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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
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Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, glutamine synthetase

Abbes Z, Kharrat M, Delavault P, Chaibi W, Simier P. Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47: 153-159 (2009).

Abbott JJ, Ford JL, Phillips MA. Substrate binding determinants of Trypanosoma brucei gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Biochemistry 41: 2741-2750 (2002).

Abbott JJ, Pei J, Ford JL, Qi Y, Grishin VN, Pitcher LA, Phillips MA, Grishin NV. Structure prediction and active site analysis of the metal binding determinants in {gamma}-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 42099-42107 (2001).

Abell LM, Schineller J, Keck PJ, Villafranca JJ. Effect of metal-ligand mutations on phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 34: 16695-16702 (1995).

Abell LM, Villafranca JJ. Investigation of the mechanism of phosphinothricin inactivation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase using rapid quench kinetic technique. Biochemistry 30: 6135-6141 (1991).

Abell LM, Villafranca JJ. Effect of metal ions and adenylylation state on the internal thermodynamics of phosphoryl transfer in the Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase reaction. Biochemistry 30: 1413-1418 (1991).

Abenavoli MR, Sorgona A, Sidari M, Badiani M, Fuggi A. Coumarin inhibits the growth of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Saint Valery) cells in suspension culture. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 227-237 (2003).

Abratt VR, Mbewe M, Woods DR. Cloning of an EF-P homologue from Bacteroides fragilis that increases B. fragilis glutamine synthetase activity in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 258: 363-372 (1998).

Abratt VR, Zappe H, Woods DR. A reporter gene vector to investigate the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Bacteroides fragilis Bf1. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 59-65 (1993).

Ackermann U, Graf R. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a putative asparagine synthetase in the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1383: 179-182 (1998).

Adler SP, Purich D, Stadtman ER. Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Properties of the PII regulatory protein and the uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 6264-6272 (1975).

Adul Rahman RN, Jongsareejit B, Fujiwara S, Imanaka T. Characterization of recombinant glutamine synthetase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain KOD1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2472-2476 (1997).

Aguera E, Ruano D, Cabello P, de la Haba P. Impact of atmospheric CO(2) on growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. J. Plant Physiol. 163: 809-817 (2006).

Ahuja M, Punekar NS. Phosphinothricin resistance in Aspergillus niger and its utility as a selectable transformation marker. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45: 1103-1110 (2008).

Aichi M, Omata T. Involvement of NtcB, a LysR family transcription factor, in nitrite activation of the nitrate assimilation operon in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4671-4675 (1997).

Akimova NI, Evstigneeva ZG, Kretovich VL. Glutamine metabolism regulation in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Regulation of Chlorella glutamine synthetase activity by amino acids. Biokhimiia 41: 1471-1477 (1976).

Akimova NI, Evstigneeva ZG, Kretovich VL. Regulation of glutamine metabolism in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Mechanisms of regulating the activity of glutamine synthetase during ammonia assimilation. Biokhimiia 41: 1306-1312 (1976).

Akimova NI, Evstigneeva ZG, Kretovich VL. Regulation of glutamine metabolism in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by adenylic system components. Biokhimiia 42: 947-951 (1977).

Aksenov MY, Aksenova MV, Carney JM, Butterfield DA. Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase by amyloid beta peptide. Free Radic. Res. 27: 267-281 (1997).

Albrecht J, Norenberg MD. Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology 44: 788-794 (2006).

Albrecht J, Sonnewald U, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A. Glutamine in the central nervous system: function and dysfunction. Front. Biosci. 12: 332-343 (2007).

Alef K, Burkardt HJ, Horstmann HJ, Zumft WG. Molecular characterization of glutamine synthetase from the nitrogen-fixing phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Z. Naturforsch. [C] 36: 246-254 (1981).

Alhama J, Lopez-Barea J, Toribio F, Roldan JM. Purification and determination of glutamine synthetase by high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 589: 121-126 (1992).

Ali H, Niel C, Guillaume JB. The pathways of ammonium assimilation in Rhizobium meliloti. Arch. Microbiol. 129: 391-394 (1981).

Alibhai M, Villafranca JJ. Kinetic and mutagenic studies of the role of the active site residues Asp-50 and Glu-327 of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 33: 682-686 (1994).

Allodi S, Bressan CM, Carvalho SL, Cavalcante LA. Regionally specific distribution of the binding of anti-glutamine synthetase and anti-S100 antibodies and of Datura stramonium lectin in glial domains of the optic lobe of the giant prawn. Glia 53: 612-620 (2006).

Almassy RJ, Janson CA, Hamlin R, Xuong NH, Eisenberg D. Novel subunit-subunit interactions in the structure of glutamine synthetase. Nature 323: 304-309 (1986).

Alvarez ME, McCarthy CM. Glutamine synthetase from Mycobacterium avium. Can. J. Microbiol. 30: 353-359 (1983).

Amon J, Brau T, Grimrath A, HanBler E, Hasselt K, Holler M, JeBberger N, Ott L, Szokol J, Titgemeyer F, Burkovski A. Nitrogen control in Mycobacterium smegmatis: nitrogen-dependent expression of ammonium transport and assimilation proteins depends on OmpR-type regulator GlnR. J. Bacteriol. 190: 7108-7116 (2008).

Amon J, Titgemeyer F, Burkovski A. A genomic view on nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in mycobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 20-29 (2009).

Andrulis IL, Evans-Blackler S, Siminovitch L. Characterization of single step albizziin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with elevated levels of asparagine synthetase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 7523-7527 (1985).

Angeles Castillejo M, Amiour N, Dumas-Gaudot E, Rubiales D, Jorrin JV. A proteomic approach to studying plant response to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in pea (Pisum sativum). Phytochemistry 65: 1817-1828 (2004).

Antonyuk LP, Smirnova VE, Kamnev AA, Serebrennikova OB, Vanoni MA, Zanetti G, Kudelina IA, Sokolov OI, Ignatov VV. Influence of divalent cations on the catalytic properties and secondary structure of unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Azospirillum brasilense. Biometals 14: 13-22 (2001).

Arai R, Nishimoto M, Toyama M, Terada T, Kuramitsu S, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S. Conserved protein TTHA1554 from Thermus thermophilus HB8 binds to glutamine synthetase and cystathionine beta-lyase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1750: 40-47 (2005).

Arai S, Shibata H, Sakai M, Ninomiya H, Iwata N, Ozaki N, Fukumaki Y. Association analysis of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 and the glutamine synthetase genes (GAD2, GLUL) with schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Genet. 19: 6-13 (2009).

Arcondeguy T, Huez I, Tillard P, Gangneux C, de Billy F, Gojon A, Truchet G, Kahn D. The Rhizobium meliloti PII protein, which controls bacterial nitrogen metabolism, affects alfalfa nodule development. Genes Dev. 11: 1194-1206 (1997).

Arcondeguy T, Jack R, Merrick M. P(II) signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65: 80-105 (2001).

Arima Y, Kumazawa K. Evidence of ammonium assimilation via the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase system in rice seedling roots. Plant Cell Physiol. 18: 1121-1129 (1977).

Arrebola E, Cazorla FM, Duran VE, Rivera E, Olea F, Codina JC, Perez-Garcia A, de Vicente A. Mangotoxin: a novel antimetabolite toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae inhibiting ornithine/arginine biosynthesis. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 63: 117-127 (2003).

Aschner M, Vrana KE, Zheng W. Manganese uptake and distribution in the central nervous system. Neurotoxicology 20: 173-180 (1999).

Astolfi S, Zuchi S, Passera C. Role of sulphur availability on cadmium-induced changes of nitrogen and sulphur metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 161: 795-802 (2004).

Atkins WM. Supramolecular self-assembly of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: effects of pressure and adenylylation state on dodecamer stacking. Biochemistry 33: 14965-14973 (1994).

Atkins WM, Cader BM, Hemmingsen J, Villafranca JJ. Time-resolved fluorescence and computational studies of adenylylated glutamine synthetase: analysis of intersubunit interactions. Protein Sci. 2: 800-813 (1993).

Atkins WM, Villafranca JJ. Time-resolved fluorescence studies of tryptophan mutants of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: conformational analysis of intermediates and transition-state complexes. Protein Sci. 1: 342-355 (1992).

Atkinson MR, Fisher SH. Identification of genes and gene products whose expression is activated during nitrogen-limited growth in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 173: 23-27 (1991).

Atkinson MR, Kamberov ES, Weiss RL, Ninfa AJ. Reversible uridylylation of the Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein regulates its ability to stimulate the dephosphorylation of the transcription factor nitrogen regulator I (NRI or NtrC). J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28288-28293 (1994).

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ. Characterization of the GlnK protein of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 32: 301-313 (1999).

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ. Role of the GlnK signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 431-447 (1998).

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ. Mutational analysis of the bacterial signal-transducing protein kinase/phosphatase nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB). J. Bacteriol. 175: 7016-7023 (1993).

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ. Mutational analysis of the bacterial signal-transducing protein kinase/phosphatase nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB). J. Bacteriol. 175: 7016-7023 (1993).

Atkinson MR, Wray LV Jr, Fisher SH. Regulation of histidine and proline degradation enzymes by amino acid availability in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 172: 4758-4765 (1990).

Aubert S, Bligny R, Douce R, Gout E, Ratcliffe RG, Roberts JK. Contribution of glutamate dehydrogenase to mitochondrial glutamate metabolism studied by 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 37-45 (2001).

Austgen TR, Chen MK, Moore W, Souba WW. Endotoxin and renal glutamine metabolism. Arch. Surg. 126: 23-27 (1991).

Avendano A, Deluna A, Olivera H, Valenzuela L, Gonzalez A. GDH3 encodes a glutamate dehydrogenase isozyme, a previously unrecognized route for glutamate biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 179: 5594-5597 (1997).

Avila C, Canton FR, Barnestein P, Suarez MF, Marraccini P, Rey M, Humara JM, Ordas R, Canovas FM. The promoter of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene from the conifer Pinus sylvestris is active in cotyledons of germinating seeds and light-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant. 112: 388-396 (2001).

Avila C, Suarez M, Gomez-Maldonado J, Canovas F. Spatial and temporal expression of two cytosolic glutamine synthetase genes in Scots pine: functional implications on nitrogen metabolism during early stages of conifer development. Plant J. 25: 93-102 (2001).

Avila Saeza C, Munoz-Chapulib R, Plomionc C, Frigerioc J, Canovasa FM. Two genes encoding distinct cytosolic glutamine synthetases are closely linked in the pine genome. FEBS Lett. 477: 237-243 (2000).

Baars JJ, Op den Camp HJ, van der Drift C, Joordens JJ, Wijmenga SS, van Griensven LJ, Vogels GD. 15N-NMR study of ammonium assimilation in Agaricus bisporus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1310: 74-80 (1996).

Baev MV, Kiriukhin MY, Tsygankov YD. Regulation of ammonia assimilation in an obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus flagellatum under steady-state and transient growth conditions. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 71: 353-361 (1997).

Bagh K, Hiraoki T, Thorpe TA, Vogel HJ. Nitrogen-15 NMR studies of nitrogen metabolism in Picea glauca buds. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 803-809 (2004).

Baima S, Haegi A, Stroman P, Casadoro G. Characterization of a cDNA clone for barley leaf glutamine synthetase. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 54: 1-9 (1989).

Balconi C, Cavallini A, Natali L, Motto M. Evaluation of in vitro methods to define the role of the cob and pedicel- placento-chalazal tissues in the amino acid supply to the developing maize endosperm. Plant Sci. 166: 1313-1320 (2004).

Baldet P, Devaux C, Chevalier C, Brouquisse R, Just D, Raymond P. Contrasted responses to carbohydrate limitation in tomato fruit at two stages of development. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1639-1649 (2002).

Bancroft S, Rhee SG, Neumann C, Kustu S. Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 134: 1046-1055 (1978).

Barel I, Bignell G, Simpson A, MacDonald D. Isolation of a DNA fragment which complements glutamine synthetase deficient strains of S. pombe. Curr. Genet. 13: 487-494 (1988).

Barel I, MacDonald DW. Enzyme defects in glutamate-requiring strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 113: 267-272 (1993).

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Barnett NL, Pow DV, Robinson SR. Inhibition of Muller cell glutamine synthetase rapidly impairs the retinal response to light. Glia 30: 64-73 (2000).

Baron AC, Tobin TH, Wallsgrove RM, Tobin AK. A metabolic control analysis of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle in isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 105: 415-424 (1994).

Barratt DHP. Method for the detection of glutamine synthetase activity on starch gels. Plant Sci. Lett. 18: 249-255 (1980).

Barsch A, Carvalho HG, Cullimore JV, Niehaus K. GC-MS based metabolite profiling implies three interdependent ways of ammonium assimilation in Medicago truncatula root nodules. J. Biotechnol. 127: 79-83 (2006).

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Becker TW, Carrayol E, Hirel B. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase isoforms in maize leaves: localization, relative proportion and their role in ammonium assimilation or nitrogen transport. Planta 211: 800-806 (2000).

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Behrmann I, Hillemann D, Puhler A, Strauch E, Wohlleben W. Overexpression of a Streptomyces viridochromogenes gene (glnII) encoding a glutamine synthetase similar to those of eucaryotes confers resistance against the antibiotic phosphinothricyl-alanyl-alanine. J. Bacteriol. 172: 5326-5334 (1990).

Beismann-Driemeyer S, Sterner R. Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase from Thermotoga maritima - Quaternary structure, steady-state kinetics, and reaction mechanism of the bienzyme complex. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 20387-20396 (2001).

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Belitsky BR, Wray LV Jr, Fisher SH, Bohannon DE, Sonenshein AL. Role of TnrA in nitrogen source-dependent repression of Bacillus subtilis glutamate synthase gene expression. J. Bacteriol. 182: 5939-5947 (2000).

Bellucci M, Ederli L, De Marchis F, Pasqualini S, Arcioni S. Transformation of Lotus corniculatus plants with Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase A: effect on nitrogen assimilation and plant development. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 78: 139-150 (2004).

Ben Khaled L, Gomez AM, Ouarraqi EM, Oihabi A. Physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress of mycorrhized and/or nodulated clover seedlings (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Agronomie 23: 571-580 (2003).

Bender CL, Alarcon-Chaidez F, Gross DC. Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63: 266-292 (1999).

Bender RA, Eades LJ. A nonsense mutation in the structural gene for glutamine synthetase leading to loss of nitrogen regulation in Klebsiella aerogenes. Mol. Gen. Genet. 187: 414-418 (1982).

Bender RA, Macaluso A, Magasanik B. Glutamate dehydrogenase: genetic mapping and isolation of regulatory mutants of Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 127: 141-148 (1976).

Bender RA, Magasanik B. Regulatory mutations in the Klebsiella aerogenes structural gene for glutamine synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 132: 100-105 (1977).

Bender RA, Magasanik B. Autogenous regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 132: 106-112 (1977).

Bendt AK, Burkovski A, Schaffer S, Bott M, Farwick M, Hermann T. Towards a phosphoproteome map of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Proteomics 3: 1637-1646 (2003).

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Bennett M, Cullimore J. Expression of three plant glutamine synthetase cDNA in Escherichia coli. Formation of catalytically active isoenzymes, and complementation of a glnA mutant. Eur. J. Biochem. 193: 319-324 (1990).

Berberich MA. Effect of some D-amino acids on the steady-state level of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 163: 1109-1113 (1985).

Berlett BS, Friguet B, Yim MB, Chock PB, Stadtman ER. Peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues in Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase mimics adenylylation: relevance to signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 1776-1780 (1996).

Berlett BS, Levine RL, Stadtman ER. Comparison of the effects of ozone on the modification of amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase and bovine serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4177-4182 (1996).

Berlett BS, Levine RL, Stadtman ER. Carbon dioxide stimulates peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues and inhibits oxidation of methionine residues of glutamine synthetase: both modifications mimic effects of adenylylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2784-2789 (1998).

Berlicki L. Inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and their potential application in medicine. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 8: 869-878 (2008).

Berlicki L, Kafarski P. Computer-aided analysis of the interactions of glutamine synthetase with its inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14: 4578-4585 (2006).

Berlicki L, Obojska A, Forlani G, Kafarski P. Design, synthesis, and activity of analogues of phosphinothricin as inhibitors of glutamine synthetase. J. Med. Chem. 48: 6340-6449 (2005).

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Bernard SM, Moller AL, Dionisio G, Kichey T, Jahn TP, Dubois F, Baudo M, Lopes MS, Terce-Laforgue T, Foyer CH, Parry MA, Forde BG, Araus JL, Hirel B, Schjoerring JK, Habash DZ. Gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L ). Plant Mol. Biol. 67: 89-105 (2008).

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Bhattacharya J, Singh AK, Rai AN. Isolation and characterization of a chlorate-resistant mutant (Clo- R) of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH: heterocyst formation and N(2)-fixation in the presence of nitrate, and evidence for separate nitrate and nitrite transport systems. Curr. Microbiol. 45: 99-104 (2002).

Bhattacharya J, Singh AK, Rai AN. Nitrogen nutrition in the cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH, a symbiotic isolate from Anthoceros: Uptake and assimilation of inorganic-N and amino acids. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 39: 163-169 (2002).

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Bidmon HJ, Gorg B, Palomero-Gallagher N, Schleicher A, Haussinger D, Speckmann EJ, Zilles K. Glutamine synthetase becomes nitrated and its activity is reduced during repetitive seizure activity in the pentylentetrazole model of epilepsy. Epilepsia 49: 1733-1748 (2008).

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Bird C, Wyman M. Nitrate/nitrite assimilation system of the marine picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain WH 8103: Effect of nitrogen source and availability on gene expression. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7009-7018 (2003).

Blackwell RD, Murray JS, Lea PJ. Inhibition of photosynthesis in barley with decreased levels of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase activity. J. Exp. Bot. 38: 1799-1809 (1987).

Blin M, Crusio WE, Hevor T, Cloix JF. Chronic inhibition of glutamine synthetase is not associated with impairment of learning and memory in mice. Brain Res. Bull. 57: 11-15 (2002).

Bloom FR, Levin MS, Foor F, Tyler B. Regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase. J. Bacteriol. 134: 569-577 (1978).

Bloom FR, Streicher SL, Tyler B. Regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of Salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation. J. Bacteriol. 130: 983-990 (1977).

Blutstein T, Devidze N, Choleris E, Jasnow AM, Pfaff DW, Mong JA. Oestradiol up-regulates glutamine synthetase mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus: implications for a role of hormonally responsive glia in amino acid neurotransmission. J. Neuroendocrinol. 18: 692-702 (2006).

Bode JG, Peters-Regehr T, Kubitz R, Haussinger D. Expression of glutamine synthetase in macrophages. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48: 415-422 (2000).

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Boehlein SK, Schuster SM, Richards NG. Glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate and hydroxylamine are alternate substrates for Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. Biochemistry 35: 3031-3037 (1996).

Bohm H, Mack G. Betaxanthin formation and free amino acids in hairy roots of Beta vulgaris var. lutea depending on nutrient medium and glutamate or glutamine feeding. Phytochemistry 65: 1361-1368 (2004).

Boksha IS, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GSh. Isolation and certain properties of human brain glutamine synthetase. Biokhimiia 60: 1697-1705 (1995).

Bon EP, Carvajal E, Stanbrough M, Rowen D, Magasanik B. Asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GLN3/URE2 regulation of a periplasmic enzyme. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65: 203-212 (1997).

Boon L, Geerts WJ, Jonker A, Lamers WH, Van Noorden CJ. High protein diet induces pericentral glutamate dehydrogenase and ornithine aminotransferase to provide sufficient glutamate for pericentral detoxification of ammonia in rat liver lobules. Histochem. Cell Biol. 111: 445-452 (1999).

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