S, Lamirault G, Bars AL, Meur NL, Becker A, Kuster H, Leprince O. Transcriptome profiling uncovers metabolic and regulatory processes occurring during the transition from desiccation-sensitive to desiccation-tolerant stages in Medicago truncatula seeds. Plant J. 47: 735-750 (2006).

Buschmann P, Gradmann D. Minimal model for oscillations of membrane voltage in plant cells. J. Theor. Biol. 188: 323-332 (1997).

Canavate JP, Lubian LM. Relationship between cooling rates, cryoprotectant concentrations and salinities in the cryopreservation of marine microalgae. Mar. Biol. 124: 325-334 (1995).

Castro AJ, Carapito C, Zorn N, Magne C, Leize E, Van Dorsselaer A, Clement C. Proteomic analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) tissues subjected to herbicide stress. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2783-2795 (2005).

Chaves MM, Oliveira MM. Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: prospects for water-saving agriculture. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2365-2384 (2004).

Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Popp M, Jones HG. Mucilages and polysaccharides in Ziziphus species (Rhamnaceae): localization, composition and physiological roles during drought-stress. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 131-138 (2002).

Colmer TD, Fan TWM, Lauchli A, Higashi RM. Interactive effects of salinity, nitrogen and sulphur on the organic solutes in Spartina alterniflora leaf blades. J. Exp. Bot. 47: 369-375 (1996).

Cuin TA, Shabala S. Exogenously supplied compatible solutes rapidly ameliorate NaCl-induced potassium efflux from barley roots. Plant Cell Physiol. 46: 1924-1933 (2005).

Dacey JWH, Howse FA, Michaels AF, Wakeham SG. Temporal variability of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Sargasso sea. Deep Sea Res. 45: 2085 (1998).

Datta SK. Recent developments in transgenics for abiotic stress tolerance in rice. JIRCAS Working Report No.23, "Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants for Abiotic Stress" (Iwanaga M, ed.) p. 43-53 (2002).

Davis RH, Ristow JL. Osmotic effects on the polyamine pathway of Neurospora crassa. Exp. Mycol. 19: 314-319 (1995).

Davison IR, Reed RH. Osmotic adjustment in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta) with particular reference to seasonal changes in internal solute concentrations. J. Phycol. 21: 41-50 (1985).

De Costa W, Zorb C, Hartung W, Schubert S. Salt resistance is determined by osmotic adjustment and abscisic acid in newly developed maize hybrids in the first phase of salt stress. Physiol. Plant. 131: 311-321 (2007).

Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Sofo A, Montanaro G. Osmotic regulation in leaves and roots of olive trees during a water deficit and rewatering. Tree Physiol. 26: 179-185 (2005).

Dickson DMJ, Kirst GO. Osmotic adjustment in marine eukaryotic algae - the role of inorganic-ions, quaternary ammonium, tertiary sulfonium and carbohydrate solutes. 2. Prasinophytes and Haptophytes. New Phytol. 106: 657-666 (1987).

Dickson DMJ, Kirst GO. Osmotic adjustment in marine eukaryotic algae - the role of inorganic-ions, quaternary ammonium, tertiary sulfonium and carbohydrate solutes. 1. Diatoms and a Rhodophyte. New Phytol. 106: 645-655 (1987).

Eimer M. Transgenic drought- and salt-tolerant plants. Genetic Engineering Newsletter - Special Issue 15 February 2004, pp. 1-14 (http://www.oeko.de/gennews_engl.htm) (2004).

Elsayed H, Kirkwood RC. Response of adapted and unadapted soybean cell suspension cultures to water stress. Phyton - Annales Rei Botanicae 32: 263-275 (1992).

Fan TW, Colmer TD, Lane AN, Higashi RM. Determination of metabolites by 1H NMR and GC: analysis for organic osmolytes in crude tissue extracts. Anal. Biochem. 214: 260-271 (1993).

Fischer R, Schliess F, Haussinger D. Characterization of the hypo-osmolarity-induced Ca2+ response in cultured rat astrocytes. Glia 20: 51-58 (1997).

Ford CW, Wilson JR. Changes in levels of solutes during osmotic adjustment to water stress in leaves of four tropical pasture species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 8: 77-91 (1981).

Fulda S, Huckauf J, Schoor A, Hagemann M. Analysis of stress responses in the cyanobacterial strains Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7418: osmolyte accumulation and stress protein synthesis. J. Plant Physiol. 154: 240-249 (1999).

Galinksi EA. Compatible solutes of halophilic eubacteria - molecular principles, water-solute interaction, stress protection. Experientia 49: 487-496 (1993).

Garcia-Maurino S, Jimenez ET, Monreal JA, Morillo-Velarde R, Echevarria C. Adenylate patterns of autumn-sown sugar beet differ from spring-sown sugar beet. Implications for root quality. Physiol. Plant. 124: 200-207 (2005).

Glenn EP, Watson MC, O'Leary JW, Axelson RD. Comparison of salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of low-sodium and high-sodium subspecies of the C4 halophyte, Atriplex canescens. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 711-718 (1992).

Gouesbet G, Blanco C, Hamelin J, Bernard T. Osmotic adjustment in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes: pipecolic acid accumulation at elevated osmolarities. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 959-965 (1992).

Gouffi K, Pica N, Pichereau V, Blanco C. Disaccharides as a new class of nonaccumulated osmoprotectants for Sinorhizobium meliloti. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1491-1500 (1999).

Gradmann D, Blatt MR, Thiel G. Electrocoupling of ion transporters in plants. J. Membr. Biol. 136: 327-332 (1993).

Grunewald RW, Kinne RK. Intracellular sorbitol content in isolated rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. Regulation by extracellular osmolarity. Pflugers Arch. 414: 178-184 (1989).

Hanson AD, Gage DA. Identification and determination by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the compatible solute choline-O-sulfate in Limonium species and other halophytes. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 18: 317-327 (1991).

Hare PD, Cress WA. Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation 21: 79-102 (1997).

Hare PD, Cress WA, Van Staden J. Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress. Plant Cell Environ. 21: 535-553 (1998).

Hazen SP, Pathan MS, Sanchez A, Baxter I, Dunn M, Estes B, Chang HS, Zhu T, Kreps JA, Nguyen HT. Expression profiling of rice segregating for drought tolerance QTLs using a rice genome array. Funct. Integr. Genomics 5: 104-116 (2005).

Hellmann H, Funck D, Rentsch D, Frommer WB. Hypersensitivity of an Arabidopsis sugar signaling mutant toward exogenous proline application. Plant Physiol. 123: 779-790 (2000).

Henson IE, Alagarswamy G, Mahalakshmi V, Bidinger FR. Stomatal response to water stress and its relationship to bulk leaf water status and osmotic adjustment in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke). J. Exp. Bot. 34: 442-450 (1983).

Henzler T, Ye Q, Steudle E. Oxidative gating of water channels (aquaporins) in Chara by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1184-1195 (2004).

Hohmann S. Osmotic stress signaling and osmoadaptation in yeasts. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 66: 300-372 (2002).

Hsiao TC, O'Toole JC, Yambao EB, Turner NC. Influence of osmotic adjustment on leaf rolling and tissue death in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Physiol. 75: 338-341 (1984).

Izanloo A, Condon AG, Langridge P, Tester M, Schnurbusch T. Different mechanisms of adaptation to cyclic water stress in two South Australian bread wheat cultivars. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 3327-3346 (2008).

Kacperska A. Sensor types in signal transduction pathways in plant cells responding to abiotic stressors: do they depend on stress intensity?. Physiol. Plant. 122: 159-168 (2004).

Karsten U, Kuck K, Daniel C, Wiencke C, Kirst GO. A method for complete determination of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in marine macroalgae from different geographical regions. Phycologia 33: 171-176 (1994).

Karsten U, Wiencke C, Kirst GO. Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) accumulation in green macroalgae from polar to temperate regions - interactive effects of light versus salinity and light versus temperature. Polar Biol. 12: 603-607 (1992).

Keller CP, Van Volkenburgh E. Evidence that auxin-induced growth of tobacco leaf tissues does not involve cell wall acidification. Plant Physiol. 118: 557-564 (1998).

Keller MD, Kiene RP, Matrai PA, Bellows WK. Production of glycine betaine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine phytoplankton. II. N-limited chemostat cultures. Mar. Biol. 135: 249-257 (1999).

Keller MD, Kiene RP, Matrai PA, Bellows WK. Production of glycine betaine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine phytoplankton. I. Batch cultures. Mar. Biol. 135: 237-248 (1999).

Kieber DJ, Jiao JF, Kiene RP, Bates TS. Impact of dimethylsulfide photochemistry on methyl sulfur cycling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 101: 3715-3722 (1996).

Kirst GO, Thiel C, Wolff H, Nothnagel J, Wanzek M, Ulmke R. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in ice-algae and its possible biological role. Mar. Chem. 35: 381-388 (1991).

Kitaguchi H, Uchida A, Ishida Y. Purification and characterization of L-methionine decarboxylase from Crypthecodinium cohnii. Fisheries Sci. 65: 613-617 (1999).

Kocheva KV, Georgiev GI, Kochev VK. A diffusion approach to the electrolyte leakage from plant tissues. Physiol. Plant. 125: 1-9 (2005).

Kusaka M, Ohta M, Fujimura T. Contribution of inorganic components to osmotic adjustment and leaf folding for drought tolerance in pearl millet. Physiol. Plant. 125: 474-489 (2005).

LaRosa PC, Hasegawa PM, Rhodes D, Clithero JM, Watad A-EA, Bressan RA. Abscisic acid stimulated osmotic adjustment and its involvement in adaptation of tobacco cells to NaCl. Plant Physiol. 85: 174-181 (1987).

Ledyard KM, Dacey JWH. Dimethylsulfide production from dimethylsulfoniopropionate by a marine bacterium. Mar. Ecol. 110: 95-103 (1994).

Liu AR, Zhao KF. Effects of salt stress on the growth and the nitrate reductase activity in Thellungiella halophila. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 31: 469-476 (2005).

Longstreth DJ, Burow GB, Yu G. Solutes involved in osmotic adjustment to increasing salinity in suspension cells of Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 78: 225-230 (2004).

Ludlow MM, Santamaria JM, Fukai S. Contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench under water-limited conditions. II. Water stress after anthesis. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 41: 67-78 (1990).

Maggio A, De Pascale S, Ruggiero C, Barbieri G. Physiological response of field-grown cabbage to salinity and drought stress. Eur. J. Agron. 23: 57-67 (2005).

Makela P, Munns R, Colmer TD, Condon AG, Peltonen-Sainio P. Effect of foliar applications of glycinebetaine on stomatal conductance, abscisic acid and solute concentrations in leaves of salt- or drought-stressed tomato. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25: 655-663 (1998).

Malin G, Turner SM, Liss PS, Aiken. Sulfur - the plankton climate connection. J. Phycol. 28: 590-597 (1992).

Marshall JG, Dumbroff EB, Thatcher BJ, Martin B, Rutledge RG, Blumwald E. Synthesis and oxidative insolubilization of cell-wall proteins during osmotic stress. Planta 208: 401-408 (1999).

Martinez JP, Kinet JM, Bajji M, Lutts S. NaCl alleviates polyethylene glycol-induced water stress in the halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2421-2431 (2005).

Medici LO, Machado AT, Azevedo RA, Pimentel C. Glutamine synthetase activity, relative water content and water potential in maize submitted to drought. Biol. Plant. 47: 301-304 (2003).

Meikle AJ, Reed RH, Gadd GM. Osmotic adjustment and the accumulation of organic solutes in whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134: 3049-3060 (1988).

Meikle AJ, Reed RH, Gadd GM. The osmotic responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in K+- depleted medium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 78: 89-94 (1991).

Merchant A, Callister A, Arndt S, Tausz M, Adams M. Contrasting physiological responses of six eucalyptus species to water deficit. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 100: 1507-1515 (2007).

Moghaieb RE, Tanaka N, Saneoka H, Murooka Y, Ono H, Morikawa H, Nakamura A, Nguyen NT, Suwa R, Fujita K. Characterization of salt tolerance in ectoine-transformed tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabaccum): photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and nitrogen partitioning. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 173-182 (2006).

Moghaieb REA, Saneoka H, Fujita K. Effect of salinity on osmotic adjustment, glycinebetaine accumulation and the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in two halophytic plants, Salicornia europaea and Suaeda maritima. Plant Sci. 166: 1345-1349 (2004).

Muller V, Spanheimer R, Santos H. Stress response by solute accumulation in archaea. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8: 729-736 (2005).

Munns R. Why measure osmotic adjustment? Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15: 717-726 (1988).

Mustard J, Renault S. Effects of NaCl on water relations and cell wall elasticity and composition of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 121: 265-271 (2004).

Noble CL, Rogers ME. Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops. Plant & Soil 146: 99-107 (1992).

Ottow EA, Brinker M, Teichmann T, Fritz E, Kaiser W, Brosche M, Kangasjarvi J, Jiang X, Polle A. Populus euphratica displays apoplastic sodium accumulation, osmotic adjustment by decreases in calcium and soluble carbohydrates, and develops leaf succulence under salt stress. Plant Physiol. 139: 1762-1772 (2005).

Pandey R, Agarwal RM, Jeevaratnam K, Sharma GL. Osmotic stress-induced alterations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and recovery on stress release. Plant Growth Regul. 42: 79-87 (2004).

Perez-Perez JG, Syvertsen JP, Botia P, Garcia-Sanchez F. Leaf water relations and net gas exchange responses of salinized Carrizo citrange seedlings during drought stress and recovery. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 100: 335-345 (2007).

Phutela A, Jain V, Dhawan K, Nainawatee HS. Proline metabolism under water stress in the leaves and roots of Brassica juncea cultivars differing in drought tolerance. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 9: 35-39 (2000).

Pitt RE, Chandrasekaran M, Parks JE. Performance of a kinetic model for intracellular ice formation based on the extent of supercooling. Cryobiology 29: 359-373 (1992).

Plaut Z, Grava A, Yehezkel C, Matan E. How do salinity and water stress affect transport of water, assimilates and ions to tomato fruits?. Physiol. Plant. 122: 429-442 (2004).

Porcel R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1743-1750 (2004).

Powles JE, Buckley TN, Nicotra AB, Farquhar GD. Dynamics of stomatal water relations following leaf excision. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 981-992 (2006).

Premachandra GS, Hahn DT, Rhodes D, Joly RJ. Leaf water relations and solute accumulation in two grain sorghum lines exhibiting contrasting drought tolerance. J. Exp. Bot. 46: 1833-1841 (1995).

Price AH, Townend J, Jones MP, Audebert A, Courtois B. Mapping QTLs associated with drought avoidance in upland rice grown in the Philippines and West Africa. Plant Mol. Biol. 48: 683-695 (2002).

Prudent S, Marty F, Charbonnier M. The yeast osmosensitive mutant fps1Delta transformed by the cauliflower BobTIP1;1 aquaporin withstand a hypo-osmotic shock. FEBS Lett. 579: 3872-3880 (2005).

Quick WP, Chaves MM, Wendler R, David M, Rodrigues ML, Passaharinho JA, Pereira JS, Adcock MD, Leegood RC, Stitt M. The effect of water-stress on photosynthetic carbon metabolism in four species grown under field conditions. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 25-35 (1992).

Reed RH. Osmotic adjustment and organic solute accumulation in Chaetomorpha capillaris. Brit. Phycol. J. 24: 21-37 (1989).

Reed RH. Osmotic adjustment - organic solutes. Method Enzymol. 167: 528-534 (1988).

Reed RH, Chudek JA, Foster R, Stewart WDP. Osmotic adjustment in cyanobacteria from hypersaline environments. Arch. Microbiol. 138: 333-337 (1984).

Reed RH, Stewart WDP. Physiological responses of Rrivularia atra to salinity: osmotic adjustment in hyposaline media. New Phytol. 95: 595-603 (1983).

Reed RH, Stewart WDP. Osmotic adjustment and organic solute accumulation in unicellular cyanobacteria from fresh-water and marine habitats. Mar. Biol. 88: 1-9 (1985).

Reed RH, Warr SRC, Richardson DL, Moore DJ, Stewart WDP. Multiphasic osmotic adjustment in a euryhaline cyanobacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 28: 225-229 (1985).

Reggiani R, Aurisano N, Mattana M, Bertani A. ABA induces 4-aminobutyrate accumulation in wheat seedlings. Phytochemistry 34: 605-609 (1993).

Rezaei Nejad A, van Meeteren U. Dynamics of adaptation of stomatal behaviour to moderate or high relative air humidity in Tradescantia virginiana. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 289-301 (2008).

Rhodes D, Handa S. Amino acid metabolism in relation to osmotic adjustment in plant cells. In (JH Cherry ed) "Environmental Stress in Plants: Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms", NATO ASI Series G: Ecological Sciences, Vol. 19, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 41-62 (1989).

Richter H, Kikuta SB. Osmotic and elastic components of turgor adjustment in leaves under stress. In "Structural and functional responses to environmental stresses: water shortage" (KH Kreeb, H Richter, TM Hinckley eds) [Proc. of XIV International Botanical Congress, Berlin, Germany, 1987]. SPB Academic, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 129-137 (1989).

Rink TJ. Aspects of the regulation of cell volume. J. Physiol. (Paris) 79: 388-394 (1984).

Rios G, Ferrando A, Serrano R. Mechanisms of salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of the HAL1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13: 515-528 (1997).

Robinson S. The role of osmotic adjustment in maintaining chloroplast volume during stress. Curr. Top. Plant Biochem. Physiol. 6: 74-87 (1987).

Robinson SP, Jones GP. Accumulation of glycinebetaine in chloroplasts provides osmotic adjustment during salt stress. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13: 659-668 (1986).

Rodrigues ML, Chaves MM, Wendler R, David MM, Quick WP, Leegood RC, Stitt M, Pereira JS. Osmotic adjustment in water-stressed grapevine leaves in relation to carbon assimilation. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20: 309-321 (1993).

Rothstein A, Mack E. Volume-activated calcium uptake: its role in cell volume regulation of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Am. J. Physiol. 262: C339-C347 (1992).

Ruggiero B, Koiwa H, Manabe Y, Quist TM, Inan G, Saccardo F, Joly RJ, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Maggio A. Uncoupling the effects of abscisic acid on plant growth and water relations. analysis of sto1/nced3, an abscisic acid-deficient but salt stress-tolerant mutant in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 136: 3134-3147 (2004).

Ruiz-Lozano JM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of osmotic stress. New perspectives for molecular studies. Mycorrhiza 13: 309-317 (2003).

Sabirzhanova IB, Sabirzhanov BE, Chemeris AV, Veselov DS, Kudoyarova GR. Fast changes in expression of expansin gene and leaf extensibility in osmotically stressed maize plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43: 419-422 (2005).

Saito T, Terashima I. Reversible decreases in the bulk elastic modulus of mature leaves of deciduous Quercus species subjected to two drought treatments. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 863-875 (2004).

Saleki R, Young PG, Lefebvre DD. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana capable of germination under saline conditions. Plant Physiol. 101: 839-845 (1993).

Saneoka H, Nagasaka C, Hahn DT, Yang WJ, Premachandra GS, Joly RJ, Rhodes D. Salt tolerance of glycinebetaine-deficient and glycinebetaine-containing maize lines. Plant Physiol. 107: 631-638 (1995).

Saneoka H, Shiota K, Kurban H, Chaudhary MI, Premachandra GS, Fujita K. Effect of salinity on growth and solute accumulation in two wheat lines differing in salt tolerance. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 45: 873-880 (1999).

Saranga Y, Jiang CX, Wright RJ, Yakir D, Paterson AH. Genetic dissection of cotton physiological responses to arid conditions and their inter-relationships with productivity. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 263-277 (2004).

Schafleitner R, Gutierrez Rosales RO, Gaudin A, Alvarado Aliaga CA, Martinez GN, Tincopa Marca LR, Bolivar LA, Delgado FM, Simon R, Bonierbale M. Capturing candidate drought tolerance traits in two native Andean potato clones by transcription profiling of field grown plants under water stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 45: 673-690 (2007).

Senthil-Kumar M, Udayakumar M. High-throughput virus-induced gene-silencing approach to assess the functional relevance of a moisture stress-induced cDNA homologous to lea4. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2291-2302 (2006).

Serraj R, Shelp BJ, Sinclair TR. Accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in nodulated soybean in response to drought stress. Physiol. Plant. 102: 79-86 (1998).

Serrano L, Penuelas J, Ogaya R, Save R. Tissue-water relations of two co-occurring evergreen Mediterranean species in response to seasonal and experimental drought conditions. J. Plant Res. 118: 263-269 (2005).

Shah NH, Paulsen GM. Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain- filling of wheat. Plant Soil 257: 219-226 (2003).

Sharp RE, Hsiao TC, Silk WH. Growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials. II. Role of growth and deposition of hexose and potassium in osmotic adjustment. Plant Physiol. 93: 1337-1346 (1990).

Sharp RE, Ober ES. Regulation of osmotic adjustment in maize roots growing at low water potentials. Curr. Top. Plant Biochem. Physiol. 11: 155-167 (1992).

Sharp RE, Poroyko V, Hejlek LG, Spollen WG, Springer GK, Bohnert HJ, Nguyen HT. Root growth maintenance during water deficits: physiology to functional genomics. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2343-2351 (2004).

Shen B, Hohmann S, Jensen RG, Bohnert HJ. Roles of sugar alcohols in osmotic stress adaptation. Replacement of glycerol by mannitol and sorbitol in yeast. Plant Physiol. 121: 45-52 (1999).

Shkedy-Vinkler C, Avi-Dor Y. Betaine-induced stimulation of respiration at high osmolarities in a halotolerant bacterium. Biochem. J. 150: 219-226 (1975).

Silva-Ortega CO, Ochoa-Alfaro AE, Reyes-Aguero JA, Aguado-Santacruz GA, Jimenez-Bremont JF. Salt stress increases the expression of P5CS gene and induces proline accumulation in cactus pear. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 82-92 (2008).

Stark C. Osmotic adjustment and growth of salt-stressed cotton as improved by a bioregulator. J. Agronomy & Crop Science 167: 326-334 (1991).

Stefels J, Dijkhuizen L. Characteristics of DMSP-lyase in Phaeocystis sp (Prymnesiophyceae). Mar. Ecol. 131: 307-313 (1996).

Steinke M, Kirst GO. Enzymatic cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in cell-free extracts of the marine macroalga Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev, (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). J. Exo. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 201: 73-85 (1996).

Storey R, Gorham J, Pitman MG, Hanson AD, Gage D. Response of Melanthera biflora to salinity and water stress. J. Exp. Bot. 44: 1551-1560 (1993).

Sze H, Padmanaban S, Cellier F, Honys D, Cheng NH, Bock KW, Conejero G, Li X, Twell D, Ward JM, Hirschi KD. Expression patterns of a novel AtCHX gene family highlight potential roles in osmotic adjustment and K+ homeostasis in pollen development. Plant Physiol. 136: 2532-2547 (2004).

Tambussi EA, Nogues S, Araus JL. Ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism. Planta 221: 446-458 (2005).

Tamura T, Hara K, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H. Osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco expressing a gene encoding a membrane-located receptor-like protein from tobacco plants. Plant Physiol. 131: 454-462 (2003).

Tang AC, Boyer JS. Growth-induced water potentials and the growth of maize leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 489-503 (2002).

Tezara W, Martinez D, Rengifo E, Herrera A. Photosynthetic responses of the tropical spiny shrub Lycium nodosum (Solanaceae) to drought, soil salinity and saline spray. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 92: 757-765 (2003).

Touchette BW, Burkholder JM. Overview of the physiological ecology of carbon metabolism in seagrasses. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 250: 169-205 (2000).

Turner NC, Abbo S, Berger JD, Chaturvedi SK, French RJ, Ludwig C, Mannur DM, Singh SJ, Yadava HS. Osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) results in no yield benefit under terminal drought. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 187-194 (2007).

Uchida A, Ooguri T, Ishida T, Ishida Y. Incorporation of methionine into dimethylthiopropanoic acid in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59: 851-855 (1993).

van Hengel P, Nikken JJ, de Jong GM, Hesp WL, van Bommel EF. Mannitol-induced acute renal failure. Neth. J. Med. 50: 21-24 (1997).

Vendruscolo EC, Schuster I, Pileggi M, Scapim CA, Molinari HB, Marur CJ, Vieira LG. Stress-induced synthesis of proline confers tolerance to water deficit in transgenic wheat. J. Plant Physiol. 164: 1367-1376 (2007).

Verslues PE, Bray EA. LWR1 and LWR2 are required for osmoregulation and osmotic adjustment in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 136: 2831-2842 (2004).

Verslues PE, Bray EA. Role of abscisic acid (ABA) and Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-insensitive loci in low water potential-induced ABA and proline accumulation. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 201-212 (2006).

Voetberg GS, Sharp RE. Growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials. III. Role of increased proline deposition in osmotic adjustment. Plant Physiol. 96: 1125-1130 (1991).

Wang XJ, Loh CS, Yeoh HH, Sun WQ. Differential mechanisms to induce dehydration tolerance by abscisic acid and sucrose in Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae) protocorms. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 737-744 (2003).

Warr SRC, Reed RH, Chudek JA, Foster R, Stewart WDP. Osmotic adjustment in Spirulina platensis. Planta 163: 424-429 (1985).

Warr SRC, Reed RH, Stewart WDP. Osmotic adjustment of cyanobacteria: the effects of NaCl, KCl, sucrose and glycine betaine on glutamine synthetase activity in a marine and a halotolerant strain. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130: 2169-2175 (1984).

Wei H, Dhanaraj AL, Rowland LJ, Fu Y, Krebs SL, Arora R. Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from cold-acclimated and non-acclimated leaves of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. Planta 221: 406-416 (2005).

White PJ, Davenport RJ. The voltage-independent cation channel in the plasma membrane of wheat roots is permeable to divalent cations and may be involved in cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis. Plant Physiol. 130: 1386-1395 (2002).

Whiting SN, Neumann PM, Baker AJM. Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole-plant growth under drought stress. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 351-360 (2003).

Wilson WH, Turner S, Mann NH. Population dynamics of phytoplankton and viruses in a phosphate-limited mesocosm and their effect on DMSP and DMS production. Est. Coast. & Shelf Sci. 46: 49-59 (1998).

Witteveen CF, Visser J. Polyol pools in Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 134: 57-62 (1995).

Wood AJ. Comparison of salt-induced osmotic adjustment and trigonelline accumulation in two soybean cultivars. Biol. Plant. 42: 389-394 (1999).

Wood AJ, Saneoka H, Rhodes D, Joly RJ, Goldsbrough PB. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in sorghum. Plant Physiol. 110: 1301-1308 (1996).

Wood JM. Osmosensing by bacteria: signals and membrane-based sensors. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63: 230-262 (1999).

Woodruff DR, Bond BJ, Meinzer FC. Does turgor limit growth in tall trees?. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 229-236 (2004).

Wullschleger SD, Tschaplinski TJ, Norby RJ. Plant water relations at elevated CO2 - implications for water-limited environments. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 319-331 (2002).

Wullschleger SD, Tschaplinski TJ, Norby RJ. Plant water relations at elevated CO2 - implications for water-limited environments. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 319-331 (2002).

Yin CY, Peng YH, Zang RG, Zhu YP, Li CY. Adaptive responses of Populus kangdingensis to drought stress. Physiol. Plant. 123: 445-451 (2005).

Yokoi S, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Salt stress tolerance of plants. JIRCAS Working Report No.23, "Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants for Abiotic Stress" (Iwanaga M, ed.) p. 25-33 (2002).

Zhao Y, Ma YQ, Weng YJ. Variation of betaine and proline contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 31: 103-106 (2005).

Zhu XY, Jing Y, Chen GC, Wang SM, Zhang CL. Solute levels and osmoregulatory enzyme activities in reed plants adapted to drought and saline habitats. Plant Growth Regul. 41: 165-172 (2003).

Zinselmeier C, Jeong BR, Boyer JS. Starch and the control of kernel number in maize at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 121: 25-36 (1999).

Number of references = 174