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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, nitrite reductase

Abraham ZH, Smith BE, Howes BD, Lowe DJ, Eady RR. pH-dependence for binding a single nitrite ion to each type-2 copper centre in the copper-containing nitrite reductase of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. Biochem. J. 324: 511-516 (1997).

Afshar S, Kim C, Monbouquette HG, Schroder I. Effect of tungstate on nitrate reduction by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3004-3008 (1998).

Aichi M, Yoshihara S, Yamashita M, Maeda SI, Nagai K, Omata T. Characterization of the nitrate-nitrite transporter of the major facilitator superfamily (the nrtP gene product) from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70: 2682-2689 (2006).

Almeida MG, Silveira CM, Moura JJ. Biosensing nitrite using the system nitrite redutase/Nafion/methyl viologen - a voltammetric study. Biosens. Bioelectron. 22: 2485-2492 (2007).

Amaar YG, Moore MM. Mapping of the nitrate-assimilation gene cluster (crnA-niiA-niaD) and characterization of the nitrite reductase gene (niiA) in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Curr. Genet. 33: 206-215 (1998).

Amon J, Titgemeyer F, Burkovski A. A genomic view on nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in mycobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 20-29 (2009).

Angove HC, Cole JA, Richardson DJ, Butt JN. Protein film voltammetry reveals distinctive fingerprints of nitrite and hydroxylamine reduction by a cytochrome C nitrite reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 23374-23381 (2002).

Antonyuk SV, Strange RW, Sawers G, Eady RR, Hasnain SS. Atomic resolution structures of resting-state, substrate- and product-complexed Cu-nitrite reductase provide insight into catalytic mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 12041-12046 (2005).

Arai H, Igarashi Y, Kodama T. Structure and ANR-dependent transcription of the nir genes for denitrification from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 58: 1286-1291 (1994).

Arias-Negrete S, Jimenez-Romero LA, Soliis-Martiinez MO, Ramiirez-Emiliano J, Avila EE, Cuellar-Mata P. Indirect determination of nitric oxide production by reduction of nitrate with a freeze-thawing-resistant nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli MC1061. Anal. Biochem. 328: 14-21 (2004).

Arizmendi JM, Serra JL. Composition of the ferredoxin-nitrite reductase from the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18: 637-638 (1990).

Aslam M, Harbit KB, Huffaker RC. Comparative effects of selenite and selenate on nitrate assimilation in barley seedlings. Plant Cell Environ. 13: 773-782 (1990).

Aslam M, Huffaker RC. Role of nitrate and nitrite in the induction of nitrite reductase in leaves of barley seedlings. Plant Physiol. 91: 1152-1156 (1989).

Aslam M, Rosichan JL, Huffaker RC. Comparative induction of nitrate reductase by nitrate and nitrite in barley leaves. Plant Physiol. 83: 579-584 (1987).

Aslam M, Travis RL, Huffaker RC. Comparative induction of nitrate and nitrite uptake and reduction systems by ambient nitrate and nitrite in intact roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Plant Physiol. 102: 811-819 (1993).

Avila J, Gonzalez C, Brito N, Machin M F, Perez D, Siverio JM. A second Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) transcriptional factor encoded by the YNA2 gene is indispensable for the transcriptional activation of the genes involved in nitrate assimilation in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Yeast 19: 537-544 (2002).

Avila J, Gonzalez C, Brito N, Siverio JM. Clustering of the YNA1 gene encoding a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha with the nitrate assimilation genes YNT1, YNI1 and YNR1, and its involvement in their transcriptional activation. Biochem. J. 335: 647-652 (1998).

Back E, Burkhart W, Moyer M, Privalle L, Rothstein S. Molecular cloning of spinach nitrite reductase. In "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation" (JL Wray, JR Kinghorn eds) Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, pp. 284-296 (1989).

Bae HS, Im WT, Suwa Y, Lee JM, Lee ST, Chang YK. Characterization of diverse heterocyclic amine-degrading denitrifying bacteria from various environments. Arch. Microbiol. 191: 329-340 (2009).

Bailly J, Debaud JC, Verner MC, Plassard C, Chalot M, Marmeisse R, Fraissinet-Tachet L. How does a symbiotic fungus modulate expression of its host-plant nitrite reductase? New Phytol. 175: 155-165 (2007).

Balakumar T, Sathiameena K, Selvakumar V, Ilanchezhian CM, Paliwal K. UV-B radiation mediated alterations in the nitrate assimilation pathway of crop plants. 2. Kinetic characteristics of nitrite reductase. Photosynthetica 37: 469-475 (1999).

Bang IS, Liu L, Vazquez-Torres A, Crouch ML, Stamler JS, Fang FC. Maintenance of nitric oxide and redox homeostasis by the Salmonella flavohemoglobin Hmp. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 28039-28047 (2006).

Barrett ML, Harris RL, Antonyuk S, Hough MA, Ellis MJ, Sawers G, Eady RR, Hasnain SS. Insights into redox partner interactions and substrate binding in nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans: crystal structures of the Trp138His and His313Gln mutants. Biochemistry 43: 16311-16319 (2004).

Basu S, Azarova NA, Font MD, King SB, Hogg N, Gladwin MT, Shiva S, Kim-Shapiro DB. Nitrite reductase activity of cytochrome c. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 32590-32597 (2008).

Baudouin E, Pieuchot L, Engler G, Pauly N, Puppo A. Nitric oxide is formed in Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti functional nodules. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 19: 970-975 (2006).

Beaumont HJ, Lens SI, Westerhoff HV, van Spanning RJ. Novel nirK cluster genes in Nitrosomonas europaea are required for NirK-dependent tolerance to nitrite. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6849-6851 (2005).

Bedmar EJ, Robles EF, Delgado MJ. The complete denitrification pathway of the symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 141-144 (2005).

Bedzyk L, Wang T, Ye RW. The periplasmic nitrate reductase in Pseudomonas sp. strain G-179 catalyzes the first step of denitrification. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2802-2806 (1999).

Belbahri L, Chevalier L, Bensaddek L, Gillet F, Fliniaux MA, Boerjan W, Inze D, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Different expression of an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in transgenic tobacco callus modifies alkaloid biosynthesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 69: 11-20 (2000).

Bellelli A, Brzezinski P, Arese M, Cutruzzola F, Silvestrini MC, Brunori M. Electron transfer in zinc-reconstituted nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem. J. 319: 407-410 (1996).

Beller HR, Letain TE, Chakicherla A, Kane SR, Legler TC, Coleman MA. Whole-genome transcriptional analysis of chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus denitrificans under aerobic versus denitrifying conditions. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7005-7015 (2006).

Bellissimo DB, Privalle LS. Expression of spinach nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli: site-directed mutagenesis of predicted active site amino acids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 323: 155-163 (1995).

Berthome R, Teycheney PY, Renou JP, Okada Y, Tepfer M. Expression of a yeast RNase III gene in transgenic tobacco silences host nitrite reductase genes. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 53-60 (2000).

Bethke PC, Badger MR, Jones RL. Apoplastic synthesis of nitric oxide by plant tissues. Plant Cell 16: 332-341 (2004).

Bhattacharya J, Singh AK, Rai AN. Isolation and characterization of a chlorate-resistant mutant (Clo- R) of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH: heterocyst formation and N(2)-fixation in the presence of nitrate, and evidence for separate nitrate and nitrite transport systems. Curr. Microbiol. 45: 99-104 (2002).

Bird C, Wyman M. Nitrate/nitrite assimilation system of the marine picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain WH 8103: Effect of nitrogen source and availability on gene expression. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7009-7018 (2003).

Blasco R, Martinez-Luque M, Madrid MP, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C. Rhodococcus sp. RB1 grows in the presence of high nitrate and nitrite concentrations and assimilates nitrate in moderately saline environments. Arch. Microbiol. 175: 435-440 (2001).

Boer E, Schroter A, Bode R, Piontek M, Kunze G. Characterization and expression analysis of a gene cluster for nitrate assimilation from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans. Yeast 26: 83-93 (2009).

Boisson M, Mondon K, Torney V, Nicot N, Laine AL, Bahrman N, Gouy A, Daniel-Vedele F, Hirel B, Sourdille P, Dardevet M, Ravel C, Le Gouis J. Partial sequences of nitrogen metabolism genes in hexaploid wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110: 932-940 (2005).

Bonnard N, Tresierra-Ayala A, Bedmar EJ, Delgado MJ. Molybdate-dependent expression of the periplasmic nitrate reductase in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 127-129 (2005).

Bonnefoy V, Demoss JA. Nitrate reductases in Escherichia coli. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 66: 47-56 (1994).

Bonnefoy V, Ratouchniak J, Blasco F, Chippaux M. Organization of the nar genes at the chlZ locus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 147: 147-149 (1997).

Boo YC, Tressel SL, Jo H. An improved method to measure nitrate/nitrite with an NO-selective electrochemical sensor. Nitric Oxide 16: 306-312 (2007).

Boulanger MJ, Murphy ME. Crystal structure of the soluble domain of the major anaerobically induced outer membrane protein (AniA) from pathogenic Neisseria: a new class of copper-containing nitrite reductases. J. Mol. Biol. 315: 1111-1127 (2002).

Boulanger MJ, Murphy ME. Alternate substrate binding modes to two mutant (D98N and H255N) forms of nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6: structural model of a transient catalytic intermediate. Biochemistry 40: 9132-9141 (2001).

Boyko KM, Polyakov KM, Tikhonova TV, Slutsky A, Antipov AN, Zvyagilskaya RA, Bourenkov GP, Popov AN, Lamzin VS, Popov VO. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of cytochrome c nitrite reductase from Thioalkalivibrio nitratireducens. Acta Crystallograph. Sect. F. Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 62: 215-217 (2006).

Brige A, Leys D, Meyer TE, Cusanovich MA, Van Beeumen JJ. The 1.25 angstrom resolution structure of the diheme NapB subunit of soluble nitrate reductase reveals a novel cytochrome c fold with a stacked heme arrangement. Biochemistry 41: 4827-4836 (2002).

Brito N, Avila J, Perez MD, Gonzalez C, Siverio JM. The genes YNI1 and YNR1, encoding nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase respectively in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha, are clustered and co-ordinately regulated. Biochem. J. 317: 89-95 (1996).

Brooijmans RJ, de Vos WM, Hugenholtz J. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 electron transport chains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3580-3585 (2009).

Bueno E, Bedmar EJ, Richardson DJ, Delgado MJ. Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c550 in nitrite and nitrate respiration. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 279: 188-194 (2008).

Bueno E, Gomez-Hernandez N, Girard L, Bedmar EJ, Delgado MJ. Function of the Rhizobium etli CFN42 nirK gene in nitrite metabolism. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 162-163 (2005).

Bungard RA, Wingler A, Morton JD, Andrews M, Press MC, Scholes JD. Ammonium can stimulate nitrate and nitrite reductase in the absence of nitrate in Clematis vitalba. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 859-866 (1999).

Burhenne N, Tischner R. Isolation and characterization of nitrite-reductase-deficient mutants of Chlorella sorokiniana (strain 211-8k). Planta 211: 440-445 (2000).

Burlat B, Gwyer JD, Poock S, Clarke T, Cole JA, Hemmings AM, Cheesman MR, Butt JN, Richardson DJ. Cytochrome c nitrite reductase: from structural to physicochemical analysis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 137-140 (2005).

Bursakov SA, Carneiro C, Almendra MJ, Duarte RO, Caldeira J, Moura I, Moura JJ. Enzymatic properties and effect of ionic strength on periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 239: 816-822 (1997).

Butler CS, Charnock JM, Bennett B, Sears HJ, Reilly AJ, Ferguson SJ, Garner CD, Lowe DJ, Thomson AJ, Berks BC, Richardson DJ. Models for molybdenum coordination during the catalytic cycle of periplasmic nitrate reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans derived from EPR and EXAFS spectroscopy. Biochemistry 38: 9000-9012 (1999).

Butler CS, Charnock JM, Garner CD, Thomson AJ, Ferguson SJ, Berks BC, Richardson DJ. Thiocyanate binding to the molybdenum centre of the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus. Biochem. J. 352: 859-864 (2000).

Caballero A, Ramos JL. A double mutant of Pseudomonas putida JLR11 deficient in the synthesis of the nitroreductase PnrA and assimilatory nitrite reductase NasB is impaired for growth on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Environ. Microbiol. 8: 1306-1310 (2006).

Cammack R, Jackson RH, Cornish-Bowden A, Cole JA. Electron-spin-resonance studies of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. Biochem. J. 207: 333-339 (1982).

Campbell WH. Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and physiology. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 277-303 (1999).

Campbell WH, Kinghorn KR. Functional domains of assimilatory nitrate reductases and nitrite reductases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15: 315-319 (1990).

Casciotti KL, Ward BB. Dissimilatory nitrite reductase genes from autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 2213-2221 (2001).

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Causey MB, Beane KN, Wolf JR. The effects of salinity and other factors on nitrite reduction by Ochrobactrum anthropi 49187. J. Basic Microbiol. 46: 10-21 (2006).

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Clark DP. Chromate reductase activity of Enterobacter aerogenes is induced by nitrite. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 122: 233-237 (1994).

Clarke TA, Hemmings AM, Burlat B, Butt JN, Cole JA, Richardson DJ. Comparison of the structural and kinetic properties of the cytochrome c nitrite reductases from Escherichia coli, Wolinella succinogenes, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 143-145 (2006).

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Clarke TA, Mills PC, Poock SR, Butt JN, Cheesman MR, Cole JA, Hinton JC, Hemmings AM, Kemp G, Söderberg CA, Spiro S, Van Wonderen J, Richardson DJ. Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase NrfA. Methods Enzymol. 437: 63-77 (2008).

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