Abd-El Baki GK, Siefritz F, Man H-M, Weiner H, Kaldenhoff R, Kaiser WM. Nitrate reductase in Zea mays L. under salinity. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 515-521 (2000).

Abdolzadeh A, Shima K, Lambers H, Chiba K. Change in uptake, transport and accumulation of ions in Nerium oleander (rosebay) as affected by different nitrogen sources and salinity. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 102: 735-746 (2008).

Ahn J, Daidou T, Tsuneda S, Hirata A. Transformation of phosphorus and relevant intracellular compounds by a phosphorus-accumulating enrichment culture in the presence of both the electron acceptor and electron donor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 79: 83-93 (2002).

Ahuja G, Khattar JS, Sarma TA. Interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolism during akinete development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena torulosa. J. Basic Microbiol. 48: 125-129 (2008).

Aichi M, Yoshihara S, Yamashita M, Maeda SI, Nagai K, Omata T. Characterization of the nitrate-nitrite transporter of the major facilitator superfamily (the nrtP gene product) from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70: 2682-2689 (2006).

Aidar MPM, Schmidt S, Moss G, Stewart GR, Joly CA. Nitrogen use strategies of neotropical rainforest trees in threatened Atlantic Forest. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 389-399 (2003).

Al-Ghazi Y, Muller B, Pinloche S, Tranbarger TJ, Nacry P, Rossignol M, Tardieu F, Doumas P. Temporal responses of Arabidopsis root architecture to phosphate starvation: evidence for the involvement of auxin signalling. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1053-1066 (2003).

Alboresi A, Gestin C, Leydecker MT, Bedu M, Meyer C, Truong HN. Nitrate, a signal relieving seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 500-512 (2005).

Almagro A, Lin SH, Tsay YF. Characterization of the Arabidopsis nitrate transporter NRT1.6 reveals a role of nitrate in early embryo development. Plant Cell 20: 3289-3299 (2008).

Amaar YG, Moore MM. Mapping of the nitrate-assimilation gene cluster (crnA-niiA-niaD) and characterization of the nitrite reductase gene (niiA) in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Curr. Genet. 33: 206-215 (1998).

Amarasinghe BH, de Bruxelles GL, Braddon M, Onyeocha I, Forde BG, Udvardi MK. Regulation of GmNRT2 expression and nitrate transport activity in roots of soybean (Glycine max). Planta 206: 44-52 (1998).

Ameziane R, Richard-Molard C, Deleens E, Morot-Gaudry JF, Limami AM. Nitrate ((NO3)-N-15) limitation affects nitrogen partitioning between metabolic and storage sinks and nitrogen reserve accumulation in chicory (Cichorium intybus L). Planta 202: 303-312 (1997).

Amon J, Titgemeyer F, Burkovski A. A genomic view on nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in mycobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 20-29 (2009).

Arendsen AF, Soliman MQ, Ragsdale SW. Nitrate-dependent regulation of acetate biosynthesis and nitrate respiration by Clostridium thermoaceticum. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1489-1495 (1999).

Armengaud P, Breitling R, Amtmann A. The potassium-dependent transcriptome of Arabidopsis reveals a prominent role of jasmonic acid in nutrient signaling. Plant Physiol. 136: 2556-2576 (2004).

Ashraf M, Bashir A. Salt stress induced changes in some organic metabolites and ionic relations in nodules and other plant parts of two crop legumes differing in salt tolerance. Flora 198: 486-498 (2003).

Aslam M, Harbit KB, Huffaker RC. Comparative effects of selenite and selenate on nitrate assimilation in barley seedlings. Plant Cell Environ. 13: 773-782 (1990).

Aslam M, Travis RL, Huffaker RC. Comparative induction of nitrate and nitrite uptake and reduction systems by ambient nitrate and nitrite in intact roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Plant Physiol. 102: 811-819 (1993).

Aslam M, Travis RL, Rains DW. Evidence for substrate induction of a nitrate efflux system in barley roots. Plant Physiol. 112: 1167-1175 (1996).

Aslam M, Travis RL, Rains DW. Differential effect of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots. Plant Sci. 160: 219-228 (2001).

Audran C, Liotenberg S, Gonneau M, North H, Frey A, Tap-Waksman K, Vartanian N, Marion-Poll A. Localisation and expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in Arabidopsis in response to drought stress and during seed development. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1161-1173 (2001).

Avila J, Gonzalez C, Brito N, Machin M F, Perez D, Siverio JM. A second Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) transcriptional factor encoded by the YNA2 gene is indispensable for the transcriptional activation of the genes involved in nitrate assimilation in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Yeast 19: 537-544 (2002).

Avila J, Gonzalez C, Brito N, Siverio JM. Clustering of the YNA1 gene encoding a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha with the nitrate assimilation genes YNT1, YNI1 and YNR1, and its involvement in their transcriptional activation. Biochem. J. 335: 647-652 (1998).

Babourina O, Voltchanskii K, McGann B, Newman I, Rengel Z. Nitrate supply affects ammonium transport in canola roots. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 651-658 (2007).

Balakumar T, Selvakumar V, Sathiameena K, Ilanchezhian CM, Paliwal K. UV-B radiation mediated alterations in the nitrate assimilation pathway of crop plants. 1. Kinetic characteristics of nitrate reductase. Photosynthetica 37: 459-467 (1999).

Barabas NK, Omarov RT, Erdei L, Lips SH. Distribution of the Mo-enzymes aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase in maize (Zea mays L.) nodal roots as affected by nitrogen and salinity. Plant Sci. 155: 49-58 (2000).

Bassirirad H. Kinetics of nutrient uptake by roots: responses to global change. New Phytol. 147: 155-169 (2000).

Bauer GA, Bernton GM. Ammonium and nitrate acquisition by plants in response to elevated CO2 concentration: the roles of root physiology and architecture. Tree Physiol. 21: 137-144 (2001).

Becker TW, Carrayol E, Hirel B. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase isoforms in maize leaves: localization, relative proportion and their role in ammonium assimilation or nitrogen transport. Planta 211: 800-806 (2000).

Behrenfeld MJ, Prasil O, Babin M, Bruyant F. In search of a physiological basis for covariations in light-limited and light-saturated photosynthesis. J. Phycol. 40: 4-25 (2004).

Bell CI, Clarkson DT, Cram WJ. Partitioning and redistribution of sulfur during S-stress in Macroptilium atropurpureum cv Siratro. J. Exp. Bot. 46: 73-81 (1995).

Berardi S, Stieger B, Wachter S, O'Neill B, Krahenbuhl S. Characterization of a sodium-dependent transport system for butyrobetaine into rat liver plasma membrane vesicles. Hepatology 28: 521-525 (1998).

Berczi A, Moller IM. Redox enzymes in the plant plasma membrane and their possible roles. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1287-1302 (2000).

Bertamini M, Muthuchelian K, Nedunchezhian N. Effect of grapevine leafroll on the photosynthesis of field grown grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Lagrein). J. Phytopathol. 152: 145-152 (2004).

Bertamini M, Nedunchezhian N. Decline of photosynthetic pigments, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and soluble protein contents, nitrate reductase and photosynthetic activities, and… Photosynthetica 39: 529-537 (2001).

Besson-Bard A, Gravot A, Richaud P, Auroy P, Duc C, Gaymard F, Taconnat L, Renou JP, Pugin A, Wendehenne D. Nitric oxide contributes to cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis by promoting cadmium accumulation in roots and by up-regulating genes related to iron uptake. Plant Physiol. 149: 1302-1315 (2009).

Beuve N, Rispail N, Laine P, Cliquet JB, Ourry A, Le Deunff E. Putative role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a longdistance signal in up-regulation of nitrate uptake in Brassica napus L.. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1035-1046 (2004).

Bhattacharya J, Singh AK, Rai AN. Isolation and characterization of a chlorate-resistant mutant (Clo- R) of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH: heterocyst formation and N(2)-fixation in the presence of nitrate, and evidence for separate nitrate and nitrite transport systems. Curr. Microbiol. 45: 99-104 (2002).

Bhattacharya J, Singh AK, Rai AN. Nitrogen nutrition in the cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH, a symbiotic isolate from Anthoceros: Uptake and assimilation of inorganic-N and amino acids. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 39: 163-169 (2002).

Bi YM, Zhang Y, Signorelli T, Zhao R, Zhu T, Rothstein S. Genetic analysis of Arabidopsis GATA transcription factor gene family reveals a nitrate-inducible member important for chlorophyll synthesis and glucose sensitivity. Plant J. 44: 680-692 (2005).

Bijlsma RJ, Lambers H. A dynamic whole-plant model of integrated metabolism of nitrogen and carbon. 2. Balanced growth driven by C fluxes and regulated by signals from C and N substrate. Plant & Soil 220: 71-87 (2000).

Bijlsma RJ, Lambers H, Kooijman SALM. A dynamic whole-plant model of integrated metabolism of nitrogen and carbon. 1. Comparative ecological implications of ammonium-nitrate interactions. Plant & Soil 220: 49-69 (2000).

Bird C, Wyman M. Nitrate/nitrite assimilation system of the marine picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain WH 8103: Effect of nitrogen source and availability on gene expression. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7009-7018 (2003).

Blasco F, Guigliarelli B, Magalon A, Asso M, Giordano G, Rothery RA. The coordination and function of the redox centres of the membrane-bound nitrate reductases. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58: 179-193 (2001).

Blasco R, Martinez-Luque M, Madrid MP, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C. Rhodococcus sp. RB1 grows in the presence of high nitrate and nitrite concentrations and assimilates nitrate in moderately saline environments. Arch. Microbiol. 175: 435-440 (2001).

Blatt MR, Maurousset L, Meharg AA. High-affinity NO(3-)-H+ cotransport in the fungus Neurospora: induction and control by pH and membrane voltage. J. Membr. Biol. 160: 59-76 (1997).

Blum V, Hollander-Czytko H, Voeste D. The Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System: general concept and aspects of botanical research. Planta 203 Suppl.: 201S-208S (1997).

Boer E, Schroter A, Bode R, Piontek M, Kunze G. Characterization and expression analysis of a gene cluster for nitrate assimilation from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans. Yeast 26: 83-93 (2009).

Bonnard N, Tresierra-Ayala A, Bedmar EJ, Delgado MJ. Molybdate-dependent expression of the periplasmic nitrate reductase in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 127-129 (2005).

Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Can unidirectional influx be measured in higher plants? A mathematical approach using parameters from efflux analysis. New Phytol. 150: 37-47 (2001).

Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. The case for cytosolic NO3- heterostasis: a critique of a recently proposed model. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 183-188 (2003).

Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Nitrogen acquisition, PEP carboxylase, and cellular pH homeostasis: new views on old paradigms. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1396-1409 (2005).

Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review. J. Plant Physiol. 159: 567-584 (2002).

Brix H, Dyhr-Jensen K, Lorenzen B. Root-zone acidity and nitrogen source affects Typha latifolia L. growth and uptake kinetics of ammonium and nitrate. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 2441-2450 (2002).

Brondijk THC, Fiegen D, Richardson DJ, Cole JA. Roles of NapF, NapG and NapH, subunits of the Escherichia coli periplasmic nitrate reductase, in ubiquinol oxidation. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 245-255 (2002).

Brondijk THC, Nilavongse A, Filenko N, Richardson DJ, Cole JA. NapGH components of the periplasmic nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli K- 12: location, topology and physiological roles in quinol oxidation and redox balancing. Biochem. J. 379: 47-55 (2004).

Brooijmans RJ, de Vos WM, Hugenholtz J. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 electron transport chains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3580-3585 (2009).

Bueno E, Gomez-Hernandez N, Girard L, Bedmar EJ, Delgado MJ. Function of the Rhizobium etli CFN42 nirK gene in nitrite metabolism. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 162-163 (2005).

Burgener M, Suter M, Jones S, Brunold C. Cyst(e)ine is the transport metabolite of assimilated sulfur from bundle-sheath to mesophyll cells in maize leaves. Plant Physiol. 116: 1315-1322 (1998).

Cai Y, Wolk CP. Nitrogen deprivation of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 elicits rapid activation of a gene cluster that is essential for uptake and utilization of nitrate. J. Bacteriol. 179: 258-266 (1997).

Camacho-Cristobal JJ, Gonzalez-Fontes A. Boron deficiency decreases plasmalemma H+-ATPase expression and nitrate uptake, and promotes ammonium assimilation into asparagine in tobacco roots. Planta 226: 443-451 (2007).

Caputo C, Fatta N, Barneix AJ. The export of amino acid in the phloem is altered in wheat plants lacking the short arm of chromosome 7B. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1761-1768 (2001).

Caravaca F, Alguacil MD, Diaz G, Roldan A. Use of nitrate reductase activity for assessing effectiveness of mycorrhizal symbiosis in Dorycnium pentaphyllum under induced water deficit. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34: 2291-2302 (2003).

Castillo F, Dobao MM, Reyes F, Blasco R, Roldán MD, Gavira M, Caballero FJ, Moreno-Vivián C, Martínez-Luque M. Molecular and regulatory properties of the nitrate reducing systems of Rhodobacter. Curr. Microbiol. 33: 341-346 (1996).

Castro A, Stulen I, Posthumus FS, DE Kok LJ. Changes in growth and nutrient uptake in Brassica oleracea exposed to atmospheric ammonia. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 97: 121-131 (2006).

Cava F, Zafra O, Berenguer J. A cytochrome c containing nitrate reductase plays a role in electron transport for denitrification in Thermus thermophilus without involvement of the bc respiratory complex. Mol. Microbiol. 70: 507-518 (2008).

Cavicchioli R, Chiang RC, Kalman LV, Gunsalus RP. Role of the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli NarX sensor-transmitter protein in nitrate-dependent signal transduction and gene regulation. Mol. Microbiol. 21: 901-911 (1996).

Cedergreen N, Madsen TV. Light regulation of root and leaf NO3- uptake and reduction in the floating macrophyte Lemna minor. New Phytol. 161: 449-457 (2004).

Cerezo M, Flors V V, Legaz F, Garcia-Agustin P. Characterization of the low affinity transport system for NO(3)(-) uptake by Citrus roots. Plant Sci. 160: 95-104 (2000).

Chaffei C, Pageau K, Suzuki A, Gouia H, Ghorbel MH, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Cadmium toxicity induced changes in nitrogen management in Lycopersicon esculentum leading to a metabolic safeguard through an amino acid storage strategy. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1681-1693 (2004).

Chiang RC, Cavicchioli R, Gunsalus RP. 'Locked-on' and 'locked-off' signal transduction mutations in the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli NarQ and NarX sensors affect nitrate- and nitrite-dependent regulation by NarL and NarP. Mol. Microbiol. 24: 1049-1060 (1997).

Chiang RC, Cavicchioli R, Gunsalus RP. Identification and characterization of narQ, a second nitrate sensor for nitrate-dependent gene regulation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 1913-1923 (1992).

Chiu CC, Lin CS, Hsia AP, Su RC, Lin HL, Tsay YF. Mutation of a nitrate transporter, AtNRT1:4, results in a reduced petiole nitrate content and altered leaf development. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1139-1148 (2004).

Choo YS, Lee CB, Albert R. Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the pattern of ions and organic solutes in five sedges (Carex spp.). Flora 197: 56-66 (2002).

Chopin F, Orsel M, Dorbe MF, Chardon F, Truong HN, Miller AJ, Krapp A, Daniel-Vedele F. The Arabidopsis ATNRT2.7 nitrate transporter controls nitrate content in seeds. Plant Cell 19: 1590-1602 (2007).

Clark MB, Mills HA, Robacker CD, Latimer JG. Influence of nitrate: ammonium ratios on growth and elemental concentration in two azalea cultivars. J. Plant Nutr. 26: 2503-2520 (2003).

Clegg S, Yu F, Griffiths L, Cole JA. The roles of the polytopic membrane proteins NarK, NarU and NirC in Escherichia coli K-12: two nitrate and three nitrite transporters. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 143-155 (2002).

Clegg SJ, Jia W, Cole JA. Role of the Escherichia coli nitrate transport protein, NarU, in survival during severe nutrient starvation and slow growth. Microbiology 152: 2091-2100 (2006).

Coddington A. Biochemical studies on the nit mutants of Neurospora crassa. Mol. Gen. Genet. 145: 195-206 (1976).

Collier MD, Fotelli MN, Nahm M, Kopriva S, Rennenberg H, Hanke DE, Gessler A. Regulation of nitrogen uptake by Fagus sylvatica on a whole plant level - interactions between cytokinins and soluble N compounds. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1549-1560 (2003).

Comstock JP. Steady-state isotopic fractionation in branched pathways using plant uptake of NO3- as an example. Planta 214: 220-234 (2001).

Cookson SJ, Williams LE, Miller AJ. Light-dark changes in cytosolic nitrate pools depend on nitrate reductase activity in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Plant Physiol. 138: 1097-1105 (2005).

Coruzzi GM, Zhou L. Carbon and nitrogen sensing and signaling in plants: emerging ‘matrix effects’. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4: 247-253 (2001).

Cousins AB, Bloom AJ. Influence of elevated CO2 and nitrogen nutrition on photosynthesis and nitrate photo-assimilation in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1525-1530 (2003).

Couturier J, Montanini B, Martin F, Brun A, Blaudez D, Chalot M. The expanded family of ammonium transporters in the perennial poplar plant. New Phytol. 174: 137-150 (2007).

Cozen AE, Weirauch MT, Pollard KS, Bernick DL, Stuart JM, Lowe TM. Transcriptional map of respiratory versatility in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. J. Bacteriol. 191: 782-794 (2009).

Crawford NM, Glass ADM. Molecular and physiological aspects of nitrate uptake in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 3: 389-395 (1998).

Cutler SB, Caten CE. Characterisation of the nitrite reductase gene (NII1) and the nitrate-assimilation gene cluster of Stagonospora (Septoria) nodorum. Curr. Genet. 36: 282-289 (1999).

Dahlman L, Persson J, Palmqvist K, Nasholm T. Organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake in lichens. Planta 219: 459-467 (2004).

Daniel-Vedele F, Filleur S, Caboche M. Nitrate transport: a key step in nitrate assimilation. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1: 235-239 (1998).

De Angeli A, Monachello D, Ephritikhine G, Frachisse JM, Thomine S, Gambale F, Barbier-Brygoo H. The nitrate/proton antiporter AtCLCa mediates nitrate accumulation in plant vacuoles. Nature 442: 939-942 (2006).

De Kok LJ, Stuiver CEE, Rubinigg M, Westerman S, Grill D. Impact of atmospheric sulfur deposition on sulfur metabolism in plants: H2S as sulfur source for sulfur deprived Brassica oleracea L. Bot. Acta 110: 411-419 (1997).

De la Rosa MA. Assimilatory nitrate reductase from the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii. Mol. Cell Biochem. 50: 65-74 (1983).

de Zamaroczy M. Structural homologues P(II) and P(Z) of Azospirillum brasilense provide intracellular signalling for selective regulation of various nitrogen-dependent functions. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 449-463 (1998).

Delgado MJ, Tresierra-Ayala A, Talbi C, Bedmar EJ. Functional characterization of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum modA and modB genes involved in molybdenum transport. Microbiology 152: 199-207 (2006).

DeMoss JA, Hsu PY. NarK enhances nitrate uptake and nitrite excretion in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 173: 3303-3310 (1991).

DiChristina TJ. Effects of nitrate and nitrite on dissimilatory iron reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens 200. J. Bacteriol. 174: 1891-1896 (1992).

Dluzniewska P, Gessler A, Dietrich H, Schnitzler JP, Teuber M, Rennenberg H. Nitrogen uptake and metabolism in Populus x canescens as affected by salinity. New Phytol. 173: 279-293 (2007).

Dluzniewska P, Gessler A, Kopriva S, Strnad M, Novak O, Dietrich H, Rennenberg H. Exogenous supply of glutamine and active cytokinin to the roots reduces NO3- uptake rates in poplar. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1284-1297 (2006).

Doney SC, Mahowald N, Lima I, Feely RA, Mackenzie FT, Lamarque JF, Rasch PJ. Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 14580-14585 (2007).

Duan YH, Zhang YL, Ye LT, Fan XR, Xu GH, Shen QR. Responses of rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiency to partial nitrate nutrition. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 1153-1160 (2007).

Dzuibany C, Haupt S, Fock H, Biehler K, Migge A, Becker TW. Regulation of nitrate reductase transcript levels by glutamine accumulating in the leaves of a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase-deficient gluS mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, and by glutamine provided via the roots. Planta 206: 515-522 (1998).

Eckardt NA. Moco mojo: crystal structure reveals essential features of eukaryotic assimilatory nitrate reduction. Plant Cell 17: 1029-1031 (2005).

Ehlting B, Dluzniewska P, Dietrich H, Selle A, Teuber M, Hansch R, Nehls U, Polle A, Schnitzler JP, Rennenberg H, Gessler A. Interaction of nitrogen nutrition and salinity in Grey poplar (Populus tremula x alba). Plant Cell Environ. 30: 796-811 (2007).

Eisenhut M, von Wobeser EA, Jonas L, Schubert H, Ibelings BW, Bauwe H, Matthijs HC, Hagemann M. Long-term response toward inorganic carbon limitation in wild type and glycolate turnover mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Plant Physiol. 144: 1946-1959 (2007).

Escobar MA, Geisler DA, Rasmusson AG. Reorganization of the alternative pathways of the Arabidopsis respiratory chain by nitrogen supply: opposing effects of ammonium and nitrate. Plant J. 45: 775-788 (2006).

Espen L, Nocito FF, Cocucci M. Effect of NO3- transport and reduction on intracellular pH: an in vivo NMR study in maize roots. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2053-2061 (2004).

Fan X, Gordon-Weeks R, Shen Q, Miller AJ. Glutamine transport and feedback regulation of nitrate reductase activity in barley roots leads to changes in cytosolic nitrate pools. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1333-1340 (2006).

Fan XH, Tang C, Rengel Z. Nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase distribution and their relation to proton release in five nodulated grain legumes. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 90: 315-323 (2002).

Fast B, Lindgren P, Gotz F. Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a gene (narT) encoding a transport protein involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction in Staphylococcus carnosus. Arch. Microbiol. 166: 361-367 (1996).

Faure-Rabasse S, Le Deunff E, Laine P, Macduff JH, Ourry A. Effects of nitrate pulses on BnNRT1 and BnNRT2 genes: mRNA levels and nitrate influx rates in relation to the duration of N deprivation in Brassica napus L. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1711-1721 (2002).

Fedtke I, Kamps A, Krismer B, Gotz F. The nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase operons and the narT gene of Staphylococcus carnosus are positively controlled by the novel two-component system NreBC. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6624-6634 (2002).

Feelisch M, Fernandez BO, Bryan NS, Garcia-Saura MF, Bauer S, Whitlock DR, Ford PC, Janero DR, Rodriguez J, Ashrafian H. Tissue processing of nitrite in hypoxia: an intricate interplay of nitric oxide-generating and -scavenging systems. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 33927-33934 (2008).

Fei H, Vessey JK. Stimulation of nodulation in Medicago truncatula by low concentrations of ammonium: quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of selected genes. Physiol. Plant. 135: 317-330 (2009).

Fei HM, Vessey JK. Further investigation of the roles of auxin and cytokinin in the NH4+-induced stimulation of nodulation using white clover transformed with the auxin-sensitive reporter GH3 : gusA. Physiol. Plant. 121: 674-681 (2004).

Ferguson SJ. Nitrogen cycle enzymology. Curr. Opin. Chemical Biol. 2: 182-193 (1998).

Ferguson SJ. Denitrification and its control. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 66: 89-110 (1994).

Fernandez E, Galvan A. Inorganic nitrogen assimilation in Chlamydomonas. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2279-2287 (2007).

Filleur S, Daniel-Vedele F. Expression analysis of a high-affinity nitrate transporter isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana by differential display. Planta 207: 461-469 (1999).

Fischer K, Barbier GG, Hecht HJ, Mendel RR, Campbell WH, Schwarz G. Structural basis of eukaryotic nitrate reduction: crystal structures of the nitrate reductase active site. Plant Cell 17: 1167-1179 (2005).

Flores E, Frias JE, Rubio LM, Herrero A. Photosynthetic nitrate assimilation in cyanobacteria. Photosynth. Res. 83: 117-133 (2005).

Flores E, Herrero A. Nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control in cyanobacteria. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 164-167 (2005).

Flores P, Botella MA, Cerda A, Martinez V. Influence of nitrate level on nitrate assimilation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants under saline stress. Can. J. Bot. 82: 207-213 (2004).

Flores P, Botella MA, Martinez V, Cerda A. Response to salinity of tomato seedlings with a split root system: Nitrate uptake and reduction. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 177-187 (2002).

Flores P, Botella MA, Martinez V, Cerda A. Ionic and osmotic effects on nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. J. Plant Physiol. 156: 552-557 (2000).

Forde BG. Nitrate transporters in plants: structure, function and regulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1465: 219-235 (2000).

Forde BG. Local and long-range signaling pathways regulating plant responses to nitrate. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 53: 203-224 (2002).

Fraisier V, Dorbe MF, Daniel-Vedele F. Identification and expression analyses of two genes encoding putative low-affinity nitrate transporters from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 181-190 (2001).

Fraisier V, Gojon A, Tillard P, Daniel-Vedele F. Constitutive expression of a putative high-affinity nitrate transporter in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation by a reduced nitrogen source. Plant J. 23: 489-496 (2000).

Franco AR, Cardenas J, Fernandez E. Two different carriers transport both ammonium and methylammonium in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 14039-14043 (1988).

Frommer WB, Hummel S, Rentsch D. Cloning of an Arabidopsis histidine transporting protein related to nitrate and peptide transporters. FEBS Lett. 347: 185-189 (1994).

Frommer WB, Kwart M, Hirner B, Fischer WN, Hummel S, Ninnemann O. Transporters for nitrogenous compounds in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 1651-1670 (1994).

Fujinaga K, Taniguchi Y, Sun Y, Katayama S, Minami J, Matsushita O, Okabe A. Analysis of genes involved in nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringens. Microbiology 145: 3377-3387 (1999).

Gaio-Oliveira G, Dahlman L, Palmqvist K, Martins-Loucao MA, Maguas C. Nitrogen uptake in relation to excess supply and its effects on the lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Planta 220: 794-803 (2005).

Gallais A, Hirel B. An approach to the genetics of nitrogen use efficiency in maize. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 295-306 (2004).

Galvan A, Cordoba F, Cardenas J, Fernandez E. Regulation of nitrite uptake and nitrite reductase expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1074: 6-11 (1991).

Galvan A, Quesada A, Fernandez E. Nitrate and nitrate are transported by different specific transport systems and by a bispecific transporter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 2088-2092 (1996).

Galvan A, Rexach J, Mariscal V, Fernandez E. Nitrite transport to the chloroplast in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: molecular evidence for a regulated process. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 845-853 (2002).

Gao H, Yang ZK, Barua S, Reed SB, Romine MF, Nealson KH, Fredrickson JK, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Reduction of nitrate in Shewanella oneidensis depends on atypical NAP and NRF systems with NapB as a preferred electron transport protein from CymA to NapA. ISME J. 3: 966-976 (2009).

Gao Y, Smith GJ, Alberte RS. Temperature dependence of nitrate reductase activity in marine phytoplankton: biochemical analysis and ecological, implications. J. Phycol. 36: 304-313 (2000).

Gao-Rubinelli F, Marzluf GA. Identification and characterization of a nitrate transporter gene in Neurospora crassa. Biochem. Genet. 42: 21-34 (2004).

Garbayo I, Leon R, Vigara J, Vilchez C. Inhibition of nitrate consumption by nitrite in entrapped Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Bioresour. Technol. 81: 207-215 (2002).

Garcia-Sanchez MJ, Jaime MP, Ramos A, Sanders D, Fernandez JA. Sodium-dependent nitrate transport at the plasma membrane of leaf cells of the marine higher plant Zostera marina L. Plant Physiol. 122: 879-886 (2000).

Gaupels F, Furch AC, Will T, Mur LA, Kogel KH, van Bel AJ. Nitric oxide generation in Vicia faba phloem cells reveals them to be sensitive detectors as well as possible systemic transducers of stress signals. New Phytol. 178: 634-646 (2008).

Gavira M, Roldan MD, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C. Regulation of nap gene expression and periplasmic nitrate reductase activity in the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM158. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1693-1702 (2002).

Gazzarrini S, Lejay L, Gojon A, Ninnemann O, Frommer WB, von Wiren N. Three functional transporters for constitutive, diurnally regulated, and starvation-induced uptake of ammonium into Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell 11: 937-948 (1999).

Geelen D, Lurin C, Bouchez D, Frachisse JM, Lelievre F, Courtial B, Barbier-Brygoo H, Maurel C. Disruption of putative anion channel gene AtCLC-a in Arabidopsis suggests a role in the regulation of nitrate content. Plant J. 21: 259-267 (2000).

Gerendas J, Zhu ZJ, Bendixen R, Ratcliffe RG, Sattelmacher B. Physiological and biochemical processes related to ammonium toxicity in higher plants. Z. Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde 160: 239-251 (1997).

Glass AD, Britto DT, Kaiser BN, Kinghorn JR, Kronzucker HJ, Kumar A, Okamoto M, Rawat S, Siddiqi MY, Unkles SE, Vidmar JJ. The regulation of nitrate and ammonium transport systems in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 855-864 (2002).

Glass ADM, Brito DT, Kaiser BN, Kronzucker HJ, Kumar A, Okamoto M, Rawat SR, Siddiqi MY, Silim SM, Vidmar JJ, Zhuo D. Nitrogen transport in plants, with an emphasis on the regulation of fluxes to match plant demand. J. Plant Nutr. Soil. Sci. 164: 199-207 (2001).

Gobert A, Plassard C. Differential NO3- dependent patterns of NO3- uptake in Pinus pinaster, Rhizopogon roseolus and their ectomycorrhizal association. New Phytol. 154: 509-516 (2002).

Godon C, Krapp A, Leydecker MT, Daniel-Vedele F, Caboche M. Methylammonium-resistant mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia are affected in nitrate transport. Mol. Gen. Genet. 250: 357-366 (1996).

Gombert J, Etienne P, Ourry A, Le Dily F. The expression patterns of SAG12/Cab genes reveal the spatial and temporal progression of leaf senescence in Brassica napus L. with sensitivity to the environment. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1949-1956 (2006).

Gonzalez-Ballester D, Camargo A, Fernandez E. Ammonium transporter genes in Chlamydomonas: the nitrate-specific regulatory gene Nit2 is involved in Amt1;1 expression. Plant Mol. Biol. 56: 863-878 (2004).

Gordillo FJ, Niell FX, Figueroa FL. Non-photosynthetic enhancement of growth by high CO2 level in the nitrophilic seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Chlorophyta). Planta 213: 64-70 (2001).

Gordon AJ, Skot L, James CL, Minchin FR. Short-term metabolic responses of soybean root nodules to nitrate. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 423-428 (2002).

Gorska A, Ye Q, Holbrook NM, Zwieniecki MA. Nitrate control of root hydraulic properties in plants: translating local information to whole plant response. Plant Physiol. 148: 1159-1167 (2008).

Gorska A, Zwieniecka A, Michele Holbrook N, Zwieniecki MA. Nitrate induction of root hydraulic conductivity in maize is not correlated with aquaporin expression. Planta 228: 989-998 (2008).

Gouesbet G, Abaibou H, Wu LF, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Blanco C. Osmotic repression of anaerobic metabolic systems in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 175: 214-221 (1993).

Gouia H, Ghorbal MH, Touraine B. Effects of NaCl on flows of N and mineral ions and on NO3- reduction rate within whole plants of salt-sensitive bean and salt-tolerant cotton. Plant Physiol. 105: 1409-1418 (1994).

Greutert H, Keller F. Further evidence for stachyose and sucrose/H+ antiporters on the tonoplast of Japanese artichoke (Stachys sieboldii) tubers. Plant Physiol. 101: 1317-1322 (1993).

Gross R, Pisa R, Sanger M, Lancaster CRD, Simon J. Characterization of the menaquinone reduction site in the diheme cytochrome b membrane anchor of Wolinella succinogenes NiFe-hydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 274-281 (2004).

Guescini M, Zeppa S, Pierleoni R, Sisti D, Stocchi L, Stocchi V. The expression profile of the Tuber borchii nitrite reductase suggests its positive contribution to host plant nitrogen nutrition. Curr. Genet. 51: 31-41 (2007).

Guo FQ, Wang R, Chen M, Crawford NM. The Arabidopsis dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) is activated and functions in nascent organ development during vegetative and reproductive growth. Plant Cell 13: 1761-1777 (2001).

Guo FQ, Wang R, Crawford NM. The Arabidopsis dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) is regulated by auxin in both shoots and roots. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 835-844 (2002).

Guo FQ, Young J, Crawford NM. The nitrate transporter AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) functions in stomatal opening and contributes to drought susceptibility in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 15: 107-117 (2003).

Guo S, Bruck H, Sattelmacher B. Effects of supplied nitrogen form on growth and water uptake of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Nitrogen form and water uptake. Plant & Soil 239: 267-275 (2002).

Guo S, Schinner K, Sattelmacher B, Hansen UP. Different apparent CO2 compensation points in nitrate- and ammonium-grown Phaseolus vulgaris and the relationship to non-photorespiratory CO2 evolution. Physiol. Plant. 123: 288-301 (2005).

Guo YF, Chen FJ, Zhang FS, Mi GH. Auxin transport from shoot to root is involved in the response of lateral root growth to localized supply of nitrate in maize. Plant Sci. 169: 894-900 (2005).

Gupta KJ, Stoimenova M, Kaiser WM. In higher plants, only root mitochondria, but not leaf mitochondria reduce nitrite to NO, in vitro and in situ. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2601-2609 (2005).

Gutierrez JC, Ramos F, Ortner L, Tortolero M. nasST, two genes involved in the induction of the assimilatory nitrite-nitrate reductase operon (nasAB) of Azotobacter vinelandii. Mol. Microbiol. 18: 579-591 (1995).

Gutthann F, Egert M, Marques A, Appel J. Inhibition of respiration and nitrate assimilation enhances photohydrogen evolution under low oxygen concentrations in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1767: 161-169 (2007).

Han T, Kang SH, Park JS, Lee HK, Brown MT. Physiological responses of Ulva pertusa and U. armoricana to copper exposure. Aquat. Toxicol. 86: 176-184 (2008).

Hansch R, Fessel DG, Witt C, Hesberg C, Hoffmann G, Walch-Liu P, Engels C, Kruse J, Rennenberg H, Kaiser WM, Mendel RR. Tobacco plants that lack expression of functional nitrate reductase in roots show changes in growth rates and metabolite accumulation. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1251-1258 (2001).

Harrison J, Hirel B, Limami AM. Variation in nitrate uptake and assimilation between two ecotypes of Lotus japonicus and their recombinant inbred lines. Physiol. Plant. 120: 124-131 (2004).

Hartig E, Schiek U, Vollack KU, Zumft WG. Nitrate and nitrite control of respiratory nitrate reduction in denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri by a two-component regulatory system homologous to NarXL of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3658-3665 (1999).

Hawkins BJ. Family variation in nutritional and growth traits in Douglas-fir seedlings. Tree Physiol. 27: 911-919 (2007).

Hemschemeier S, Grund M, Keuntje B, Eichenlaub R. Isolation of Escherichia coli mutants defective in uptake of molybdate. J. Bacteriol. 173: 6499-6506 (1991).

Henriksen GH, Spanswick RM. Investigation of the apparent induction of nitrate uptake in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using NO3--selective microelectrodes. Plant Physiol. 103: 885-892 (1993).

Henry HAL, Jefferies RL. Interactions in the uptake of amino acids, ammonium and nitrate ions in the Arctic salt-marsh grass, Puccinellia phryganodes. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 419-428 (2003).

Henry HAL, Jefferies RL. Free amino acid, ammonium and nitrate concentrations in soil solutions of a grazed coastal marsh in relation to plant growth. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 665-675 (2002).

Herdel K, Schmidt P, Feil R, Mohr A, Schurr U. Dynamics of concentrations and nutrient fluxes in the xylem of Ricinus communis - diurnal course, impact of nutrient availability and nutrient uptake. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 41-52 (2001).

Hernandez D, Dias FM, Rowe JJ. Nitrate transport and its regulation by O2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 286: 159-163 (1991).

Hesse H, Nikiforova V, Gakiere B, Hoefgen R. Molecular analysis and control of cysteine biosynthesis: integration of nitrogen and sulphur metabolism. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1283-1292 (2004).

Hildebrandt U, Schmelzer E, Bothe H. Expression of nitrate transporter genes in tomato colonized by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Physiol. Plant. 115: 125-136 (2002).

Hirose N, Takei K, Kuroha T, Kamada-Nobusada T, Hayashi H, Sakakibara H. Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, compartmentalization and translocation. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 75-83 (2008).

Hogberg P, Hogbom L, Schinkel H. Nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an N-deposition gradient in Europe. Tree Physiol. 18: 823-828 (1998).

Hohnjec N, Vieweg MF, Puhler A, Becker A, Kuster H. Overlaps in the transcriptional profiles of Medicago truncatula roots inoculated with two different Glomus fungi provide insights into the genetic program activated during arbuscular mycorrhiza. Plant Physiol. 137: 1283-1301 (2005).

Hu HC, Wang YY, Tsay YF. AtCIPK8, a CBL-interacting protein kinase, regulates the low-affinity phase of the primary nitrate response. Plant J. 57: 264-278 (2009).

Hu X, Neill SJ, Tang Z, Cai W. Nitric oxide mediates gravitropic bending in soybean roots. Plant Physiol. 137: 663-670 (2005).

Huang NC, Chiang CS, Crawford NM, Tsay YF. CHL1 encodes a component of the low-affinity nitrate uptake system in Arabidopsis and shows cell type-specific expression in roots. Plant Cell 8: 2183-2191 (1996).

Huang NC, Liu KH, Lo HJ, Tsay YF. Cloning and functional characterization of an Arabidopsis nitrate transporter gene that encodes a constitutive component of low-affinity uptake. Plant Cell 11: 1381-1392 (1999).

Imsande J, Touraine B. N demand and the regulation of nitrate uptake. Plant Physiol. 105: 3-7 (1994).

Ishii A, Hihara Y. An AbrB-like transcriptional regulator, Sll0822, is essential for the activation of nitrogen-regulated genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Physiol. 148: 660-670 (2008).

Izmailov SF. Saturation and utilization of nitrate pools in pea and sugar beet leaves. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 51: 189-193 (2004).

Izmailov SF, Bruskova RK, Chechetka SA, Kirnos SV, Nikiforova A, Satskaya MV. Nitrate assimilation function of yellow lupine root nodules? Biol. Bull. 30: 140-147 (2003).

Jargeat P, Rekangalt D, Verner MC, Gay G, Debaud JC, Marmeisse R, Fraissinet-Tachet L. Characterisation and expression analysis of a nitrate transporter and nitrite reductase genes, two members of a gene cluster for nitrate assimilation from the symbiotic basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Curr. Genet. 43: 199-205 (2003).

Javelle A, Morel M, Rodriguez-Pastrana BR, Botton B, Andre B, Marini AM, Brun A, Chalot M. Molecular characterization, function and regulation of ammonium transporters (Amt) and ammonium-metabolizing enzymes (GS, NADP-GDH) in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Mol. Microbiol. 47: 411-430 (2003).

Jochem FJ, Smith GJ, Gao Y, Zimmerman RC, Cabello-Pasini A, Kohrs DG, Alberte RS. Cytometric quantification of nitrate reductase by immunolabeling in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. Cytometry 39: 173-178 (2000).

Johnstone IL, McCabe PC, Greaves P, Gurr SJ, Cole GE, Brow MA, Unkles SE, Clutterbuck AJ, Kinghorn JR, Innis MA. Isolation and characterisation of the crnA-niiA-niaD gene cluster for nitrate assimilation in Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 90: 181-192 (1990).

Jongebloed U, Szederkenyi J, Hartig K, Schobert C, Komor E. Sequence of morphological and physiological events during natural ageing and senescence of a castor bean leaf: sieve tube occlusion and carbohydrate back-up precede chlorophyll degradation. Physiol. Plant. 120: 338-346 (2004).

Kaiser BN, Gridley KL, Ngaire Brady J, Phillips T, Tyerman SD. The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 96: 745-754 (2005).

Kaiser WM, Kandlbinder A, Stoimenova M, Glaab J. Discrepancy between nitrate reduction rates in intact leaves and nitrate reductase activity in leaf extracts: what limits nitrate reduction in situ? Planta 210: 801-807 (2000).

Kamiya A. Oxygen uptake, acidification of medium and nitrate uptake induced by blue light in nitrate-starved Chlorella cells. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 534-540 (2000).

Kamiya A, Saitoh T. Blue-light-control of the uptake of amino acids and of ammonia in Chlorella mutants. Physiol. Plant. 116: 248-254 (2002).

Kang RJ, Shi DJ, Cong W, Cai ZL, Ouyang F. Regulation of CO on heterocyst differentiation and nitrate uptake in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. J. Appl. Microbiol. 98: 693-698 (2005).

Kant S, Bi YM, Weretilnyk E, Barak S, Rothstein SJ. The Arabidopsis halophytic relative, Thellungiella halophila, tolerates nitrogen limiting conditions by maintaining growth, nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Plant Physiol. 147: 1168-1180 (2008).

Karim S, Lundh D, Holmstrom KO, Mandal A, Pirhonen M. Structural and functional characterization of AtPTR3, a stress-induced peptide transporter of Arabidopsis. J. Mol. Model. 11: 226-236 (2005).

Kern M, Simon J. Characterization of the NapGH quinol dehydrogenase complex involved in Wolinella succinogenes nitrate respiration. Mol. Microbiol. 69: 1137-1152 (2008).

King BJ, Siddiqi MY, Ruth TJ, Warner RL, Glass A. Feedback regulation of nitrate influx in barley roots by nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Plant Physiol. 102: 1279-1286 (1993).

Klimek M, Lejczak B, Kafarski P, Forlani G. Metabolism of the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate by a non-nitrate-utilizing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. Pest Manag. Sci. 57: 815-821 (2001).

Klobus G, Ward MR, Huffaker RC. Characteristics of injury and recovery of net NO3- transport of barley seedlings from treatments of NaCl. Plant Physiol. 87: 878-882 (1988).

Kloft N, Forchhammer K. Signal transduction protein PII phosphatase PphA is required for light-dependent control of nitrate utilization in synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6683-6690 (2005).

Koba K, Hirobe M, Koyama L, Kohzu A, Tokuchi N, Nadelhoffer KJ, Wada E, Takeda H. Natural N-15 abundance of plants and soil N in a temperate coniferous forest. Ecosystems 6: 457-469 (2003).

Kobayashi M, Rodriguez R, Lara C, Omata T. Involvement of the C-terminal domain of an ATP-binding subunit in the regulation of the ABC-type nitrate/nitrite transporter of the Cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 27197-27201 (1997).

Kobayashi M, Takatani N, Tanigawa M, Omata T. Posttranslational regulation of nitrate assimilation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J. Bacteriol. 187: 498-506 (2005).

Koch W, Kwart M, Laubner M, Heineke D, Stransky H, Frommer WB, Tegeder M. Reduced amino acid content in transgenic potato tubers due to antisense inhibition of the leaf H+/amino acid symporter StAAP1. Plant J. 33: 211-220 (2003).

Kojima S, Bohner A, Gassert B, Yuan L, von Wirén N. AtDUR3 represents the major transporter for high-affinity urea transport across the plasma membrane of nitrogen-deficient Arabidopsis roots. Plant J. 52: 30-40 (2007).

Kolb KJ, Evans RD. Influence of nitrogen source and concentration on nitrogen isotopic discrimination in two barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1431-1440 (2003).

Kolesnikow T, Schroder I, Gunsalus RP. Regulation of narK gene expression in Escherichia coli in response to anaerobiosis, nitrate, iron, and molybdenum. J. Bacteriol. 174: 7104-7111 (1992).

Koltermann M, Moroni A, Gazzarini S, Nowara D, Tischner R. Cloning, functional expression and expression studies of the nitrate transporter gene from Chlorella sorokiniana (strain 211-8k). Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 855-864 (2003).

Komarova NY, Thor K, Gubler A, Meier S, Dietrich D, Weichert A, Grotemeyer MS, Tegeder M, Rentsch D. AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 transport dipeptides in planta Plant Physiol. 148: 856-869 (2008).

Kopriva S, Suter M, Von Ballmoos P, Hesse H, Krahenbuhl U, Rennenberg H, Brunold C. Interaction of sulfate assimilation with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Lemna minor. Plant Physiol. 130: 1406-1413 (2002).

Koropatkin NM, Koppenaal DW, Pakrasi HB, Smith TJ. The structure of a cyanobacterial bicarbonate transport protein, CMPA. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 2606-2614 (2007).

Koropatkin NM, Pakrasi HB, Smith TJ. Atomic structure of a nitrate-binding protein crucial for photosynthetic productivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 9820-9825 (2006).

Kosegarten H, Hoffmann B, Rroco E, Grolig F, Glusenkamp KH, Mengel K. Apoplastic pH and Fe-III reduction in young sunflower (Helianthus annuus) roots. Physiol. Plant. 122: 95-106 (2004).

Koyama L, Tokuchi N. Effects of NO3- availability on NO3- use in seedlings of three woody shrub species. Tree Physiol. 23: 281-288 (2003).

Kozlowska-Szerenos B, Bialuk I, Maleszewski S. Enhancement of photosynthetic O2 evolution in Chlorella vulgaris under high light and increased CO2 concentration as a sign of acclimation to phosphate deficiency. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 403-409 (2004).

Kreuzwieser J, Furniss S, Rennenberg H. Impact of waterlogging on the N-metabolism of flood tolerant and non-tolerant tree species. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1039-1049 (2002).

Kronzucker HJ, Glass AD, Yaeesh Siddiqi M. Inhibition of nitrate uptake by ammonium in barley. Analysis of component fluxes. Plant Physiol. 120: 283-292 (1999).

Kronzucker HJ, Schjoerring JK, Erner Y, Kirk GJD, Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM. Dynamic interactions between root NH4+ influx and long-distance N translocation in rice: Insights into feedback processes. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 1287-1293 (1998).

Kronzucker HJ, Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM. Compartmentation and flux characteristics of nitrate in spruce. Planta 196: 674-682 (1995).

Kronzucker HJ, Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM. Kinetics of NH4+ influx in spruce. Plant Physiol. 110: 773-779 (1996).

Kruse J, Hetzger I, Hansch R, Mendel RR, Walch-Liu P, Engels C, Rennenberg H. Elevated pCO2 favours nitrate reduction in the roots of wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Gat.) and significantly alters N-metabolism in transformants lacking functional nitrate reductase in the roots. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 2351-2367 (2002).

Kruse J, Kopriva S, Hansch R, Krauss GJ, Mendel RR, Rennenberg H. Interaction of sulfur and nitrogen nutrition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants: significance of nitrogen source and root nitrate reductase. Plant Biol. (Stuttg.) 9: 638-646 (2007).

Kucera I. Passive penetration of nitrate through the plasma membrane of Paracoccus denitrificans and its potentiation by the lipophilic tetraphenylphosphonium cation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1557: 119-124 (2003).

Kucera I. Inhibition by phenylglyoxal of nitrate transport in Paracoccus denitrificans: a comparison with the effect of a protonophorous uncoupler. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 409: 327-334 (2003).

Kumar SN, Singh CP. An analysis of seasonal effects on leaf nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 188: 133-137 (2002).

Kurimoto K, Day DA, Lambers H, Noguchi K. Effect of respiratory homeostasis on plant growth in cultivars of wheat and rice. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 853-862 (2004).

Larsson C-M, Ingemarsson B. Molecular aspects of nitrate uptake in higher plants. In "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation" (JL Wray, JR Kinghorn eds) Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, pp. 3-14 (1989).

Lauter FR, Ninnemann O, Bucher M, Riesmeier JW, Frommer WB. Preferential expression of an ammonium transporter and of two putative nitrate transporters in root hairs of tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 8139-8144 (1996).

Lawlor DW. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield: mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 773-787 (2002).

Lawlor DW, Cornic G. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 275-294 (2002).

Le Bot J, Adamowicz S, Robin P. Modelling plant nutrition of horticultural crops: a review. Scientia Horticulturae 74: 47-82 (1998).

Lea US, Leydecker MT, Quillere I, Meyer C, Lillo C. Posttranslational regulation of nitrate reductase strongly affects the levels of free amino acids and nitrate, whereas transcriptional regulation has only minor influence. Plant Physiol. 140: 1085-1094 (2006).

Lee BR, Jin YL, Avice JC, Cliquet JB, Ourry A, Kim TH. Increased proline loading to phloem and its effects on nitrogen uptake and assimilation in water-stressed white clover (Trifolium repens). New Phytol. 182: 654-663 (2009).

Lee HM, Flores E, Forchhammer K, Herrero A, Tandeau De Marsac N. Phosphorylation of the signal transducer PII protein and an additional effector are required for the PII-mediated regulation of nitrate and nitrite uptake in the Cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 591-600 (2000).

Lee HM, Flores E, Herrero A, Houmard J, Tandeau de Marsac N. A role for the signal transduction protein PII in the control of nitrate/nitrite uptake in a cyanobacterium. FEBS Lett. 427: 291-295 (1998).

Lee JH, Wendt JC, Shanmugam KT. Identification of a new gene, molR, essential for utilization of molybdate by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172: 2079-2087 (1990).

Lee RB, Lewis MJ. Synthesis and 15N-labeling of glutamine and glutamate in maize roots during early stages of 15N-ammonium assimilation. J. Exp. Bot. 45: 767-777 (1994).

Lee RW, Robinson JJ, Cavanaugh CM. Pathways of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in chemoautotrophic bacteria-marine invertebrate symbioses: expression of host and symbiont glutamine synthetase. J. Exp. Biol. 202: 289-300 (1999).

Lejay L, Tillard P, Lepetit M, Olive Fd, Filleur S, Daniel-Vedele F, Gojon A. Molecular and functional regulation of two NO3- uptake systems by N- and C-status of Arabidopsis plants. Plant J. 18: 509-519 (1999).

Li S, Qian Q, Fu Z, Zeng D, Meng X, Kyozuka J, Maekawa M, Zhu X, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y. Short panicle1 encodes a putative PTR family transporter and determines rice panicle size. Plant J. 58: 592-605 (2009).

Li W, Wang Y, Okamoto M, Crawford NM, Siddiqi MY, Glass AD. Dissection of the AtNRT2.1:AtNRT2.2 inducible high-affinity nitrate transporter gene cluster. Plant Physiol. 143: 425-433 (2007).

Li YL, Fan XR, Shen QR. The relationship between rhizosphere nitrification and nitrogen-use efficiency in rice plants. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 73-85 (2008).

Liao MT, Fillery IRP, Palta JA. Early vigorous growth is a major factor influencing nitrogen uptake in wheat. Funct. Plant Biol. 31: 121-129 (2004).

Lillo C. Signalling cascades integrating light-enhanced nitrate metabolism. Biochem. J. 415: 11-19 (2008).

Limami A, Phillipson B, Ameziane R, Pernollet N, Jiang Q, Roy R, Deleens E, Chaumont-Bonnet M, Gresshoff PM, Hirel B. Does root glutamine synthetase control plant biomass production in Lotus japonicus L.? Planta 209: 495-502 (1999).

Lin CM, Koh S, Stacey G, Yu SM, Lin TY, Tsay YF. Cloning and functional characterization of a constitutively expressed nitrate transporter gene, OsNRT1, from rice. Plant Physiol. 122: 379-388 (2000).

Lin JT, Stewart V. Nitrate assimilation by bacteria. Adv. Microbiol. Physiol. 39: 1-30 (1998).

Lin SH, Kuo HF, Canivenc G, Lin CS, Lepetit M, Hsu PK, Tillard P, Lin HL, Wang YY, Tsai CB, Gojon A, Tsay YF. Mutation of the Arabidopsis NRT1.5 nitrate transporter causes defective root-to-shoot nitrate transport. Plant Cell 20: 2514-2528 (2008).

Little DY, Rao H, Oliva S, Daniel-Vedele F, Krapp A, Malamy JE. The putative high-affinity nitrate transporter NRT2.1 represses lateral root initiation in response to nutritional cues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 13693-13698 (2005).

Liu KH, Huang CY, Tsay YF. CHL1 is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter of Arabidopsis involved in multiple phases of nitrate uptake. Plant Cell 11: 865-874 (1999).

Llamas A, Igeno MI, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Nitrate signalling on the nitrate reductase gene promoter depends directly on the activity of the nitrate transport systems in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 30: 261-271 (2002).

Llamas A, Kalakoutskii KL. Molybdenum cofactor amounts in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii depend on the Nit5 gene function related to molybdate transport. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1247-1255 (2000).

Lledo B, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Martinez-Espinosa RM, Bonete MJ. Identification and transcriptional analysis of nitrate assimilation genes in the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Gene 361: 80-88 (2005).

Lomas MW. Nitrate reductase and urease enzyme activity in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae): interactions among nitrogen substrates. Mar. Biol. 144: 37-44 (2004).

Lopez-Bucio J, Cruz-Ramirez A, Herrera-Estrella L. The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 6: 280-287 (2003).

Loque D, Tillard P, Gojon A, Lepetit M. Gene expression of the NO3- transporter NRT1.1 and the nitrate reductase NIA1 is repressed in Arabidopsis roots by NO2-, the product of NO3- reduction. Plant Physiol. 132: 958-967 (2003).

Luque-Almagro VM, Blasco R, Saez LP, Roldan MD, Moreno-Vivian C, Castillo F, Martinez-Luque M. Interactions between nitrate assimilation and 2,4-dinitrophenol cometabolism in Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1. Curr. Microbiol. 53: 37-42 (2006).

Luttge U, Pfeifer T, Fischer-Schliebs E, Ratajczak R. The role of vacuolar malate-transport capacity in Crassulacean acid metabolism and nitrate nutrition. Higher malate-transport capacity in ice plant after Crassulacean acid metabolism-induction and in tobacco under nitrate nutrition. Plant Physiol. 124: 1335-1348 (2000).

Maathuis FJ, Sanders D. Plasma membrane transport in context - making sense out of complexity. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2: 236-243 (1999).

Macduff JH, Bakken AK. Diurnal variation in uptake and xylem contents of inorganic and assimilated N under continuous and interrupted N supply to Phleum pratense and Festuca pratensis. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 431-444 (2003).

Machin F, Medina B, Navarro FJ, Perez MD, Veenhuis M, Tejera P, Lorenzo H, Lancha A, Siverio JM. The role of Ynt1 in nitrate and nitrite transport in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Yeast 21: 265-276 (2004).

Machin F, Perdomo G, Perez MD, Brito N, Siverio JM. Evidence for multiple nitrate uptake systems in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 194: 171-174 (2001).

Maeda S, Sugita C, Sugita M, Omata T. Latent nitrate transport activity of a novel sulfate permease-like protein of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 5869-5876 (2006).

Maevskaya SN, Egorova EA, Bukhov NG. Effect of elevated temperature on nitrite and nitrate reduction in leaves and intact chloroplasts. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 50: 599-603 (2003).

Mahmood T, Woitke M, Gimmler H, Kaiser WM. Sugar exudation by roots of kallar grass [Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth] is strongly affected by the nitrogen source. Planta 214: 887-894 (2002).

Malagoli P, Laine P, Le Deunff E, Rossato L, Ney B, Ourry A. Modeling nitrogen uptake in oilseed rape cv Capitol during a growth cycle using influx kinetics of root nitrate transport systems and field experimental data. Plant Physiol. 134: 388-400 (2004).

Mallick N, Singh AK, Rai LC. Impact of bimetallic combinations of Cu, Ni and Fe on growth rate, uptake of nitrate and ammonium, 14CO2 fixation, nitrate reductase and urease activity of Chlorella vulgaris. Biol. Met. 2: 223-228 (1990).

Mantelin S, Desbrosses G, Larcher M, Tranbarger TJ, Cleyet-Marel JC, Touraine B. Nitrate-dependent control of root architecture and N nutrition are altered by a plant growth-promoting Phyllobacterium sp. Planta 223: 591-603 (2006).

Mantelin S, Touraine B. Plant growth-promoting bacteria and nitrate availability: impacts on root development and nitrate uptake. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 27-34 (2004).

Marchant A, Bhalerao R, Casimiro I, Eklof J, Casero PJ, Bennett M, Sandberg G. AUX1 promotes lateral root formation by facilitating indole-3-acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the Arabidopsis seedling. Plant Cell 14: 589-597 (2002).

Mariscal V, Rexach J, Fernandez E, Galvan A. The plastidic nitrite transporter NAR1;1 improves nitrate use efficiency for growth in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1321-1328 (2004).

Marquez AJ, Betti M, Garcia-Calderon M, Pal'ove-Balang P, Diaz P, Monza J. Nitrate assimilation in Lotus japonicus. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1741-1749 (2005).

Martin DE, Reinhold-Hurek B. Distinct roles of PII-like signal transmitter proteins and amtB in regulation of nif gene expression, nitrogenase activity, and posttranslational modification of NifH in Azoarcus sp strain BH72. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2251-2259 (2002).

Martín Y, Navarro FJ, Siverio JM. Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter CHL1 in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Plant Mol. Biol. 68: 215-224 (2008).

Martinez-Espinosa RM, Lledo B, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Bonete MJ. The effect of ammonium on assimilatory nitrate reduction in the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Extremophiles 11: 759-767 (2007).

Matt P, Geiger M, Walch-Liu P, Engels C, Krapp A, Stitt M. The immediate cause of the diurnal changes of nitrogen metabolism in leaves of nitrate-replete tobacco: a major imbalance… Plant Cell Environ. 24: 177-190 (2001).

McCallum JA, Pither-Joyce M, Shaw M. Sulfur deprivation and genotype affect gene expression and metabolism of onion roots. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127: 583-589 (2002).

McNicholas PM, Gunsalus RP. The molybdate-responsive Escherichia coli ModE transcriptional regulator coordinates periplasmic nitrate reductase (napFDAGHBC) operon expression with nitrate and molybdate availability. J. Bacteriol. 184: 3253-3259 (2002).

Meharg AA, Blatt MR. NO3- transport across the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs: kinetic control by pH and membrane voltage. J. Membr. Biol. 145: 49-66 (1995).

Mendel RR. Biology of the molybdenum cofactor. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2289-2296 (2007).

Mendel RR, Hansch R. Molybdoenzymes and molybdenum cofactor in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1689-1698 (2002).

Merchan F, Kindle KL, Llama MJ, Serra JL, Fernandez E. Cloning and sequencing of the nitrate transport system from the thermophilic, filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum: comparative analysis with the homologous system from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Plant Mol. Biol. 28: 759-766 (1995).

Merigout P, Lelandais M, Bitton F, Renou JP, Briand X, Meyer C, Daniel-Vedele F. Physiological and transcriptomic aspects of urea uptake and assimilation in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Physiol. 147: 1225-1238 (2008).

Metheringham R, Tyson KL, Crooke H, Missiakas D, Raina S, Cole JA. Effects of mutations in genes for proteins involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm on the activities of anaerobically induced electron transfer chains in Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 253: 95-102 (1996).

Meuriot F, Avice JC, Simon JC, Laine P, Decau ML, Ourry A. Influence of initial organic N reserves and residual leaf area on growth, N uptake, N partitioning and N storage in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) during post-cutting regrowth. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 94: 311-321 (2004).

Miflin BJ, Habash DZ. The role of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen assimilation and possibilities for improvement in the nitrogen utilization of crops. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 979-987 (2002).

Miller AE, Bowman WD. Variation in nitrogen-15 natural abundance and nitrogen uptake traits among co-occurring alpine species: do species partition by nitrogen form?. Oecologia 130: 609-616 (2002).

Miller AJ, Fan X, Orsel M, Smith SJ, Wells DM. Nitrate transport and signalling. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2297-2306 (2007).

Miller AJ, Fan X, Shen Q, Smith SJ. Amino acids and nitrate as signals for the regulation of nitrogen acquisition. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 111-119 (2008).

Miller BD, Hawkins BJ. Ammonium and nitrate uptake, nitrogen productivity and biomass allocation in interior spruce families with contrasting growth rates and mineral nutrient preconditioning. Tree Physiol. 27: 901-909 (2007).

Min X, Siddiqi MY, Guy RD, Glass ADM, Kronzucker HJ. A comparative study of fluxes and compartmentation of nitrate and ammonium in early-successional tree species. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 821-830 (1999).

Min X, Siddiqi MY, Guy RD, Glass ADM, Kronzucker HJ. Induction of nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity in trembling aspen and lodgepole pine. Plant Cell Environ. 21: 1039-1046 (1998).

Min X, Siddiqi MY, Guy RD, Glass ADM, Kronzucker HJ. A comparative kinetic analysis of nitrate and ammonium influx in two early-successional tree species of temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 321-328 (2000).

Minagawa N, Yoshimoto A. Purification and characterization of the assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase of Aspergillus nidulans. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 91: 761-774 (1982).

Modolo LV, Augusto O, Almeida IM, Magalhaes JR, Salgado I. Nitrite as the major source of nitric oxide production by Arabidopsis thaliana in response to Pseudomonas syringae. FEBS Lett. 579: 3814-3920 (2005).

Moir JW, Wood NJ. Nitrate and nitrite transport in bacteria. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58: 215-224 (2001).

Montanini B, Viscomi AR, Bolchi A, Martin Y, Siverio JM, Balestrini R, Bonfante P, Ottonello S. Functional properties and differential mode of regulation of the nitrate transporter from a plant symbiotic ascomycete. Biochem. J. 394: 125-134 (2006).

Mora C, Witt FG, Aparicio PJ, Quinones MA. Independent induction of two blue light-dependent monovalent anion transport systems in the plasma membrane of Monoraphidium braunii. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1909-1918 (2002).

Morard P, Lacoste L, Silvestre J. Effect of oxygen deficiency on mineral nutrition of excised tomato roots. J. Plant Nutr. 27: 613-626 (2004).

Morard P, Silvestre J, Lacoste L, Caumes E, Lamaze T. Nitrate uptake and nitrite release by tomato roots in response to anoxia. J. Plant Physiol. 161: 855-865 (2004).

Moreau D, Voisin AS, Salon C, Munier-Jolain N. The model symbiotic association between Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong and Rhizobium meliloti strain 2011 leads to N-stressed plants when symbiotic N2 fixation is the main N source for plant growth. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 3509-3522 (2008).

Mosulen S, Dominguez MJ, Vigara J, Vilchez C, Guiraum A, Vega JM. Metal toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Effect on sulfate and nitrate assimilation. Biomol. Eng. 20: 199-203 (2003).

Mouncey NJ, Mitchenall LA, Pau RN. Mutational analysis of genes of the mod locus involved in molybdenum transport, homeostasis, and processing in Azotobacter vinelandii. J. Bacteriol. 177: 5294-5302 (1995).

Mulholland MR, Ohki K, Capone DG. Nutrient controls on nitrogen uptake and metabolism by natural populations and cultures of Trichodesmium (Cyanobacteria). J. Phycol. 37: 1001-1009 (2001).

Munos S, Cazettes C, Fizames C, Gaymard F, Tillard P, Lepetit M, Lejay L, Gojon A. Transcript profiling in the chl1-5 mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a role of the nitrate transporter NRT1.1 in the regulation of another nitrate transporter, NRT2.1. Plant Cell 16: 2433-2447 (2004).

Muscolo A, Panuccio MR, Sidari M, Sessi E, Nardi S. Alteration of amino acid metabolism by humic substances during germination of Pinus laricio seeds. Seed Sci. Technol. 30: 205-210 (2002).

Navarro FJ, Machin F, Martin Y, Siverio JM. Down-regulation of eukaryotic nitrate transporter by nitrogen-dependent ubiquitinylation. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 13268-13274 (2006).

Navarro FJ, Martín Y, Siverio JM. Phosphorylation of the yeast nitrate transporter YNT1 is essential for delivery to the plasma membrane during nitrogen limitation. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 31208-31217 (2008).

Navarro FJ, Perdomo G, Tejera P, Medina B, Machin H, Guillen RM, Lancha A, Siverio JM. The role of nitrate reductase in the regulation of the nitrate assimilation pathway in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. FEMS Yeast Res. 4: 149-155 (2003).

Navarro MT, Guerra E, Fernandez E, Galvan A. Nitrite reductase mutants as an approach to understanding nitrate assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 122: 283-290 (2000).

Navarro MT, Mariscal V, Macias MI, Fernandez E, Galvan A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains expressing nitrate reductase under control of the cabII-1 promoter: isolation of chlorate resistant mutants and identification of new loci for nitrate assimilation. Photosynth. Res. 83: 151-161 (2005).

Nazoa P, Vidmar JJ, Tranbarger TJ, Mouline K, Damiani I, Tillard P, Zhuo D, Glass AD, Touraine B. Regulation of the nitrate transporter gene AtNRT2.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana: responses to nitrate, amino acids and developmental stage. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 689-703 (2003).

Negi S, Ivanchenko MG, Muday GK. Ethylene regulates lateral root formation and auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 55: 175-187 (2008).

Neill S, Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock J, Harrison J, Wilson I. Nitric oxide evolution and perception. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 25-35 (2008).

Neumann PM, De Souza MP, Pickering IJ, Terry N. Rapid microalgal metabolism of selenate to volatile dimethylselenide. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 897-905 (2003).

Newman IA. Ion transport in roots: measurement of fluxes using ion-selective microelectrodes to characterize transporter function. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 1-14 (2001).

Nichol BE, Oliveira LA, Glass A, Siddiqi MY. The effects of aluminum on the influx of calcium, potassium, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate in an aluminum-sensitive cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Physiol. 101: 1263-1266 (1993).

Nikolic M, Romheld V. Nitrate does not result in iron inactivation in the apoplast of sunflower leaves. Plant Physiol. 132: 1303-1314 (2003).

Nilavongse A, Brondijk TH, Overton TW, Richardson DJ, Leach ER, Cole JA. The NapF protein of the Escherichia coli periplasmic nitrate reductase system: demonstration of a cytoplasmic location and interaction with the catalytic subunit, NapA. Microbiology 152: 3227-3237 (2006).

Nishimura T, Teramoto H, Vertes AA, Inui M, Yukawa H. ArnR, a novel transcriptional regulator, represses expression of the narKGHJI operon in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3264-3273 (2008).

Nobuyasu H, Liu S, Adu-Gyamfi JJ, Mohapatra PK, Fujita K. Variation in the export of C-13 and N-15 from soybean leaf: the effects of nitrogen application and sink removal. Plant Soil 253: 331-339 (2003).

Nordin A, Schmidt IK, Shaver GR. Nitrogen uptake by arctic soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply. Ecology 85: 955-962 (2004).

Oaks A, Sivasankar S, Goodfellow VJ. The specificity of methionine sulfoximine and azaserine inhibition in plant tissues. Phytochemistry 49: 355-357 (1998).

Okamoto M, Kumar A, Li W, Wang Y, Siddiqi MY, Crawford NM, Glass AD. High-affinity nitrate transport in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana depends on expression of the NAR2-like gene AtNRT3.1. Plant Physiol. 140: 1036-1046 (2006).

Okamoto M, Okada K. Differential responses of growth and nitrogen uptake to organic nitrogen in four gramineous crops. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1577-1585 (2004).

Omata T, Andriesse X, Hirano A. Identification and characterization of a gene cluster involved in nitrate transport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Mol. Gen. Genet. 236: 193-202 (1993).

Orsel M, Chopin F, Leleu O, Smith SJ, Krapp A, Daniel-Vedele F, Miller AJ. Characterisation of a two component high affinity nitrate uptake system in Arabidopsis. Physiology and protein-protein interaction. Plant Physiol. 142: 1304-1317 (2006).

Orsel M, Eulenburg K, Krapp A, Daniel-Vedele F. Disruption of the nitrate transporter genes AtNRT2.1 and AtNRT2.2 restricts growth at low external nitrate concentration. Planta 219: 714-721 (2004).

Orsel M, Filleur S, Fraisier V, Daniel-Vedele F. Nitrate transport in plants: which gene and which control? J. Exp. Bot. 53: 825-833 (2002).

Orsel M, Krapp A, Daniel-Vedele F. Analysis of the NRT2 nitrate transporter family in Arabidopsis. Structure and gene expression. Plant Physiol. 129: 886-896 (2002).

Oswald O, Martin T, Dominy PJ, Graham IA. Plastid redox state and sugars: interactive regulators of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 2047-2052 (2001).

Packard T, Blasco D, Estrada M. Modeling physiological processes in plankton on enzyme kinetic principles. Sci. Mar. 68: 49-56 (2004).

Padgett PE, Leonard RT. Contamination of ammonium-based nutrient solutions by nitrifying organisms and the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. Plant Physiol. 101: 141-146 (1993).

Pan WL, Jackson WA, Moll RH. Nitrate uptake and partitioning by corn root systems: Differential effects of ammonium among genotypes and stages of root development. Plant Physiol. 77: 560-566 (1985).

Pandey KD, Shukla SP, Shukla PN, Giri DD, Singh JS, Singh P, Kashyap AK. Cyanobacteria in Antarctica: ecology, physiology and cold adaptation. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 50: 575-584 (2004).

Panesar NS, Chan KW. Evidence for nitrite reductase activity in intact mouse Leydig tumor cells. Steroids 71: 984-992 (2006).

Paz-Yepes J, Flores E, Herrero A. Transcriptional effects of the signal transduction protein P(II) (glnB gene product) on NtcA-dependent genes in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. FEBS Lett. 543: 42-46 (2003).

Pellny TK, Van Aken O, Dutilleul C, Wolff T, Groten K, Bor M, De Paepe R, Reyss A, Van Breusegem F, Noctor G, Foyer CH. Mitochondrial respiratory pathways modulate nitrate sensing and nitrogen-dependent regulation of plant architecture in Nicotiana sylvestris. Plant J. 54: 976-992 (2008).

Perez MD, Gonzalez C, Avila J, Brito N, Siverio JM. The YNT1 gene encoding the nitrate transporter in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is clustered with genes YNI1 and YNR1 encoding nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase, and its disruption causes inability to grow in nitrate. Biochem. J. 321: 397-403 (1997).

Perry JR, Basrai MA, Steiner HY, Naider F, Becker JM. Isolation and characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 104-115 (1994).

Peuke AD, Jeschke WD, Hartung W. Flows of elements, ions and abscisic acid in Ricinus communis and site of nitrate reduction under potassium limitation. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 241-250 (2002).

Pino C, Olmo-Mira F, Cabello P, Martinez-Luque M, Castillo F, Roldan MD, Moreno-Vivian C. The assimilatory nitrate reduction system of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 127-129 (2006).

Pittman MS, Kelly DJ. Electron transport through nitrate and nitrite reductases in Campylobacter jejuni. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 190-192 (2005).

Planchet E, Jagadis Gupta K, Sonoda M, Kaiser WM. Nitric oxide emission from tobacco leaves and cell suspensions: rate limiting factors and evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial electron transport. Plant J. 41: 732-743 (2005).

Planchet E, Kaiser WM. Nitric oxide (NO) detection by DAF fluorescence and chemiluminescence: a comparison using abiotic and biotic NO sources. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3043-3055 (2006).

Plassard C, Guerin-Laguette A, Very AA, Casarin V, Thibaud JB. Local measurements of nitrate and potassium fluxes along roots of maritime pine. Effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 75-84 (2002).

Plhak F. Nitrogen supply through transpiration mass flow can limit nitrogen nutrition of plants. Plant Soil Environ. 49: 473-479 (2003).

Polcyn W, Lucinski R. Aerobic and anaerobic nitrate and nitrite reduction in free-living cells of Bradyrhizobium sp (Lupinus). FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 226: 331-337 (2003).

Poonnachit U, Darnell R. Effect of ammonium and nitrate on ferric chelate reductase and nitrate reductase in Vaccinium species. Ann. Bot. 93: 399-405 (2004).

Poonnachit U, Darnell R. Effect of ammonium and nitrate on ferric chelate reductase and nitrate reductase in Vaccinium species. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 93: 399-405 (2004).

Poortinga AM, de Kok LJ. Sulfate and thiol levels in roots and shoot of sulfur-deprived spinach plants as affected by high pedospheric sulfate levels. Phyton-Ann. REI Bot. 40: 95-102 (2000).

Popova OV, Dietz KJ, Golldack D. Salt-dependent expression of a nitrate transporter and two amino acid transporter genes in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 569-578 (2003).

Pouliquin P, Boyer JC, Grouzis JP, Gibrat R. Passive nitrate transport by root plasma membrane vesicles exhibits an acidic optimal pH like the H(+)-ATPase. Plant Physiol. 122: 265-274 (2000).

Pourtau N, Jennings R, Pelzer E, Pallas J, Wingler A. Effect of sugar-induced senescence on gene expression and implications for the regulation of senescence in Arabidopsis. Planta 224: 556-568 (2006).

Pregitzer KS, Burton AJ, Mroz GD, Liechty HO, MacDonald NW. Foliar sulfur and nitrogen along an 800-km pollution gradient. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 1761-1769 (1992).

Premakumar R, Sorger GJ, Gooden D. Nitrogen metabolite repression of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 137: 1119-1126 (1979).

Price J, Laxmi A, St Martin SK, Jang JC. Global transcription profiling reveals multiple sugar signal transduction mechanisms in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 16: 2128-2150 (2004).

Prieto R, Dubus A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Isolation and characterization of two new negative regulatory mutants for nitrate assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii obtained by insertional mutagenesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 251: 461-471 (1996).

Prieto R, Fernandez E. Toxicity of and mutagenesis by chlorate are independent of nitrate reductase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol. Gen. Genet. 237: 429-438 (1993).

Prosser IM, Massonneau A, Smyth AJ, Waterhouse RN, Forde BG, Clarkson DT. Nitrate assimilation in the forage legume Lotus japonicus L. Planta 223: 821-834 (2006).

Prosser IM, Purves JV, Saker LR, Clarkson DT. Rapid disruption of nitrogen metabolism and nitrate transport in spinach plants deprived of sulphate. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 113-121 (2001).

Provan F, Aksland LM, Meyer C, Lillo C. Deletion of the nitrate reductase N-terminal domain still allows binding of 14-3-3 proteins but affects their inhibitory properties. Plant Physiol. 123: 757-764 (2000).

Quaggiotti S, Ruperti B, Borsa P, Destro T, Malagoli M. Expression of a putative high-affinity NO3- transporter and of an H+-ATPase in relation to whole plant nitrate transport physiology in two maize genotypes differently responsive to low nitrogen availability. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1023-1031 (2003).

Quaggiotti S, Ruperti B, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Tugnoli V, Nardi S. Effect of low molecular size humic substances on nitrate uptake and expression of genes involved in nitrate transport in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Exp. Bot. 55: 803-813 (2004).

Quesada A, Fernandez E. Expression of nitrate assimilation related genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 185-194 (1994).

Quesada A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Identification of nitrate transporter genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 5: 407-419 (1994).

Quesada A, Galvan A, Schnell RA, Lefebvre PA, Fernandez E. Five nitrate assimilation-related loci are clustered in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol. Gen. Genet. 240: 387-394 (1993).

Quesada A, Gomez I, Fernandez E. Clustering of the nitrite reductase gene and a light-regulated gene with nitrate assimilation loci in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 206: 259-265 (1998).

Quesada A, Hidalgo J, Fernandez E. Three Nrt2 genes are differentially regulated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol. Gen. Genet. 258: 373-377 (1998).

Quesada A, Krapp A, Trueman LJ, Daniel-Vedele F, Fernandez E, Forde BG, Caboche M. PCR-identification of a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cDNA homologous to the high-affinity nitrate transporters of the crnA family. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 265-274 (1997).

Quinones MA, Galvan A, Fernandez E, Aparicio PJ. Blue-light requirement for the biosynthesis of an NO2- transport system in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nitrate transport mutant S10. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 1169-1175 (1999).

Rachmilevitch S, Lambers H, Huang B. Root respiratory characteristics associated with plant adaptation to high soil temperature for geothermal and turf-type Agrostis species. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 623-631 (2006).

Radcliffe SA, Miller AJ, Ratcliffe RG. Microelectrode and Cs-133 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for variable cytosolic and cytoplasmic nitrate pools in maize root tips. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1379-1387 (2005).

Rai AK, Tiwari SP. Mutants of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp PCC 7120 altered in nitrate transport and reduction. Curr. Microbiol. 39: 237-243 (1999).

Rai AK, Tiwari SP. Response to NaCl of nitrate assimilation and nitrogenase activity of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and its mutants. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87: 877-883 (1999).

Rai PK, Mallick N, Rai LC. Effect of Cu and Ni on growth, mineral uptake, photosynthesis and enzyme activities of Chlorella vulgaris at different pH values. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 7: 56-67 (1994).

Rai PK, Mallick N, Rai LC. Effect of nickel on certain physiological and biochemical behaviors of an acid tolerant Chlorella vulgaris. Biometals 7: 193-200 (1994).

Rai PK, Rai LC. Interactive effects of UV-B and Cu on photosynthesis, uptake and metabolism of nutrients in a green alga Chlorella vulgaris under simulated ozone column. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 43: 281-288 (1997).

Ramirez S, Moreno R, Zafra O, Castan P, Valles C, Berenguer J. Two nitrate/nitrite transporters are encoded within the mobilizable plasmid for nitrate respiration of Thermus thermophilus HB8. J. Bacteriol. 182: 2179-2183 (2000).

Rao TP, Yano K, Iijima M, Yamauchi A, Tatsumi J. Regulation of rhizosphere acidification by photosynthetic activity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 89: 213-220 (2002).

Rapheal SV, Swaminathan KR, Lalitha K. Metabolic characteristics of an aerobe isolated from a methylotrophic methanogenic enrichment culture. J. Biosci. 28: 235-242 (2003).

Redding AM, Mukhopadhyay A, Joyner DC, Hazen TC, Keasling JD. Study of nitrate stress in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough using iTRAQ proteomics. Brief Funct. Genomic Proteomic 5: 133-143 (2006).

Rees T, Larson TR, Heldens J, Huning F. In situ glutamine synthetase activity in a marine unicellular alga. Development of a sensitive colorimetric assay and the effects of nitrogen status on enzyme activity. Plant Physiol. 109: 1405-1410 (1995).

Remans T, Nacry P, Pervent M, Filleur S, Diatloff E, Mounier E, Tillard P, Forde BG, Gojon A. The Arabidopsis NRT1.1 transporter participates in the signaling pathway triggering root colonization of nitrate-rich patches. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 19206-19211 (2006).

Remans T, Nacry P, Pervent M, Girin T, Tillard P, Lepetit M, Gojon A. A central role for the nitrate transporter NRT2.1 in the integrated morphological and physiological responses of the root system to N limitation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 140: 909-921 (2006).

Rentsch D, Laloi M, Rouhara I, Schmelzer E, Delrot S, Frommer WB. NTR1 encodes a high affinity oligopeptide transporter in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett. 370: 264-268 (1995).

Rexach J, Fernandez E, Galvan A. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Nar1 gene encodes a chloroplast membrane protein involved in nitrite transport. Plant Cell 12: 1441-1454 (2000).

Rexach J, Llamas A, Fernandez E, Galvan A. The activity of the high-affinity nitrate transport system I (NRT2;1, NAR2) is responsible for the efficient signalling of nitrate assimilation genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 215: 606-611 (2002).

Reyes JC, Florencio FJ. A mutant lacking the glutamine synthetase gene (glnA) is impaired in the regulation of the nitrate assimilation system in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J. Bacteriol. 176: 7516-7523 (1994).

Richard-Molard C, Krapp A, Brun F, Ney B, Daniel-Vedele F, Chaillou S. Plant response to nitrate starvation is determined by N storage capacity matched by nitrate uptake capacity in two Arabidopsis genotypes. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 779-791 (2008).

Rigobello-Masini M, Masini JC, Aidar E. The profiles of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activity in batch cultivation of the marine microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis growing under different aeration conditions. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 57: 18-25 (2006).

Rivero GC, Tremblay MF, Charest C, Laliberte S. Effect of nitrogen stress on growth, soluble metabolites, and glutamine synthetase activity of Jack pine callus cultures. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 443-455 (2002).

Rodriguez R, Kobayashi M, Omata T, Lara C. Independence of carbon and nitrogen control in the posttranslational regulation of nitrate transport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. FEBS Lett. 432: 207-212 (1998).

Rodriguez R, Lara C, Guerrero MG. Nitrate transport in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. Kinetic and energetic aspects. Biochem. J. 282: 639-643 (1992).

Rossato L, MacDuff JH, Laine P, Le Deunff E, Ourry A. Nitrogen storage and remobilization in Brassica napus L. during the growth cycle: effects of methyl jasmonate on nitrate uptake, senescence, growth, and VSP accumulation. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1131-1141 (2002).

Rowe JJ, Ubbink-Kok T, Molenaar D, Konings WN, Driessen AJ. NarK is a nitrite-extrusion system involved in anaerobic nitrate respiration by Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 12: 579-586 (1994).

Ruan J, Gerendas J, Hardter R, Sattelmacher B. Effect of nitrogen form and root-zone pH on growth and nitrogen uptake of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 301-10 (2007).

Rubio L, Linares-Rueda A, Garcia-Sanchez MJ, Fernandez JA. Physiological evidence for a sodium-dependent high-affinity phosphate and nitrate transport at the plasma membrane of leaf and root cells of Zostera marina L. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 613-622 (2005).

Ruiz-Lozano JM, Collados C, Porcel R, Azcon R, Barea JM. Identification of a cDNA from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices that is expressed during mycorrhizal symbiosis and up-regulated by N fertilization. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 15: 360-367 (2002).

Sagi M, Fluhr R, Lips SH. Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in a flacca tomato mutant with deficient abscisic acid and wilty phenotype. Plant Physiol. 120: 571-578 (1999).

Sakamoto T, Bryant DA. Nitrate transport and not photoinhibition limits growth of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus species PCC 6301 at low temperature. Plant Physiol. 119: 785-94 (1999).

Sakamoto T, Inoue-Sakamoto K, Bryant DA. A novel nitrate/nitrite permease in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. J. Bacteriol. 181: 7363-7372 (1999).

Sakihama Y, Nakamura S, Yamasaki H. Nitric oxide production mediated by nitrate reductase in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an alternative NO production pathway in photosynthetic organisms. Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 290-297 (2002).

Santi S, Locci G, Monte R, Pinton R, Varanini Z. Induction of nitrate uptake in maize roots: expression of a putative high-affinity nitrate transporter and plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoforms. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1851-1864 (2003).

Sas L, Rengel Z, Tang C. The effect of nitrogen nutrition on cluster root formation and proton extrusion by Lupinus albus. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 89: 435-442 (2002).

Saxena RK, Pandey PK, Bisen PS. Physiological and biochemical alterations in Anabaena 7120 under iron stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 40: 594-599 (2002).

Scheible WR, Morcuende R, Czechowski T, Fritz C, Osuna D, Palacios-Rojas N, Schindelasch D, Thimm O, Udvardi MK, Stitt M. Genome-wide reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism, protein synthesis, cellular growth processes, and the regulatory infrastructure of Arabidopsis in response to nitrogen. Plant Physiol. 136: 2483-2499 (2004).

Scheurwater I, Koren M, Lambers H, Atkin OK. The contribution of roots and shoots to whole plant nitrate reduction in fast- and slow-growing grass species. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1635-1642 (2002).

Schlag S, Fuchs S, Nerz C, Gaupp R, Engelmann S, Liebeke M, Lalk M, Hecker M, Gotz F. Characterization of the oxygen-responsive NreABC regulon of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 190: 7847-7858 (2008).

Schofield RA, Bi YM, Kant S, Rothstein SJ. Over-expression of STP13, a hexose transporter, improves plant growth and nitrogen use in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Cell Environ. 32: 271-285 (2009).

Schulte M, Von Ballmoos P, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. Life-long growth of Quercus ilex L. at natural CO2 springs acclimates sulphur, nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism of the progeny to elevated pCO(2). Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1715-1727 (2002).

Searles PS, Bloom AJ. Nitrate photo-assimilation in tomato leaves under short-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide and low oxygen. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1247-1255 (2003).

Seginer I, Bleyaert P, Breugelmans M. Modelling ontogenetic changes of nitrogen and water content in lettuce. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 94: 393-404 (2004).

Sehnke PC, Ferl RJ. Plant metabolism: enzyme regulation by 14-3-3 proteins. Curr. Biol. 6: 1403-1405 (1996).

Seiffert B, Zhou ZW, Wallbraun M, Lohaus G, Mollers C. Expression of a bacterial asparagine synthetase gene in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and its effect on traits related to nitrogen efficiency. Physiol. Plant. 121: 656-665 (2004).

Self WT, Grunden AM, Hasona A, Shanmugam KT. Transcriptional regulation of molybdoenzyme synthesis in Escherichia coli in response to molybdenum: ModE-molybdate, a repressor of the modABCD (molybdate transport) operon is a secondary transcriptional activator for the hyc and nar operons. Microbiology 145: 41-55 (1999).

Shachar-Hill Y, Pfeffer PE, Ratcliffe RG. Measuring nitrate in plant cells by in vivo NMR using Gd3+ as a shift reagent. J. Magnetic Res. B. 111: 9-14 (1996).

Shapiro AD. Nitric oxide signaling in plants. Vitam. Horm. 72: 339-398 (2005).

Sharma V, Noriega CE, Rowe JJ. Involvement of NarK1 and NarK2 proteins in transport of nitrate and nitrite in the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 695-701 (2006).

Sherameti I, Sopory SK, Trebicka A, Pfannschmidt T, Oelmuller R. Photosynthetic electron transport determines nitrate reductase gene expression and activity in higher plants. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 46594-46600 (2002).

Shimono H, Bunce JA. Acclimation of nitrogen uptake capacity of rice to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 103: 87-94 (2009).

Simon J, Einsle O, Kroneck PM, Zumft WG. The unprecedented nos gene cluster of Wolinella succinogenes encodes a novel respiratory electron transfer pathway to cytochrome c nitrous oxide reductase. FEBS Lett. 569: 7-12 (2004).

Simon J, Gross R, Einsle O, Kroneck PM, Kroger A, Klimmek O. A NapC/NirT-type cytochrome c (NrfH) is the mediator between the quinone pool and the cytochrome c nitrite reductase of Wolinella succinogenes. Mol. Microbiol. 35: 686-696 (2000).

Simon J, Sanger M, Schuster SC, Gross R. Electron transport to periplasmic nitrate reductase (NapA) of Wolinella succinogenes is independent of a NapC protein. Mol. Microbiol. 49: 69-79 (2003).

Singh B, Chauhan VS, Singh S, Bisen PS. Physiological alterations and regulation of heterocyst and nitrogenase formation in Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain of Anabaena variabilis. Curr. Microbiol. 45: 315-322 (2002).

Singh N, Ma LQ, Vu JC, Raj A. Effects of arsenic on nitrate metabolism in arsenic hyperaccumulating and non-hyperaccumulating ferns. Environ. Pollut. 157: 2300-2305 (2009).

Sivasankar S, Rothstein S, Oaks A. Regulation of the accumulation and reduction of nitrate by nitrogen and carbon metabolites in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. 114: 583-589 (1997).

Siverio J. Assimilation of nitrate by yeasts. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26: 277 (2002).

Siverio JM. Assimilation of nitrate by yeasts. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26: 277-284 (2002).

Slot JC, Hibbett DS. Horizontal transfer of a nitrate assimilation gene cluster and ecological transitions in fungi: a phylogenetic study. PLoS ONE 2: e1097 (2007).

Sohaskey CD. Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by oxygen and nitric oxide. Microbiology 151: 3803-3810 (2005).

Sohaskey CD, Modesti L. Differences in nitrate reduction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are due to differential expression of both narGHJI and narK2. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 290: 129-134 (2009).

Sohaskey CD, Wayne LG. Role of narK2X and narGHJI in hypoxic upregulation of nitrate reduction by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 185: 7247-7256 (2003).

Sonoda Y, Ikeda A, Saiki S, Yamaya T, Yamaguchi J. Feedback regulation of the ammonium transporter gene family AMT1 by glutamine in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 1396-1402 (2003).

Sparks JP, Monson RK, Sparks KL, Lerdau M. Leaf uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a tropical wet forest: implications for tropospheric chemistry. Oecologia 127: 214-221 (2001).

Stangeland B, Nestestog R, Grini PE, Skrbo N, Berg A, Salehian Z, Mandal A, Aalen RB. Molecular analysis of Arabidopsis endosperm and embryo promoter trap lines: reporter-gene expression can result from T-DNA insertions in antisense orientation, in introns and in intergenic regions, in addition to sense insertion at the 5' end of genes. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2495-2505 (2005).

Starkenburg SR, Arp DJ, Bottomley PJ. Expression of a putative nitrite reductase and the reversible inhibition of nitrite-dependent respiration by nitric oxide in Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255. Environ. Microbiol. 10: 3036-3042 (2008).

Steffen D, Doring O, Busch MA, Bottger M, Luthje S. Interaction between electron transport at the plasma membrane and nitrate uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) roots. Protoplasma 217: 70-76 (2001).

Steiner HY, Song W, Zhang L, Naider F, Becker JM, Stacey G. An Arabidopsis peptide transporter is a member of a new class of membrane transport proteins. Plant Cell 6: 1289-1299 (1994).

Stewart V, Bledsoe PJ, Williams SB. Dual overlapping promoters control napF (periplasmic nitrate reductase) operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5862-5870 (2003).

Stitt M. Nitrate regulation of metabolism and growth. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2: 178-186 (1999).

Stitt M, Krapp A. The interaction between elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition: the physiological and molecular background. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 583-621 (1999).

Stitt M, Muller C, Matt P, Gibon Y, Carillo P, Morcuende R, Scheible WR, Krapp A. Steps towards an integrated view of nitrogen metabolism. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 959-970 (2002).

Stuiver CEE, DeKok LJ, Westerman S. Sulfur deficiency in Brassica oleracea L: Development, biochemical characterization, and sulfur/nitrogen interactions. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 44: 505-513 (1997).

Sueyoshi K, Kleinhofs A, Warner RL. Expression of NADH-specific and NAD(P)H-bispecific nitrate reductase genes in response to nitrate in barley. Plant Physiol. 107: 1303-1311 (1995).

Sugiura M, Georgescu MN, Takahashi M. A nitrite transporter associated with nitrite uptake by higher plant chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 1022-1035 (2007).

Takatani N, Kobayashi M, Maeda S, Omata T. Regulation of nitrate reductase by non-modifiable derivatives of PII in the cells of Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942. Plant Cell Physiol. 47: 1182-1186 (2006).

Tanaka Y, Yano K. Nitrogen delivery to maize via mycorrhizal hyphae depends on the form of N supplied. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1247-1254 (2005).

Tanapongpipat S, Reid E, Cole JA, Crooke H. Transcriptional control and essential roles of the Escherichia coli ccm gene products in formate-dependent nitrite reduction and cytochrome c synthesis. Biochem. J. 334: 355-365 (1998).

Taniguchi M, Taniguchi Y, Kawasaki M, Takeda S, Kato T, Sato S, Tabata S, Miyake H, Sugiyama T. Identifying and characterizing plastidic 2-oxoglutarate/malate and dicarboxylate transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 706-717 (2002).

Tejada-Jimenez M, Llamas A, Sanz-Luque E, Galvan A, Fernandez E. A high-affinity molybdate transporter in eukaryotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 20126-20130 (2007).

Teklemariam TA, Sparks JP. Gaseous fluxes of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) into plant leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1149-1158 (2004).

Temple SJ, Vance CP, Gantt JS. Glutamate synthase and nitrogen assimilation. Trends Plant Sci. 3: 51-56 (1998).

Thiel T, Pratte B, Zahalak M. Transport of molybdate in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Arch. Microbiol. 179: 50-56 (2002).

Thomas SP, Shanmugasundaram S. Osmoregulatory role of alanine during salt stress in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. 287. Biochem. Int. 23: 93-102 (1991).

Thornton B. Inhibition of nitrate influx by glutamine in Lolium perenne depends upon the contribution of the HATS to the total influx. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 761-769 (2004).

Thornton B, Osborne SM, Paterson E, Cash P. A proteomic and targeted metabolomic approach to investigate change in Lolium perenne roots when challenged with glycine. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 1581-1590 (2007).

Thornton B, Robinson D. Uptake and assimilation of nitrogen from solutions containing multiple N sources. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 813-821 (2005).

Tischner R. Nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lower plants. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1005-1024 (2000).

Todd CD, Zeng P, Huete AM, Hoyos ME, Polacco JC. Transcripts of MYB-like genes respond to phosphorous and nitrogen deprivation in Arabidopsis. Planta 219: 1003-1009 (2004).

Tong Y, Zhou JJ, Li Z, Miller AJ. A two-component high-affinity nitrate uptake system in barley. Plant J. 41: 442-450 (2005).

Tranbarger TJ, Al-Ghazi Y, Muller B, De la Serve BT, Doumas P, Touraine B. Transcription factor genes with expression correlated to nitrate-related root plasticity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 459-469 (2003).

Tripathi BN, Gaur JP. Physiological behavior of Scenedesmus sp. during exposure to elevated levels of Cu and Zn and after withdrawal of metal stress. Protoplasma 229: 1-9 (2006).

Tsay YF, Chiu CC, Tsai CB, Ho CH, Hsu PK. Nitrate transporters and peptide transporters. FEBS Lett. 581: 2290-2300 (2007).

Tsujimoto R, Yamazaki H, Maeda S, Omata T. Distinct roles of nitrate and nitrite in regulation of expression of the nitrate transport genes in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 484-497 (2007).

Tyagi R, Kumar A, Tyagi MB, Jha PN, Kumar HD, Sinha RP, Hader DP. Protective role of certain chemicals against UV-B-induced damage in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum. J. Basic Microbiol. 43: 137-147 (2003).

Unkles SE, Hawker KL, Grieve C, Campbell EI, Montague P, Kinghorn JR. crnA encodes a nitrate transporter in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88: 204-208 (1991).

Unkles SE, Rouch DA, Wang Y, Siddiqi MY, Glass AD, Kinghorn JR. Two perfectly conserved arginine residues are required for substrate binding in a high-affinity nitrate transporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 17549-17554 (2004).

Unkles SE, Wang R, Wang Y, Glass AD, Crawford NM, Kinghorn JR. Nitrate reductase activity is required for nitrate uptake into fungal but not plant cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 28182-28186 (2004).

Vallano DM, Sparks JP. Quantifying foliar uptake of gaseous nitrogen dioxide using enriched foliar delta15N values. New Phytol. 177: 946-955 (2008).

Van Heerden PD, Strasser RJ, Kruger GH. Reduction of dark chilling stress in N-fixing soybean by nitrate as indicated by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. Physiol. Plant. 121: 239-249 (2004).

Varisi VA, Camargos LS, Aguiar LF, Christofoleti RM, Medici LO, Azevedo RA. Lysine biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): study of enzymes and nitrogen-containing compounds. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 11-18 (2008).

Vega-Palas MA, Madueno F, Herrero A, Flores E. Identification and cloning of a regulatory gene for nitrogen assimilation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. J. Bacteriol. 172: 643-647 (1990).

Vidmar JJ, Zhuo D, Siddiqi MY, Glass AD. Isolation and characterization of HvNRT2.3 and HvNRT2.4, cDNAs encoding high-affinity nitrate transporters from roots of barley. Plant Physiol. 122: 783-792 (2000).

Vidmar JJ, Zhuo D, Siddiqi MY, Schjoerring JK, Touraine B, Glass AD. Regulation of high-affinity nitrate transporter genes and high-affinity nitrate influx by nitrogen pools in roots of barley. Plant Physiol. 123: 307-318 (2000).

Viktor A, Cramer MD. The influence of root assimilated inorganic carbon on nitrogen acquisition/assimilation and carbon partitioning. New Phytol. 165: 157-169 (2005).

Vincill ED, Szczyglowski K, Roberts DM. GmN70 and LjN70. Anion transporters of the symbiosome membrane of nodules with a transport preference for nitrate. Plant Physiol. 137: 1435-1444 (2005).

Volder A, Smart DR, Bloom AJ, Eissenstat DM. Rapid decline in nitrate uptake and respiration with age in fine lateral roots of grape: implications for root efficiency and competitive effectiveness. New Phytol. 165: 493-501 (2005).

von der Fecht-Bartenbach J, Bogner M, Krebs M, Stierhof YD, Schumacher K, Ludewig U. Function of the anion transporter AtCLC-d in the trans-Golgi network. Plant J. 50: 466-474 (2007).

von Wiren N, Gazzarrini S, Frommer WB. Regulation of mineral nitrogen uptake in plants. Plant & Soil 196: 191-199 (1997).

Walch-Liu P, Forde BG. Nitrate signalling mediated by the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter antagonises L-glutamate-induced changes in root architecture. Plant J. 54: 820-828 (2008).

Wallsgrove RM, Hasegawa H, Kendall AC, Turner JC. The genetics of nitrate uptake in higher plants. In "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation" (JL Wray, JR Kinghorn eds) Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, pp. 15-24 (1989).

Wang Q, Li H, Post AF. Nitrate assimilation genes of the marine diazotrophic, filamentous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium sp. strain WH9601. J. Bacteriol. 182: 1764-1767 (2000).

Wang R, Crawford NM. Genetic identification of a gene involved in constitutive, high-affinity nitrate transport in higher plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 9297-9301 (1996).

Wang R, Guegler K, LaBrie ST, Crawford NM. Genomic analysis of a nutrient response in Arabidopsis reveals diverse expression patterns and novel metabolic and potential regulatory genes induced by nitrate. Plant Cell 12: 1491-1510 (2000).

Wang R, Okamoto M, Xing X, Crawford NM. Microarray analysis of the nitrate response in Arabidopsis roots and shoots reveals over 1,000 rapidly responding genes and new linkages to glucose, trehalose-6-phosphate, iron, and sulfate metabolism. Plant Physiol. 132: 556-567 (2003).

Wang TH, Fu HY, Shieh YJ. Monomeric NarB is a dual-affinity nitrate reductase, and its activity is regulated differently from that of nitrate uptake in the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain RF-1. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5838-5846 (2003).

Wang X, Tanus-Santos JE, Reiter CD, Dejam A, Shiva S, Smith RD, Hogg N, Gladwin MT. Biological activity of nitric oxide in the plasmatic compartment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 11477-11482 (2004).

Wang Y, Li W, Siddiqi Y, Kinghorn JR, Unkles SE, Glass AD. Evidence for post-translational regulation of NrtA, the Aspergillus nidulans high-affinity nitrate transporter. New Phytol. 175: 699-706 (2007).

Wang Y, Li W, Siddiqi Y, Symington VF, Kinghorn JR, Unkles SE, Glass AD. Nitrite transport is mediated by the nitrite-specific high-affinity NitA transporter and by nitrate transporters NrtA, NrtB in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45: 94-102 (2008).

Wang YH, Garvin DF, Kochian LV. Nitrate-induced genes in tomato roots. Array analysis reveals novel genes that may play a role in nitrogen nutrition. Plant Physiol. 127: 345-359 (2001).

Ward MR, Aslam M, Huffaker RC. Enhancement of nitrate uptake and growth of barley seedlings by calcium under saline conditions. Plant Physiol. 80: 520-524 (1986).

Ward MR, Tischner R, Huffaker RC. Inhibition of nitrate transport by anti-nitrate reductase IgG fragments and the identification of plasma membrane associated nitrate reductase in roots of barley seedlings. Plant Physiol. 88: 1141-1145 (1988).

Waterhouse RN, Smyth AJ, Massonneau A, Prosser IM, Clarkson DT. Molecular cloning and characterisation of asparagine synthetase from Lotus japonicus: dynamics of asparagine synthesis in N-sufficient conditions. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 883-897 (1996).

Weber A, Flugge UI. Interaction of cytosolic and plastidic nitrogen metabolism in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 865-874 (2002).

Williams LE, Miller AJ. Transporters responsible for the uptake and partitioning of nitrogenous solutes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 659-688 (2001).

Wirth J, Chopin F, Santoni V, Viennois G, Tillard P, Krapp A, Lejay L, Daniel-Vedele F, Gojon A. Regulation of root nitrate uptake at the NRT2.1 protein level in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 23541-23552 (2007).

Wood NJ, Alizadeh T, Richardson DJ, Ferguson SJ, Moir JWB. Two domains of a dual-function NarK protein are required for nitrate uptake, the first step of denitrification in Paracoccus pantotrophus. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 157-170 (2002).

Wu LF, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Waugh R, Edmonds CJ, Holt SE, Boxer DH. Nickel deficiency gives rise to the defective hydrogenase phenotype of hydC and fnr mutants in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 3: 1709-1718 (1989).

Wu Q, Knowles R. Cellular regulation of nitrate uptake in denitrifying Flexibacter canadensis. Can. J. Microbiol. 40: 576-582 (1994).

Wu Q, Stewart V. NasFED proteins mediate assimilatory nitrate and nitrite transport in Klebsiella oxytoca (pneumoniae) M5al. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1311-1322 (1998).

Wyman M, Bird C. Lack of control of nitrite assimilation by ammonium in an oceanic picocyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. strain WH 8103. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 3028-3033 (2007).

Yin X, Harbinson J, Struik PC. Mathematical review of literature to assess alternative electron transports and interphotosystem excitation partitioning of steady-state C photosynthesis under limiting light. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1771-1782 (2006).

Yoneyama T, Matsumaru T, Usui K, Engelaar WMHG. Discrimination of nitrogen isotopes during absorption of ammonium and nitrate at different nitrogen concentrations by rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 133-139 (2001).

Young EB, Beardall J. Photosynthetic function in Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta) during a nitrogen starvation and recovery cycle. J. Phycol. 39: 897-905 (2003).

Young EB, Berges JA, Dring MJ. Physiological responses of intertidal marine brown algae to nitrogen deprivation and resupply of nitrate and ammonium. Physiol. Plant. 135: 400-411 (2009).

Yu FM, Qiu RL, Tang YT, Ying RR, Zhou XY, Zhao X, Hu PJ, Zeng XW. Effects of cadmium on the growth and nitrogen metabolism in Brassica chinensis. Huan Jing Ke Xue 29: 506-511 (2008).

Zabalza A, Gaston S, Ribas-Carbo M, Orcaray L, Igal M, Royuela M. Nitrogen assimilation studies using (15)N in soybean plants treated with imazethapyr, an inhibitor of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 8818-8823 (2006).

Zahalak M, Pratte B, Werth KJ, Thiel T. Molybdate transport and its effect on nitrogen utilization in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Mol. Microbiol. 51: 539-549 (2004).

Zerez CR, Weiss RL, Franklin C, Bowman BJ. The properties of arginine transport in vacuolar membrane vesicles of Neurospora crassa. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 8877-8882 (1986).

Zhang H, Rong H, Pilbeam D. Signalling mechanisms underlying the morphological responses of the root system to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2329-2338 (2007).

Zhang N, MacKown CT. Nitrate fluxes and nitrate reductase activity of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Effects of internal and external nitrate concentrations. Plant Physiol. 102: 851-857 (1993).

Zhang Y, Pu H, Wang Q, Cheng S, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhao J. PII is important in regulation of nitrogen metabolism but not required for heterocyst formation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 33641-33648 (2007).

Zhao CM, Hasegawa H, Ichii M. A chlorate resistant mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with normal nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity. Breeding Sci. 50: 9-15 (2000).

Zhou JJ, Fernandez E, Galvan A, Miller AJ. A high affinity nitrate transport system from Chlamydomonas requires two gene products. FEBS Lett. 466: 225-227 (2000).

Zhou JJ, Theodoulou FL, Muldin I, Ingemarsson B, Miller AJ. Cloning and functional characterization of a Brassica napus transporter that is able to transport nitrate and histidine. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 12017-12023 (1998).

Zhuo D, Okamoto M, Vidmar JJ, Glass AD. Regulation of a putative high-affinity nitrate transporter (Nrt2;1At) in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 17: 563-568 (1999).

Zimmer W, Mendel R. Molybdenum metabolism in plants. Plant Biol. 1: 160-168 (1999).

Number of references = 531