Purdue University Logo
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
 
Horticulture Home Page
Agriculture Home Page
Purdue Home Page
Blackboard
HORT640 Home Page
N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, Escherichia

Abadjieva A, Hilven P, Pauwels K, Crabeel M 2000 The yeast ARG7 gene product is autoproteolyzed to two subunit peptides, yielding active ornithine acetyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 11361-11367.

Abaibou H, Pommier J, Benoit S, Giordano G, Mandrand-Berthelot MA 1995 Expression and characterization of the Escherichia coli fdo locus and a possible physiological role for aerobic formate dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 177: 7141-7149.

Abd Rahman RN, Fujiwara S, Takagi M, Kanaya S, Imanaka T 1997 Effect of heat treatment on proper oligomeric structure formation of thermostable glutamate dehydrogenase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 241: 646-652.

Abdel-Ghany SE, Ye H, Garifullina GF, Zhang L, Pilon-Smits EA, Pilon M 2005 Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in chloroplasts. Involvement of the scaffold protein CpIsca. Plant Physiol. 138: 161-172.

Abdel-Hamid AM, Attwood MM, Guest JR 2001 Pyruvate oxidase contributes to the aerobic growth efficiency of Escherichia coli. Microbiology 147: 1483-1498.

AbdelRaheim SR, McLennan AG 2002 The Caenorhabditis elegans Y87G2A.14 Nudix hydrolase is a peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase. BMC Biochem. 3: 5.

Abe I, Utsumi Y, Oguro S, Noguchi H 2004 The first plant type III polyketide synthase that catalyzes formation of aromatic heptaketide. FEBS Lett. 562: 171-176.

Abebe T, Guenzi AC, Martin B, Cushman JC 2003 Tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic wheat to water stress and salinity. Plant Physiol. 131: 1748-1755.

Abee T, Wouters JA 1999 Microbial stress response in minimal processing Int. J. Food Microbiol. 50: 65-91.

Abel S, Nguyen MD, Chow W, Theologis A 1995 ACS4, a primary indoleacetic acid-responsive gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Structural characterization, expression in Escherichia coli, and expression characteristics in response to auxin. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 19093-19099.

Abell LM, Schineller J, Keck PJ, Villafranca JJ 1995 Effect of metal-ligand mutations on phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 34: 16695-16702.

Abell LM, Villafranca JJ 1991 Investigation of the mechanism of phosphinothricin inactivation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase using rapid quench kinetic technique. Biochemistry 30: 6135-6141.

Abell LM, Villafranca JJ 1991 Effect of metal ions and adenylylation state on the internal thermodynamics of phosphoryl transfer in the Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase reaction. Biochemistry 30: 1413-1418.

Abraham Z, Martinez M, Carbonero P, Diaz I 2006 Structural and functional diversity within the cystatin gene family of Hordeum vulgare. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 4245-4255.

Abrahams GL, Abratt VR 1998 The NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme of Bacteroides fragilis Bf1 is induced by peptides in the growth medium. Microbiology 144: 1659-1667.

Abrahamson JL, Baker LG, Stephenson JT, Wood JM 1983 Proline dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K12. Properties of the membrane-associated enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 134: 77-82.

Abramson J, Smirnova I, Kasho V, Verner G, Kaback HR, Iwata S 2003 Structure and mechanism of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli. Science 301: 610-615.

Abratt VR, Mbewe M, Woods DR 1998 Cloning of an EF-P homologue from Bacteroides fragilis that increases B. fragilis glutamine synthetase activity in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 258: 363-372.

Abratt VR, Zappe H, Woods DR 1993 A reporter gene vector to investigate the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Bacteroides fragilis Bf1. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 59-65.

Acerenza L, Ortega F 2006 Metabolic control analysis for large changes: extension to variable elasticity coefficients. Syst. Biol. (Stevenage) 153: 323-326.

Achebach S, Tran QH, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Mullner M, Holmgren A, Unden G 2004 Stimulation of Fe-S cluster insertion into apoFNR by Escherichia coli glutaredoxins 1, 2 and 3 in vitro. FEBS Lett. 565: 203-206.

Adam Z, Zaltsman A, Sinvany-Villalobo G, Sakamoto W 2005 FtsH proteases in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. Physiol. Plant. 123: 386-390.

Adams J, Johnson K, Matthews R, Benkovic SJ 1989 Effects of distal point-site mutations on the binding and catalysis of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 28: 6611-6618.

Adler SP, Purich D, Stadtman ER 1975 Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Properties of the PII regulatory protein and the uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 6264-6272.

Adul Rahman RN, Jongsareejit B, Fujiwara S, Imanaka T 1997 Characterization of recombinant glutamine synthetase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain KOD1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2472-2476.

Aertsen A, De Spiegeleer P, Vanoirbeek K, Lavilla M, Michiels CW 2005 Induction of oxidative stress by high hydrostatic pressure in Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 2226-2231.

Agarwal AK, Qi Y, Bhat DG, Woerner BM, Brown SM 2001 Gene isolation and characterization of two acyl CoA oxidases from soybean with broad substrate specificities and enhanced expression in the growing seedling axis. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 519-531.

Aghajanian S, Worrall DM 2002 Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase bifunctional enzyme (CoA synthase). Biochem. J. 365: 13-18.

Agrawal S, Kumar A, Srivastava V, Mishra BN 2003 Cloning, expression, activity and folding studies of serine hydroxymethyltransferase: a target enzyme for cancer chemotherapy. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6: 67-75.

Aharoni A, Giri AP, Verstappen FW, Bertea CM, Sevenier R, Sun Z, Jongsma MA, Schwab W, Bouwmeester HJ 2004 Gain and loss of fruit flavor compounds produced by wild and cultivated strawberry species. Plant Cell 16: 3110-3131.

Aharoni A, Keizer LC, Bouwmeester HJ, Sun Z, Alvarez-Huerta M, Verhoeven HA, Blaas J, van Houwelingen AM, De Vos RC, van Der Voet H, Jansen RC, Guis M, Mol J, Davis RW, Schena M, van Tunen AJ, O'Connell AP 2000 Identification of the SAAT gene involved in strawberry flavor biogenesis by use of DNA microarrays. Plant Cell 12: 647-662.

Ahmad S, Jensen RA 1987 The prephenate dehydrogenase component of the bifunctional T-protein in enteric bacteria can utilize L-arogenate. FEBS Lett. 216: 133-139.

Ahmad S, Jensen RA 1988 The phylogenetic origin of the bifunctional tyrosine-pathway protein in the enteric lineage of bacteria. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5: 282-297.

Ahmed SA, Martin B, Miles EW 1986 Beta-elimination of indole from L-tryptophan catalyzed by bacterial tryptophan synthase: a comparison between reactions catalyzed by tryptophanase and tryptophan synthase. Biochemistry 25: 4233-4240.

Ahn KS, Henney HR Jr 1997 Nucleotide sequence and developmental expression of Acanthamoeba S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1351: 223-230.

Ahn SJ, Shin R, Schachtman DP 2004 Expression of KT/KUP genes in Arabidopsis and the role of root hairs in K+ uptake. Plant Physiol. 134: 1135-1145.

Akad F, Teverovsky E, David A, Czosnek H, Gidoni D, Gera A, Loebenstein G 1999 A cDNA from tobacco codes for an inhibitor of virus replication (IVR)-like protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 969-976.

Akama K, Akihiro T, Kitagawa M, Takaiwa F 2001 Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1522: 143-150.

Akashi T, Aoki T, Ayabe S 2005 Molecular and biochemical characterization of 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase. Involvement of carboxylesterase-like proteins in leguminous isoflavone biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 137: 882-891.

Akashi T, Vanetten HD, Sawada Y, Wasmann CC, Uchiyama H, Ayabe SI 2006 Catalytic specificity of pea O-methyltransferases suggests gene duplication for (+)-pisatin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 67: 2525-2530.

Akesson M, Karlsson EN, Hagander P, Axelsson JP, Tocaj A 1999 On-line detection of acetate formation in Escherichia coli cultures using dissolved oxygen responses to feed transients. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 64: 590-598.

Akiyama T, Pillai MA, Sentoku N 2004 Cloning, characterization and expression of OsGLN2, a rice endo-1,3-beta-glucanase gene regulated developmentally in flowers and hormonally in germinating seeds. Planta 220: 129-139.

Akiyama T, Shibuya M, Liu HM, Ebizuka Y 1999 p-Coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase, a new homologue of chalcone synthase, from Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii. Eur. J. Biochem. 263: 834-839.

Akowski JP, Bauerle R 1997 Steady-state kinetics and inhibitor binding of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (tryptophan sensitive) from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 36: 15817-15822.

Al-Taweel K, Iwaki T, Yabuta Y, Shigeoka S, Murata N, Wadano A 2007 A bacterial transgene for catalase protects translation of D1 protein during exposure of salt-stressed tobacco leaves to strong light. Plant Physiol. 145: 258-265.

Alahari A, Apte SK 2004 A novel potassium deficiency-induced stimulon in Anabaena torulosa. J. Biosci. 29: 153-161.

Aldridge P, Metzger M, Geider K 1997 Genetics of sorbitol metabolism in Erwinia amylovora and its influence on bacterial virulence. Mol. Gen. Genet. 256: 611-619.

Alex D, Bach TJ, Chye ML 2000 Expression of Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase is developmentally regulated and stress-responsive. Plant J. 22: 415-426.

Alexander LG, Sessions RB, Clarke AR, Tatham AS, Shewry PR, Napier JA 2002 Characterization and modelling of the hydrophobic domain of a sunflower oleosin. Planta 214: 546-551.

Alexander RW 2001 Teasing apart the Taxol pathway. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26: 152-153.

Alfadhli S, Rathod PK 2000 Gene organization of a Plasmodium falciparum serine hydroxymethyltransferase and its functional expression in Escherichia coli. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 110: 283-291.

Ali R, Zielinski RE, Berkowitz GA 2006 Expression of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels in yeast. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 125-138.

Alibhai M, Villafranca JJ 1994 Kinetic and mutagenic studies of the role of the active site residues Asp-50 and Glu-327 of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 33: 682-686.

Almaas E, Kovacs B, Vicsek T, Oltvai ZN, Barabasi AL 2004 Global organization of metabolic fluxes in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Nature 427: 839-843.

Almaas E, Oltvai ZN, Barabasi AL 2005 The activity reaction core and plasticity of metabolic networks. PLoS Comput. Biol. 1: e68.

Alper H, Jin YS, Moxley JF, Stephanopoulos G 2005 Identifying gene targets for the metabolic engineering of lycopene biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 7: 155-164.

Alper H, Stephanopoulos G 2008 Uncovering the gene knockout landscape for improved lycopene production in E. coli. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 78: 801-810.

Altaras NE, Cameron DC 1999 Metabolic engineering of a 1,2-propanediol pathway in Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1180-1185.

Alvarez R, Garcia-Maurino S, Feria AB, Vidal J, Echevarria C 2003 A conserved 19-amino acid synthetic peptide from the carboxy terminus of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase inhibits the in vitro phosphorylation of the enzyme by the calcium-independent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase. Plant Physiol. 132: 1097-1106.

Amaratunga M, Fluhr K, Jarrett JT, Drennan CL, Ludwig ML, Matthews RG, Scholten JD 1996 A synthetic module for the metH gene permits facile mutagenesis of the cobalamin-binding region of Escherichia coli methionine synthase: initial characterization of seven mutant proteins. Biochemistry 35: 2453-2463.

Ambikapathy J, Marshall JS, Hocart CH, Hardham AR 2002 The role of proline in osmoregulation in Phytophthora nicotianae. Fungal Genet. Biol. 35: 287-299.

Ament K, Van Schie CC, Bouwmeester HJ, Haring MA, Schuurink RC 2006 Induction of a leaf specific geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and emission of (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene in tomato are dependent on both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways. Planta 224: 1197-1208.

Amezaga MR, Booth IR 1999 Osmoprotection of Escherichia coli by peptone is mediated by the uptake and accumulation of free proline but not of proline-containing peptides. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 5272-5278.

Amon J, Brau T, Grimrath A, HanBler E, Hasselt K, Holler M, JeBberger N, Ott L, Szokol J, Titgemeyer F, Burkovski A 2008 Nitrogen control in Mycobacterium smegmatis: nitrogen-dependent expression of ammonium transport and assimilation proteins depends on OmpR-type regulator GlnR. J. Bacteriol. Aug 8 [Epub ahead of print].

Ananvoranich S, Varin L, Gulick P, Ibrahim R 1994 Cloning and regulation of flavonol 3-sulfotransferase in cell-suspension cultures of Flaveria bidentis. Plant Physiol. 106: 485-491.

Anderson LA, McNairn E, Leubke T, Pau RN, Boxer DH 2000 ModE-dependent molybdate regulation of the molybdenum cofactor operon moa in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol. 182: 7035-7043.

Andrade SL, Dickmanns A, Ficner R, Einsle O 2005 Crystal structure of the archaeal ammonium transporter Amt-1 from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 14994-14999.

Andreasson E, Taipalensuu J, Rask L, Meijer J 1999 Age-dependent wound induction of a myrosinase-associated protein from oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 171-180.

Andreou AZ, Vanko M, Bezakova L, Feussner I 2008 Properties of a mini 9R-lipoxygenase from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 and its mutant forms. Phytochemistry 69: 1832-1837.

Andresen PA, Kaasen I, Styrvold OB, Boulnois G, Strom AR 1988 Molecular cloning, physical mapping and expression of the bet genes governing the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134: 1737-1746.

Anesiadis N, Cluett WR, Mahadevan R 2008 Dynamic metabolic engineering for increasing bioprocess productivity. Metab. Eng. Jun 17 [Epub ahead of print].

Angel Rubio M, Barrado P, Carlos Espinosa J, Jimenez A, Lobato MF 2004 The pur6 gene of the puromycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces alboniger encodes a tyrosinyl-aminonucleoside synthetase. FEBS Lett. 577: 371-375.

Angeles TS, Hunsley JR, Viola RE 1992 Reversal of enzyme regiospecificity with alternative substrates for aspartokinase I from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 31: 799-805.

Angeles TS, Smanik PA, Borders CL Jr, Viola RE 1989 Aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli: pH and chemical modification studies of the kinase activity. Biochemistry 28: 8771-8777.

Angeles TS, Viola RE 1990 The kinetic mechanisms of the bifunctional enzyme aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 283: 96-101.

Angelidis AS, Smith GM 2003 Role of the glycine betaine and carnitine transporters in adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes to chill stress in defined medium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7492-7498.

Angove HC, Cole JA, Richardson DJ, Butt JN 2002 Protein film voltammetry reveals distinctive fingerprints of nitrite and hydroxylamine reduction by a cytochrome C nitrite reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 23374-23381.

Anguera MC, Liu X, Stover PJ 2004 Cloning, expression, and purification of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Mus musculus. Protein Expr. Purif. 35: 276-283.

Ankri S, Serebrijski I, Reyes O, Leblon G 1996 Mutations in the Corynebacterium glutamicum proline biosynthetic pathway: a natural bypass of th proA step. J. Bacteriol. 178: 4412-4419.

Ansari MI, Lee RH, Chen SCG 2005 A novel senescence-associated gene encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): pyruvate transaminase is upregulated during rice leaf senescence. Physiol. Plant. 123: 1-8.

Anthoni U, Christophersen C, Hougaard L, Nielsen PH 1991 Quaternay ammonium compounds in the biosphere - an example of a versatile adaptive strategy. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [B] 99: 1-18.

Antoine W, Stewart JM, de los Reyes BG 2005 The rice homolog of the sodium/lithium tolerance gene functions as molecular chaperon in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 125: 299-310.

Antoniewicz MR, Kraynie DF, Laffend LA, González-Lergier J, Kelleher JK, Stephanopoulos G 2007 Metabolic flux analysis in a nonstationary system: fed-batch fermentation of a high yielding strain of E. coli producing 1,3-propanediol. Metab. Eng. 9: 277-292.

Aoki K, Ogata Y, Shibata D 2007 Approaches for extracting practical information from gene co-expression networks in plant biology. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 381-390.

Aoshima M, Oshima T 1997 Stabilization of Escherichia coli isopropylmalate dehydrogenase by single amino acid substitution. Protein Eng. 10: 249-254.

Arakawa K, Yamada Y, Shinoda K, Nakayama Y, Tomita M 2006 GEM System: automatic prototyping of cell-wide metabolic pathway models from genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 7: 168.

Archer JA, Solow-Cordero DE, Sinskey AJ 1991 A C-terminal deletion in Corynebacterium glutamicum homoserine dehydrogenase abolishes allosteric inhibition by L-threonine. Gene 107: 53-59.

Arenas-Diaz G, Mercado LA, Marshall SH 1995 Bacterial aspartate kinase-like activity in human platelet. Cell Mol. Biol. Res. 41: 461-465.

Arend J, Warzecha H, Hefner T, Stockigt J 2001 Utilizing genetically engineered bacteria to produce plant-specific glucosides. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 76: 126-131.

Argos P, Hanei M, Wilson JM, Kelley WN 1983 A possible nucleotide-binding domain in the tertiary fold of phosphoribosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 6450-6457.

Arias-Negrete S, Jimenez-Romero LA, Soliis-Martiinez MO, Ramiirez-Emiliano J, Avila EE, Cuellar-Mata P 2004 Indirect determination of nitric oxide production by reduction of nitrate with a freeze-thawing-resistant nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli MC1061. Anal. Biochem. 328: 14-21.

Arisi AC, Noctor G, Foyer CH, Jouanin L 1997 Modification of thiol contents in poplars (Populus tremula x P. alba) overexpressing enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis. Planta 203: 362-372.

Aristidou AA, San KY, Bennett GN 1999 Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli expressing the Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase in batch and continuous cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 63: 737-749.

Aristidou AA, San KY, Bennett GN 1995 Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance recombinant protein production through acetate reduction. Biotechnol. Prog. 11: 475-478.

Arita M 2003 In silico atomic tracing by substrate-product relationships in Escherichia coli intermediary metabolism. Genome Res. 13: 2455-2466.

Arkin IT, Xu H, Jensen MO, Arbely E, Bennett ER, Bowers KJ, Chow E, Dror RO, Eastwood MP, Flitman-Tene R, Gregersen BA, Klepeis JL, Kolossváry I, Shan Y, Shaw DE 2007 Mechanism of Na+/H+ antiporting. Science 317: 799-803.

Armengaud J, Fernandez B, Chaumont V, Rollin-Genetet F, Finet S, Marchetti C, Myllykallio H, Vidaud C, Pellequer JL, Gribaldo S, Forterre P, Gans P 2003 Identification, purification, and characterization of an eukaryotic-like phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 31078-31087.

Arnoux P, Sabaty M, Alric J, Frangioni B, Guigliarelli B, Adriano JM, Pignol D 2003 Structural and redox plasticity in the heterodimeric periplasmic nitrate reductase. Nat. Struct. Biol. 10: 928-934.

Arora A, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC 2002 Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Curr. Sci. 82: 1227-1238.

Arrebola E, Cazorla FM, Duran VE, Rivera E, Olea F, Codina JC, Perez-Garcia A, de Vicente A 2003 Mangotoxin: a novel antimetabolite toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae inhibiting ornithine/arginine biosynthesis. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 63: 117-127.

Arredondo-Peter R, Moran JF, Sarath G, Luan P, Klucas RV 1997 Molecular cloning of the cowpea leghemoglobin II gene and expression of its cDNA in Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization of the recombinant protein. Plant Physiol. 114: 493-500.

Arrendondo-Peter R, Hargrove MS, Sarath G, Moran JF, Lohrman J, Olson JS, Klucas RV 1997 Rice hemoglobins. Gene cloning, analysis, and O2-binding kinetics of a recombinant protein synthesized in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 115: 1259-1266.

Arsene-Ploetze F, Bringel F 2004 Role of inorganic carbon in lactic acid bacteria metabolism. Lait 84: 49-59.

Arvizu-Flores AA, Sugich-Miranda R, Arreola R, Garcia-Orozco KD, Velazquez-Contreras EF, Montfort WR, Maley F, Sotelo-Mundo RR 2008 Role of an invariant lysine residue in folate binding on Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase: calorimetric and crystallographic analysis of the K48Q mutant. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40: 2206-2217.

Asanuma N, Iwamoto M, Hino T 1999 Structure and transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding pyruvate formate-lyase of a ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis. Microbiology 145: 151-157.

Asha H, Gowrishankar J 1993 Regulation of kdp operon expression in Escherichia coli: evidence against turgor as signal for transcriptional control. J. Bacteriol. 175: 4528-4537.

Ashenafi M, Carrington R, Collins AC, Byrnes WM 2008 The fused TrpEG from Streptomyces venezuelae is an anthranilate synthase, not a 2-amino-4-deoxyisochorismate (ADIC) synthase. Ethn. Dis. 18: S2-S9-S13.

Atkins WM 1994 Supramolecular self-assembly of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: effects of pressure and adenylylation state on dodecamer stacking. Biochemistry 33: 14965-14973.

Atkins WM, Cader BM, Hemmingsen J, Villafranca JJ 1993 Time-resolved fluorescence and computational studies of adenylylated glutamine synthetase: analysis of intersubunit interactions. Protein Sci. 2: 800-813.

Atkins WM, Villafranca JJ 1992 Time-resolved fluorescence studies of tryptophan mutants of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: conformational analysis of intermediates and transition-state complexes. Protein Sci. 1: 342-355.

Atkinson MR, Blauwkamp TA, Bondarenko V, Studitsky V, Ninfa AJ 2002 Activation of the glnA, glnK, and nac promoters as Escherichia coli undergoes the transition from nitrogen excess growth to nitrogen starvation. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5358-5363.

Atkinson MR, Blauwkamp TA, Ninfa AJ 2002 Context-dependent functions of the PII and GlnK signal transduction proteins in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5364-5375.

Atkinson MR, Kamberov ES, Weiss RL, Ninfa AJ 1994 Reversible uridylylation of the Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein regulates its ability to stimulate the dephosphorylation of the transcription factor nitrogen regulator I (NRI or NtrC). J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28288-28293.

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1999 Characterization of the GlnK protein of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 32: 301-313.

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1992 Characterization of Escherichia coli glnL mutations affecting nitrogen regulation. J. Bacteriol. 174: 4538-4548.

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1998 Role of the GlnK signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 431-447.

Atkinson MR, Pattaramanon N, Ninfa AJ 2002 Governor of the glnAp2 promoter of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 46: 1247-1257.

Atkinson MR, Savageau MA, Myers JT, Ninfa AJ 2003 Development of genetic circuitry exhibiting toggle switch or oscillatory behavior in Escherichia coli. Cell 113: 597-607.

Attieh J, Djiana R, Koonjul P, Etienne C, Sparace SA, Saini HS 2002 Cloning and functional expression of two plant thiol methyltransferases: a new class of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sulfur volatiles. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 511-521.

Aubel D, Germond JE, Gilbert C, Atlan D 2002 Isolation of the patC gene encoding the cystathionine beta-lyase of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and molecular analysis of inter-strain variability in enzyme biosynthesis. Microbiology 148: 2029-2036.

Auger S, Yuen WH, Danchin A, Martin-Verstraete I 2002 The metIC operon involved in methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by transcription antitermination. Microbiology 148: 507-518.

Augier V, Asso M, Guigliarelli B, More C, Bertrand P, Santini CL, Blasco F, Chippaux M, Giordano G 1993 Removal of the high-potential [4Fe-4S] center of the beta-subunit from Escherichia coli nitrate reductase. Physiological, biochemical, and EPR characterization of site-directed mutated enzymes. Biochemistry 32: 5099-5108.

Augier V, Guigliarelli B, Asso M, Bertrand P, Frixon C, Giordano G, Chippaux M, Blasco F 1993 Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved cysteine residues within the beta subunit of Escherichia coli nitrate reductase. Physiological, biochemical, and EPR characterization of the mutated enzymes. Biochemistry 32: 2013-2023.

Austgen TR, Chen MK, Moore W, Souba WW 1991 Endotoxin and renal glutamine metabolism. Arch. Surg. 126: 23-27.

Austin-Brown SL, Chapman KD 2002 Inhibition of phospholipase Dalpha by N-acylethanolamines. Plant Physiol. 129: 1892-1898.

Avila C, Marquez AJ, Pajuelo P, Cannell ME, Wallsgrove RM, Forde BG 1993 Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for barley ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase and molecular analysis of photorespiratory mutants deficient in the enzyme. Planta 189: 475-483.

Awai K, Kakimoto T, Awai C, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Takamiya K, Wada H, Ohta H 2006 Comparative genomic analysis revealed a gene for monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase, an enzyme for photosynthetic membrane lipid synthesis in cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 141: 1120-1127.

Awai K, Watanabe H, Benning C, Nishida I 2007 Digalactosyldiacylglycerol is required for better photosynthetic growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 under phosphate limitation. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 1517-1523.

Azachi M, Sadka A, Fisher M, Goldshlag P, Gokhman I, Zamir A 2002 Salt induction of fatty acid elongase and membrane lipid modifications in the extreme halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina. Plant Physiol. 129: 1320-1329.

Babajide OJ, Babajide OO, Daramola AO, Mabusela WT 2008 Flavonols and an oxychromonol from Piliostigma reticulatum. Phytochemistry 69: 2245-2250.

Babu BN, Brown OR 1995 Quantitative effects of redox-cycling chemicals on the oxidant-sensitive enzyme dihydroxy-acid dehydratase. Microbios. 82: 157-170.

Baedeker M, Schulz GE 1999 Overexpression of a designed 2.2 kb gene of eukaryotic phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 457: 57-60.

Baerson SR, Rodriguez DJ, Tran M, Feng Y, Biest NA, Dill GM 2002 Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass. Identification of a mutation in the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 129: 1265-1275.

Baetens M, Legrain C, Boyen A, Glansdorff N 1998 Genes and enzymes of the acetyl cycle of arginine biosynthesis in the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27. Microbiology 144: 479-492.

Baga M, Nair RB, Repellin A, Scoles GJ, Chibbar RN 2000 Isolation of a cDNA encoding a granule-bound 152-kilodalton starch-branching enzyme in wheat. Plant Physiol. 124: 253-264.

Baggio L, Morrison M 1996 The NAD(P)H-utilizing glutamate dehydrogenase of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron belongs to enzyme family I, and its activity is affected by trans-acting gene(s) positioned downstream of gdhA. J. Bacteriol. 178: 7212-7220.

Bagni N, Tassoni A 2001 Biosynthesis, oxidation and conjugation of aliphatic polyamines in higher plants. Amino Acids 20: 301-317.

Baich A 1971 The biosynthesis of proline in Escherichia coli. Phosphate-dependent glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), the second enzyme in the pathway. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 244: 129-134.

Baich A 1969 Proline synthesis in Escherichia coli. A proline-inhibitable glutamic acid kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 192: 462-467.

Bailey-Serres J, Dawe RK 1996 Both 5' and 3' sequences of maize adh1 mRNA are required for enhanced translation under low-oxygen conditions. Plant Physiol. 112: 685-695.

Bak S, Kahn RA, Nielsen HL, Moller BL, Halkier BA 1998 Cloning of three A-type cytochromes P450, CYP71E1, CYP98, and CYP99 from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench by a PCR approach and identification by expression in Escherichia coli of CYP71E1 as a multifunctional cytochrome P450 … Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 393-405.

Baker KP, Boxer DH 1991 Regulation of the chlA locus of Escherichia coli K12: involvement of molybdenum cofactor. Mol. Microbiol. 5: 901-907.

Balasundaram D, Tyagi AK 1989 Modulation of arginine decarboxylase activity from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Evidence for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-mediated conformational changes in the enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 183: 339-345.

Baldwin JC, Karthikeyan AS, Raghothama KG 2001 LEPS2, a phosphorus starvation-induced novel acid phosphatase from tomato. Plant Physiol. 125: 728-737.

Baliarda A, Robert H, Jebbar M, Blanco C, Le Marrec C 2003 Isolation and characterization of ButA, a secondary glycine betaine transport system operating in Tetragenococcus halophila. Curr. Microbiol. 47: 347-351.

Baliarda A, Robert H, Jebbar M, Blanco C, Le Marrec C 2003 Isolation and characterization of ButA, a secondary glycine betaine transport system operating in Tetragenococcus halophila. Curr. Microbiol. 47: 347-351.

Ball SG, Morell MK 2003 From bacterial glycogen to starch: understanding the biogenesis of the plant starch granule. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54: 207-233.

Ballicora MA, Laughlin MJ, Fu Y, Okita TW, Barry GF, Preiss J 1995 Adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase from potato tuber. Significance of the N terminus of the small subunit for catalytic properties and heat stability. Plant Physiol. 109: 245-251.

Baltes N, Hennig-Pauka I, Jacobsen I, Gruber AD, Gerlach GF 2003 Identification of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its role in infection. Infect. Immun. 71: 6784-6792.

Baltz RH 2001 Genetic methods and strategies for secondary metabolite yield improvement in actinomycetes. Antonie Van Leewenhoek 79: 251-259.

Banerjee RV, Frasca V, Ballou DP, Matthews RG 1990 Participation of cob(I) alamin in the reaction catalyzed by methionine synthase from Escherichia coli: a steady-state and rapid reaction kinetic analysis. Biochemistry 29: 11101-11109.

Bantignies B, Seguin J, Muzac I, Dedaldechamp F, Gulick P, Ibrahim R 2000 Direct evidence for ribonucleolytic activity of a PR-10-like protein from white lupin roots. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 871-881.

Bao W, Sheldon PJ, Hutchinson CR 1999 Purification and properties of the Streptomyces peucetius DpsC beta-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase III that specifies the propionate-starter unit for type II polyketide biosynthesis. Biochemistry 38: 9752-9757.

Barber MJ, Desai SK, Marohnic CC, Hernandez HH, Pollock VV 2002 Synthesis and bacterial expression of a gene encoding the heme domain of assimilatory nitrate reductase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 402: 38-50.

Barderi P, Campetella O, Frasch AC, Santome JA, Hellman U, Pettersson U, Cazzulo JJ 1998 The NADP+-linked glutamate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi: sequence, genomic organization and expression. Biochem. J. 330: 951-958.

Bardey V, Vallet C, Robas N, Charpentier B, Thouvenot B, Mougin A, Hajnsdorf E, Regnier P, Springer M, Branlant C 2005 Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential production of erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 57: 1265-1287.

Baril C, Richaud C, Fournie E, Baranton G, Saint Girons I 1992 Cloning of dapD, aroD and asd of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, and nucleotide sequence of the asd gene. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 47-53.

Barker JH, Slocombe SP, Ball KL, Hardie DG, Shewry PR, Halford NG 1996 Evidence that barley 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase kinase is a member of the sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase family. Plant Physiol. 112: 1141-1149.

Barra D, Martini F, Angelaccio S, Bossa F, Gavilanes F, Peterson D, Bullis B, Schirch L 1983 Sequence homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116: 1007-1012.

Barra L, Pica N, Gouffi K, Walker GC, Blanco C, Trautwetter A 2003 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is required for sucrose and trehalose to be efficient osmoprotectants in Sinorhizobium meliloti. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 229: 183-188.

Barratt DH, Barber L, Kruger NJ, Smith AM, Wang TL, Martin C 2001 Multiple, distinct isoforms of sucrose synthase in pea. Plant Physiol. 127: 655-664.

Barrero-Gil J, Rodríguez-Navarro A, Benito B 2007 Cloning of the PpNHAD1 transporter of Physcomitrella patens, a chloroplast transporter highly conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2839-2849.

Barron A, Jung JU, Villarejo M 1987 Purification and characterization of a glycine betaine binding protein from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 11841-11846.

Bartlem D, Lambein I, Okamoto T, Itaya A, Uda Y, Kijima F, Tamaki Y, Nambara E, Naito S 2000 Mutation in the threonine synthase gene results in an over-accumulation of soluble methionine in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 123: 101-110.

Bartling D, Weiler EW 1992 Leucine aminopeptidase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular evidence for a phylogenetically conserved enzyme of protein turnover in higher plants. Eur. J. Biochem. 205: 425-431.

Bartsch K, von Johnn-Marteville A, Schulz A 1990 Molecular analysis of two genes of the Escherichia coli gab cluster: nucleotide sequence of the glutamate:succinic semialdehyde transaminase gene (gabT) and characterization of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene (gabD). J. Bacteriol. 172: 7035-7042.

Basset GJ, Quinlivan EP, Ravanel S, Rebeille F, Nichols BP, Shinozaki K, Seki M, Adams-Phillips LC, Giovannoni JJ, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2004 Folate synthesis in plants: the p-aminobenzoate branch is initiated by a bifunctional PabA-PabB protein that is targeted to plastids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 1496-1501.

Basset GJ, Ravanel S, Quinlivan EP, White R, Giovannoni JJ, Rebeille F, Nichols BP, Shinozaki K, Seki M, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2004 Folate synthesis in plants: the last step of the p-aminobenzoate branch is catalyzed by a plastidial aminodeoxychorismate lyase. Plant J. 40: 453-461.

Bastola DR, Pethe VV, Winicov I 1998 Alfin1, a novel zinc-finger protein in alfalfa roots that binds to promoter elements in the salt-inducible MsPRP2 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 1123-1135.

Basurko MJ, Marche M, Darriet M, Cassaigne A 1999 Phosphoserine aminotransferase, the second step-catalyzing enzyme for serine biosynthesis. IUBMB Life 48: 525-529.

Bate NJ, Sivasankar S, Moxon C, Riley JM, Thompson JE, Rothstein SJ 1998 Molecular characterization of an Arabidopsis gene encoding hydroperoxide lyase, a cytochrome P-450 that is wound inducible. Plant Physiol. 117: 1393-1400.

Baum G, Chen Y, Arazi T, Takatsuji H, Fromm H 1993 A plant glutamate decarboxylase containing a calmodulin binding domain. Cloning, sequence, and functional analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 19610-19617.

Beagle JM, Apgar GA, Jones KL, Griswold KE, Radcliffe JS, Qiu X, Lightfoot DA, Iqbal MJ 2006 The digestive fate of Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase deoxyribonucleic acid from transgenic corn in diets fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 597-607.

Bearne SL, Hekmat O, Macdonnell JE 2001 Inhibition of Escherichia coli CTP synthase by glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and the role of the allosteric effector GTP in glutamine hydrolysis. Biochem. J. 356: 223-232.

Bearne SL, Wolfenden R 1995 Glutamate gamma-semialdehyde as a natural transition state analogue inhibitor of Escherichia coli glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase. Biochemistry 34: 11515-11520.

Becker DF, Thomas EA 2001 Redox properties of the PutA protein from Escherichia coli and the influence of the flavin redox state on PutA-DNA interactions. Biochemistry 40: 4714-4721.

Bedhomme M, Hoffmann M, McCarthy EA, Gambonnet B, Moran RG, Rebeille F, Ravanel S 2005 Folate metabolism in plants: an Arabidopsis homolog of the mammalian mitochondrial folate transporter mediates folate import into chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 34823-34831.

Bednarek SY, Reynolds TL, Schroeder M, Grabowski R, Hengst L, Gallwitz D, Raikhel NV 1994 A small GTP-binding protein from Arabidopsis thaliana functionally complements the yeast YPT6 null mutant. Plant Physiol. 104: 591-596.

Beekwilder J, Alvarez-Huerta M, Neef E, Verstappen FW, Bouwmeester HJ, Aharoni A 2004 Functional characterization of enzymes forming volatile esters from strawberry and banana. Plant Physiol. 135: 1865-1878.

Begam M, Kumar S, Roy S, Campanella JJ, Kapoor HC 2006 Molecular cloning and functional identification of a ribosome inactivating/antiviral protein from leaves of post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata and its expression in E. coli. Phytochemistry 67: 2441-2449.

Begley TJ, Samson LD 2003 AlkB mystery solved: oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine adducts by a direct reversal mechanism. Trends Biochem. Sci. 28: 2-5.

Behal RH, Oliver DJ 1998 NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Characterization of two closely related subunits. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 691-698.

Beismann-Driemeyer S, Sterner R 2001 Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase from Thermotoga maritima - Quaternary structure, steady-state kinetics, and reaction mechanism of the bienzyme complex. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 20387-20396.

Bejar CM, Ballicora MA, Gomez-Casati DF, Iglesias AA, Preiss J 2004 The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Escherichia coli comprises two tightly bound distinct domains. FEBS Lett. 573: 99-104.

Bejar CM, Jin X, Ballicora MA, Preiss J 2006 Molecular architecture of the glucose 1-phosphate site in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 40473-40484.

Belenghi B, Acconcia F, Trovato M, Perazzolli M, Bocedi A, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P, Delledonne M 2003 AtCYS1, a cystatin from Arabidopsis thaliana, suppresses hypersensitive cell death. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 2593-2604.

Bell E, Malmberg RL 1990 Analysis of a cDNA encoding arginine decarboxylase from oat reveals similarity to the Escherichia coli arginine decarboxlase and evidence of protein processing. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 431-436.

Bell JK, Pease PJ, Bell JE, Grant GA, Banaszak LJ 2002 De-regulation of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase by domain removal. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4176-4184.

Bell KS, Sebaihia M, Pritchard L, Holden MT, Hyman LJ, Holeva MC, Thomson NR, Bentley SD, Churcher LJ, Mungall K, Atkin R, Bason N, Brooks K, Chillingworth T, Clark K, Doggett J, Fraser A, Hance Z, Hauser H, Jagels K, Moule S, Norbertczak H, et al 2004 Genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 11105-11110.

Bell LC, Page MD, Berks BC, Richardson DJ, Ferguson SJ 1993 Insertion of transposon Tn5 into a structural gene of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase of Thiosphaera pantotropha results in anaerobic overexpression of periplasmic nitrate reductase activity. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 3205-3214.

Bellafiore S, Ferris P, Naver H, Gohre V, Rochaix JD 2002 Loss of Albino3 leads to the specific depletion of the light-harvesting system. Plant Cell 14: 2303-2314.

Bellissimo DB, Privalle LS 1995 Expression of spinach nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli: site-directed mutagenesis of predicted active site amino acids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 323: 155-163.

Bellucci M, Ederli L, De Marchis F, Pasqualini S, Arcioni S 2004 Transformation of Lotus corniculatus plants with Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase A: effect on nitrogen assimilation and plant development. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 78: 139-150.

Bender RA, Macaluso A, Magasanik B 1976 Glutamate dehydrogenase: genetic mapping and isolation of regulatory mutants of Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 127: 141-148.

Bender RA, Magasanik B 1977 Autogenous regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 132: 106-112.

Benichou M, Li Z, Tournier B, Chaves A, Zegzouti H, Jauneau A, Delalande C, Latche A, Bouzayen M, Spremulli LL, Pech JC 2003 Tomato EF-Ts(mt), a functional mitochondrial translation elongation factor from higher plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 53: 411-422.

Bennett B, Langan P, Coates L, Mustyakimov M, Schoenborn B, Howell EE, Dealwis C 2006 Neutron diffraction studies of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase complexed with methotrexate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 18493-18498.

Bennett GN, San KY 2001 Microbial formation, biotechnological production and applications of 1,2-propanediol. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55: 1-9.

Bennett M, Cullimore J 1990 Expression of three plant glutamine synthetase cDNA in Escherichia coli. Formation of catalytically active isoenzymes, and complementation of a glnA mutant. Eur. J. Biochem. 193: 319-324.

Berberich MA 1985 Effect of some D-amino acids on the steady-state level of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 163: 1109-1113.

Berberich MA 1985 Catabolism and nitrogen control in Escherichia coli. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 26: 491-502.

Berducci G, Mazzetti AP, Rotilio G, Battistoni A 2004 Periplasmic competition for zinc uptake between the metallochaperone ZnuA and Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase. FEBS Lett. 569: 289-292.

Berendt U, Haverkamp T, Prior A, Schwenn JD 1995 Reaction mechanism of thioredoxin: 3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 347-356.

Bereswill S, Fassbinder F, Volzing C, Haas R, Reuter K, Ficner R, Kist M 1997 Cloning and functional characterization of the genes encoding 3-dehydroquinate synthase (aroB) and tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) from Helicobacter pylori. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) 186: 125-134.

Berg BL, Stewart V 1990 Structural genes for nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli K-12. Genetics 125: 691-702.

Berg CM, Whalen WA, Archambault LB 1983 Role of alanine-valine transaminase in Salmonella typhimurium and analysis of an avtA::Tn5 mutant. J. Bacteriol. 155: 1009-1014.

Berg HC 2003 The rotary motor of bacterial flagella. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 19-54.

Berger A, Meinhard J, Petersen M 2006 Rosmarinic acid synthase is a new member of the superfamily of BAHD acyltransferases. Planta 224: 1503-1510.

Bergkamp RJ, Geerse RH, Verbakel JM, Musters W, Planta RJ 1991 Cloning and disruption of the LEU2 gene of Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556. Yeast 7: 963-970.

Berkovitch F, Nicolet Y, Wan JT, Jarrett JT, Drennan CL 2004 Crystal structure of biotin synthase, an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent radical enzyme. Science 303: 76-79.

Berlett BS, Friguet B, Yim MB, Chock PB, Stadtman ER 1996 Peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues in Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase mimics adenylylation: relevance to signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 1776-1780.

Berlett BS, Levine RL, Stadtman ER 1998 Carbon dioxide stimulates peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues and inhibits oxidation of methionine residues of glutamine synthetase: both modifications mimic effects of adenylylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2784-2789.

Berlett BS, Levine RL, Stadtman ER 1996 Comparison of the effects of ozone on the modification of amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase and bovine serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4177-4182.

Berlicki L, Obojska A, Forlani G, Kafarski P 2005 Design, synthesis, and activity of analogues of phosphinothricin as inhibitors of glutamine synthetase. J. Med. Chem. 48: 6340-6449.

Bernal V, Arense P, Blatz V, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Cánovas M, Iborra JL 2008 Role of betaine:CoA ligase (CaiC) in the activation of betaines and the transfer of coenzyme A in Escherichia Coli. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105: 42-50.

Bernard T, Ayache M, Le Rudulier D 1988 Restoration, by glycine betaine, of growth and enzyme activities of Escherichia coli Lac-mutants. C. R. Acad. Sci. III 307: 99-104.

Bernard T, Jebbar M, Rassouli Y, Himdikabbab S, Hamelin J, Blanco C 1993 Ectoine accumulation and osmotic regulation in Brevibacterium linens. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 129-136.

Bernasconi P, Walters EW, Woodworth AR, Siehl DL, Stone TE, Subramanian MV 1994 Functional expression of Arabidopsis thaliana anthranilate synthase subunit I in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 106: 353-358.

Bernasconi P, Woodworth AR, Rosen BA, Subramanian MV, Siehl DL 1995 A naturally occurring point mutation confers broad range tolerance to herbicides that target acetolactate synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 17381-17385.

Bernstein JR, Bulter T, Liao JC 2008 Transfer of the high-GC cyclohexane carboxylate degradation pathway from Rhodopseudomonas palustris to Escherichia coli for production of biotin. Metab. Eng. 10: 131-140.

Berrios-Rivera SJ, Bennett GN, San KY 2002 The effect of increasing NADH availability on the redistribution of metabolic fluxes in Escherichia coli chemostat cultures. Metab. Eng. 4: 230-237.

Berrios-Rivera SJ, Bennett GN, San KY 2002 Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli: increase of NADH availability by overexpressing an NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase. Metab. Eng. 4: 217-229.

Berrios-Rivera SJ, San KY, Bennett GN 2002 The effect of NAPRTase overexpression on the total levels of NAD, the NADH/NAD+ ratio, and the distribution of metabolites in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 4: 238-247.

Berrios-Rivera SJ, Yang YT, Bennett GN, San KY 2000 Effect of glucose analog supplementation on metabolic flux distribution in anaerobic chemostat cultures of Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 2: 149-154.

Berry A 1996 Improving production of aromatic compounds in Escherichia coli by metabolic engineering. Trends Biotechnol. 14: 250-256.

Bertero MG, Rothery RA, Boroumand N, Palak M, Blasco F, Ginet N, Weiner JH, Strynadka NC 2005 Structural and biochemical characterization of a quinol binding site of Escherichia coli nitrate reductase A. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 14836-14843.

Bertero MG, Rothery RA, Palak M, Hou C, Lim D, Blasco F, Weiner JH, Strynadka NCJ 2003 Insights into the respiratory electron transfer pathway from the structure of nitrate reductase A. Nat. Struct. Biol. 10: 681-687.

Bertoldi M, Carbone V, Borri Voltattorni C 1999 Ornithine and glutamate decarboxylases catalyse an oxidative deamination of their alpha-methyl substrates. Biochem. J. 342: 509-512.

Betti M, Arcondeguy T, Marquez AJ 2006 Molecular analysis of two mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in plastidic glutamine synthetase: functional properties of purified GLN2 enzymes. Planta 224: 1068-1079.

Bevers LE, Hagedoorn PL, Krijger GC, Hagen WR 2006 Tungsten transport protein A (WtpA) in Pyrococcus furiosus: the first member of a new class of tungstate and molybdate transporters. J. Bacteriol. 188: 6498-6505.

Bevers LE, Hagedoorn PL, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Magalon A, Hagen WR, Schwarz G 2008 Function of MoaB proteins in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum and tungsten cofactors. Biochemistry 47: 949-956.

Bhartiya S, Rawool S, Venkatesh KV 2003 Dynamic model of Escherichia coli tryptophan operon shows an optimal structural design. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 2644-2651.

Bhat PJ, Venkatesh KV 2005 Stochastic variation in the concentration of a repressor activates GAL genetic switch: implications in evolution of regulatory network. FEBS Lett. 579: 597-603.

Bhuiya MW, Sakuraba H, Kujo C, Nunoura-Kominato N, Kawarabayasi Y, Kikuchi H, Ohshima T 2000 Glutamate dehydrogenase from the aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1: enzymatic characterization, identification of the encoding gene, and phylogenetic implications. Extremophiles 4: 333-341.

Biagini A, Puigserver A 2001 Sequence analysis of the aminoacylase-1 family. A new proposed signature for metalloexopeptidases. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 128: 469-481.

Bick JA, Aslund F, Chen Y, Leustek T 1998 Glutaredoxin function for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 8404-8409.

Bick JA, Dennis JJ, Zylstra GJ, Nowack J, Leustek T 2000 Identification of a new class of 5'-adenylylsulfate (APS) reductases from sulfate-assimilating bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 182: 135-142.

Bick JA, Setterdahl AT, Knaff DB, Chen Y, Pitcher LH, Zilinskas BA, Leustek T 2001 Regulation of the plant-type 5'-adenylyl sulfate reductase by oxidative stress. Biochemistry 40: 9040-9048.

Biellmann JF, Eid P, Hirth C 1980 Affinity labeling of the Escherichia coli aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase with an alkylating coenzyme analogue. Half-site reactivity and competition with the substrate alkylating analogue. Eur. J. Biochem. 104: 65-69.

Biellmann JF, Eid P, Hirth C, Jornvall H 1980 Aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Affinity labeling with the substrate analogue L-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic acid: an example of half-site reactivity. Eur. J. Biochem. 104: 59-64.

Biellmann JF, Eid P, Hirth C, Jornvall H 1980 Aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Purification and general properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 104: 53-58.

Biemans-Oldehinkel E, Poolman B 2003 On the role of the two extracytoplasmic substrate-binding domains in the ABC transporter OpuA. EMBO J. 22: 5983-5993.

Bild GS, Boyer PD 1980 Subunit interaction during catalysis: ammonium ion modulation of catalytic steps in the Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase reaction. Biochemistry 19: 5774-5781.

Bilsel O, Yang L, Zitzewitz JA, Beechem JM, Matthews CR 1999 Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study of the refolding reaction of the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase reveals nonmonotonic behavior of the rotational correlation time. Biochemistry 38: 4177-4187.

Bilsel O, Zitzewitz JA, Bowers KE, Matthews CR 1999 Folding mechanism of the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase, an alpha/beta barrel protein: global analysis highlights the interconversion of multiple native, intermediate, and unfolded forms through parallel channels. Biochemistry 38: 1018-1029.

Birolo L, Dal Piaz F, Pucci P, Marino G 2002 Structural characterization of the M* partly folded intermediate of wild type and P138A aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 17428-17437.

Birolo L, Malashkevich VN, Capitani G, De Luca F, Moretta A, Jansonius JN, Marino G 1999 Functional and structural analysis of cis-proline mutants of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase. Biochemistry 38: 905-913.

Birolo L, Tutino ML, Fontanella B, Gerday C, Mainolfi K, Pascarella S, Sannia G, Vinci F, Marino G 2000 Aspartate aminotransferase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125. Cloning, expression, properties, and molecular modelling. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 2790-2802.

Bischoff M, Rosler J, Raesecke HR, Gorlach J, Amrhein N, Schmid J 1996 Cloning of a cDNA encoding a 3-dehydroquinate synthase from a higher plant, and analysis of the organ-specific and elicitor-induced expression of the corresponding gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 31: 69-76.

Bischoff M, Schaller A, Bieri F, Kessler F, Amrhein N, Schmid J 2001 Molecular characterization of tomato 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase-shikimate:NADP oxidoreductase. Plant Physiol. 125: 1891-1900.

Bitonti AJ, McCann PP, Sjoerdsma A 1982 Restriction of bacterial growth by inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by using monofluoromethylornithine, difluoromethylarginine and dicyclohexylammonium sulphate. Biochem. J. 208: 435-441.

Blanchard CZ, Lee YM, Frantom PA, Waldrop GL 1999 Mutations at four active site residues of biotin carboxylase abolish substrate-induced synergism by biotin. Biochemistry 38: 3393-3400.

Blanco-Rivero MC, Takabe T, Viale AM 2005 Functional differences between cyanobacterial DnaK1 chaperones from the halophyte Aphanothece halophytica and the freshwater species Synechococcus elongatus expressed in Escherichia coli. Curr. Microbiol. 51: 164-170.

Blank LM, Ebert BE, Buhler B, Schmid A 2008 Metabolic capacity estimation of Escherichia coli as a platform for redox biocatalysis: constraint-based modeling and experimental verification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 100: 1050-1065.

Blankenhorn D, Phillips J, Slonczewski JL 1999 Acid- and base-induced proteins during aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2209-2216.

Blasco F, Dos Santos JP, Magalon A, Frixon C, Guigliarelli B, Santini CL, Giordano G 1998 NarJ is a specific chaperone required for molybdenum cofactor assembly in nitrate reductase A of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 28: 435-447.

Blasco F, Guigliarelli B, Magalon A, Asso M, Giordano G, Rothery RA 2001 The coordination and function of the redox centres of the membrane-bound nitrate reductases. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58: 179-193.

Blasco F, Iobbi C, Giordano G, Chippaux M, Bonnefoy V 1989 Nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli: completion of the nucleotide sequence of the nar operon and reassessment of the role of the alpha and beta subunits in iron binding and electron transfer. Mol. Gen. Genet. 218: 249-256.

Blasco F, Iobbi C, Ratouchniak J, Bonnefoy V, Chippaux M 1990 Nitrate reductases of Escherichia coli: sequence of the second nitrate reductase and comparison with that encoded by the narGHJI operon. Mol. Gen. Genet. 222: 104-111.

Blasco F, Pommier J, Augier V, Chippaux M, Giordano G 1992 Involvement of the narJ or narW gene product in the formation of active nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 221-230.

Blaszczyk A, Sirko L, Hawkesford MJ, Sirko A 2002 Biochemical analysis of transgenic tobacco lines producing bacterial serine acetyltransferase. Plant Sci. 162: 589-597.

Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y 1997 The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science 277: 1453-1474.

Blauwkamp TA, Ninfa AJ 2002 Physiological role of the GlnK signal transduction protein of Escherichia coli: survival of nitrogen starvation. Mol. Microbiol. 46: 203-214.

Blauwkamp TA, Ninfa AJ 2002 Nac-mediated repression of the serA promoter of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 45: 351-363.

Blickling S, Beisel HG, Bozic D, Knablein J, Laber B, Huber R 1997 Structure of dihydrodipicolinate synthase of Nicotiana sylvestris reveals novel quaternary structure. J. Mol. Biol. 274: 608-621.

Blickling S, Renner C, Laber B, Pohlenz HD, Holak TA, Huber R 1997 Reaction mechanism of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase investigated by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 36: 24-33.

Block MA, Tewari AK, Albrieux C, Marechal E, Joyard J 2002 The plant S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase is located in both envelope and thylakoid chloroplast membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 240-248.

Blokesch M, Rohrmoser M, Rode S, Bock A 2004 HybF, a zinc-containing protein involved in NiFe. hydrogenase maturation. J. Bacteriol. 186: 2603-2611.

Bloom F, Smith CJ, Jessee J, Veileux B, Deutch AH 1983 The use of genetically engineered strains of Escherichia coli for the overproduction of free amino acids: proline as a model system. In "Advances in Gene Technology: Molecular Genetics of Plants and Animals", Academic Press, New York, pp. 383-394.

Bloom FR, Levin MS, Foor F, Tyler B 1978 Regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase. J. Bacteriol. 134: 569-577.

Bloom FR, Streicher SL, Tyler B 1977 Regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of Salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation. J. Bacteriol. 130: 983-990.

Bloss T, Clemens S, Nies DH 2002 Characterization of the ZAT1p zinc transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana in microbial model organisms and reconstituted proteoliposomes. Planta 214: 783-791.

Board PG, Baker RT, Chelvanayagam G, Jermiin LS 1997 Zeta, a novel class of glutathione transferases in a range of species from plants to humans. Biochem. J. 328: 929-935.

Boch J, Kempf B, Schmid R, Bremer E 1996 Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5121-5129.

Boch J, Nau-Wagner G, Kneip S, Bremer E 1997 Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis: characterization of an enzyme required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Arch. Microbiol. 168: 282-289.

Bodei C, Bracciali A, Chiarugi D 2008 On deducing causality in metabolic networks. BMC Bioinformatics 9 Suppl. 4: S8.

Bodenmiller DM, Spiro S 2006 The yjeB (nsrR) gene of Escherichia coli encodes a nitric oxide-sensitive transcriptional regulator. J. Bacteriol. 188: 874-881.

Boehlein SK, Richards NG, Walworth ES, Schuster SM 1994 Arginine 30 and asparagine 74 have functional roles in the glutamine dependent activities of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 26789-26795.

Boehlein SK, Schuster SM, Richards NG 1996 Glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate and hydroxylamine are alternate substrates for Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. Biochemistry 35: 3031-3037.

Boehlein SK, Stewart JD, Walworth ES, Thirumoorthy R, Richards NG, Schuster SM 1998 Kinetic mechanism of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. Biochemistry 37: 13230-13238.

Boehlein SK, Walworth ES, Richards NG, Schuster SM 1997 Mutagenesis and chemical rescue indicate residues involved in beta-aspartyl-AMP formation by Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 12384-12392.

Boehlein SK, Walworth ES, Schuster SM 1997 Identification of cysteine-523 in the aspartate binding site of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. Biochemistry 36: 10168-10177.

Bogdanova N, Hell R 1997 Cysteine synthesis in plants: protein-protein interactions of serine acetyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 11: 251-262.

Boghigian BA, Pfeifer BA 2008 Current status, strategies, and potential for the metabolic engineering of heterologous polyketides in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Lett. 30: 1323-1330.

Bohlmann J, De Luca V, Eilert U, Martin W 1995 Purification and cDNA cloning of anthranilate synthase from Ruta graveolens: modes of expression and properties of native and recombinant enzymes. Plant J. 7: 491-501.

Bohlmann J, Lins T, Martin W, Eilert U 1996 Anthranilate synthase from Ruta graveolens. Duplicated AS alpha genes encode tryptophan-sensitive and tryptophan-insensitive isoenzymes specific to amino acid and alkaloid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 111: 507-514.

Bohlmann J, Martin D, Oldham NJ, Gershenzon J 2000 Terpenoid secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of a myrcene/(E)-beta-ocimene synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375: 261-269.

Bohlmann J, Phillips M, Ramachandiran V, Katoh S, Croteau R 1999 cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of four new monoterpene synthase members of the Tpsd gene family from grand fir (Abies grandis). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 368: 232-243.

Boldt R, Edner C, Kolukisaoglu U, Hagemann M, Weckwerth W, Wienkoop S, Morgenthal K, Bauwe H 2005 D-GLYCERATE 3-KINASE, the last unknown enzyme in the photorespiratory cycle in Arabidopsis, belongs to a novel kinase family. Plant Cell 17: 2413-2420.

Bolognesi A, Polito L, Olivieri F, Valbonesi P, Barbieri L, Battelli MG, Carusi MV, Benvenuto E, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Di Maro A, Parente A, Di Loreto M, Stirpe F 1997 New ribosome-inactivating proteins with polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase and antiviral activities from Basella rubra L. and bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Planta 203: 422-429.

Bolte S, Schiene K, Dietz KJ 2000 Characterization of a small GTP-binding protein of the rab 5 family in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum with increased level of expression during early salt stress. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 923-936.

Boncompagni E, Dupont L, Mignot T, Osteras M, Lambert A, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D 2000 Characterization of a Snorhizobium meliloti ATP-binding cassette histidine transporter also involved in betaine and proline uptake. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3717-3725.

Bondaryk RP, Paulus H 1985 Cloning and structure of the gene for the subunits of aspartokinase II from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 585-591.

Bondaryk RP, Paulus H 1985 Expression of the gene for Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 592-597.

Bongaerts R, Verpoorte R 2000 HPLC assays for the chorismate utilizing enzymes chorismate pyruvate lyase and para-aminobenzoate synthase. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 23: 2703-2713.

Bonnefoy V, Demoss JA 1994 Nitrate reductases in Escherichia coli. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 66: 47-56.

Bonnefoy V, Ratouchniak J, Blasco F, Chippaux M 1997 Organization of the nar genes at the chlZ locus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 147: 147-149.

Bonner CA, Fischer RS, Ahmad S, Jensen RA 1990 Remnants of an ancient pathway to L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine in enteric bacteria: evolutionary implications and biotechnological impact. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 3741-3747.

Bonner CA, Jensen RA 1994 Cloning of cDNA encoding the bifunctional dehydroquinase.shikimate dehydrogenase of aromatic-amino-acid biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. Biochem. J. 302: 11-14.

Bono H, Ogata H, Goto S, Kanehisa M 1998 Reconstruction of amino acid biosynthesis pathways from the complete genome sequence. Genome Res. 8: 203-210.

Bonomo J, Warnecke T, Hume P, Marizcurrena A, Gill RT 2006 A comparative study of metabolic engineering anti-metabolite tolerance in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 8: 227-239.

Boos W, Ehmann U, Forkl H, Klein W, Rimmele M, Postma P 1990 Trehalose transport and metabolism in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172: 3450-3461.

Bordo D, van Monfort RL, Pijning T, Kalk KH, Reizer J, Saier MH Jr, Dijkstra BW 1998 The three-dimensional structure of the nitrogen regulatory protein IIANtr from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 279: 245-255.

Bork P, Dandekar T, Diaz-Lazcoz Y, Eisenhaber F, Huynen M, Yuan YP 1998 Predicting function: from genes to genomes and back. J. Mol. Biol. 283: 707-725.

Bormann ER, Eikmanns BJ, Sahm H 1992 Molecular analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 317-326.

Born TL, Zheng R, Blanchard JS 1998 Hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid by the Haemophilus influenzae dapE-encoded desuccinylase: metal activation, solvent isotope effects, and kinetic mechanism. Biochemistry 37: 10478-10487.

Bornemann S, Lowe DJ, Thorneley RN 1996 The transient kinetics of Escherichia coli chorismate synthase: substrate consumption, product formation, phosphate dissociation, and characterization of a flavin intermediate. Biochemistry 35: 9907-9916.

Bornemann S, Ramjee MK, Balasubramanian S, Abell C, Coggins JR, Lowe DJ, Thorneley RN 1995 Escherichia coli chorismate synthase catalyzes the conversion of (6S)-6-fluoro-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate to 6-fluorochorismate. Implications for the enzyme mechanism and the antimicrobial action of (6S)-6-fluoroshikimate. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 22811-22815.

Borst DW, Blumenthal RM, Matthews RG 1996 Use of an in vivo titration method to study a global regulator: effect of varying Lrp levels on expression of gltBDF in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 6904-6912.

Bortolotti C, Cordeiro A, Alcazar R, Borrell A, Culianez-Macia FA, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T 2004 Localization of arginine decarboxylase in tobacco plants. Physiol. Plant. 120: 84-92.

Boscari A, Mandon K, Dupont L, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D 2002 BetS is a major glycine betaine/proline betaine transporter required for early osmotic adjustment in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2654-2663.

Bose N, Greenspan P, Momany C 2002 Expression of recombinant human betaine: homocysteine S-methyltransferase for X-ray crystallographic studies and further characterization of interaction with S-adenosylmethionine. Protein Expr. Purif. 25: 73-80.

Bossa F, Maras B, De Biase D, John RA, Barra D 1993 Sequence studies on pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 18: 143-148.

Bothast RJ, Nichols NN, Dien BS 1999 Fermentations with new recombinant organisms. Biotechnol. Prog. 15: 867-875.

Bottomley JR, Clayton CL, Chalk PA, Kleanthous C 1996 Cloning, sequencing, expression, purification and preliminary characterization of a type II dehydroquinase from Helicobacter pylori. Biochem. J. 319: 559-565.

Botzenhardt J, Morbach S, Kramer R 2004 Activity regulation of the betaine transporter BetP of Corynebacterium glutamicum in response to osmotic compensation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1667: 229-240.

Bourgault R, Bewley JD 2002 Variation in its C-terminal amino acids determines whether endo-beta-mannanase is active or inactive in ripening tomato fruits of different cultivars. Plant Physiol. 130: 1254-1262.

Bourgis F, Kader JC, Barret P, Renard M, Robinson D, Robinson C, Delseny M, Roscoe TJ 1999 A plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from oilseed rape. Plant Physiol. 120: 913-922.

Bourot S, Sire O, Trautwetter A, Touze T, Wu LF, Blanco C, Bernard T 2000 Glycine betaine-assisted protein folding in a lysA mutant of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 1050-1056.

Bouvier J, Bordes P, Romeo Y, Fourcans A, Bouvier I, Gutierrez C 2000 Characterization of OpuA, a glycine-betaine uptake system of Lactococcus lactis. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2: 199-205.

Bouvier J, Richaud C, Higgins W, Bogler O, Stragier P 1992 Cloning, characterization, and expression of the dapE gene of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 174: 5265-5271.

Bouwmeester HJ, Kodde J, Verstappen FW, Altug IG, De Kraker JW, Wallaart TE 2002 Isolation and characterization of two germacrene a synthase cDNA clones from chicory. Plant Physiol. 129: 134-144.

Bowen TL, Union J, Tumbula DL, Whitman WB 1997 Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase from the archaeon Methanococcus aeolicus. Gene 188: 77-84.

Boxer DH 1989 Involvement of the chlorate resistance loci and the molybdenum cofactor in the biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase. In "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation" (JL Wray, JR Kinghorn eds) Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, pp. 27-39.

Boy E, Borne F, Patte JC 1979 Isolation and identification of mutants constitutive for aspartokinase III synthesis in Escherichia coli K 12. Biochimie 61: 1151-1160.

Boyaval P, Deborde C, Corre C, Blanco C, Begue E 1999 Stress and osmoprotection in propionibacteria. Lait 79: 59-69.

Boyd LA, Adam L, Pelcher LE, McHughen A, Hirji R, Selvaraj G 1991 Characterization of an Escherichia coli gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH): structural similarity to mammalian ALDHs and a plant BADH. Gene 103: 45-52.

Boyen A, Charlier D, Charlier J, Sakanyan V, Mett I, Glansdorff N 1992 Acetylornithine deacetylase, succinyldiaminopimelate desuccinylase and carboxypeptidase G2 are evolutionarily related. Gene 116: 1-6.

Boyle SM, MacIntyre MF, Sells BH 1977 Polyamine levels in Escherichia coli during nutritional shiftup and exponential growth. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 477: 221-227.

Brabban AD, Edwards C 1995 The effects of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products on microbial growth. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 79: 171-177.

Brandl MT, Lindow SE 1996 Cloning and characterization of a locus encoding an indolepyruvate decarboxylase involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in Erwinia herbicola. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 4121-4128.

Braun M, Henstrand JM, Gorlach J, Amrhein N, Schmid J 1996 Enzymatic properties of chorismate synthase isozymes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Planta 200: 64-70.

Braun V, Braun M 2002 Iron transport and signaling in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 529: 78-85.

Brautaset T, Petersen S, Valla S 1998 An experimental study on carbon flow in Escherichia coli as a function of kinetic properties and expression levels of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 299-302.

Brautaset T, Petersen SB, Valla S 2000 In vitro determined kinetic properties of mutant phosphoglucomutases and their effects on sugar catabolism in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 2: 104-114.

Bravo JM, Campo S, Murillo I, Coca M, San Segundo B 2003 Fungus- and wound-induced accumulation of mRNA containing a class II chitinase of the pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR-4) family of maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 745-759.

Bray D, Bourret RB, Simon MI 1993 Computer simulation of the phosphorylation cascade controlling bacterial chemotaxis. Mol. Biol. Cell 4: 469-482.

Brechtel CE, Hu L, King SC 1996 Substrate specificity of the Escherichia coli 4-aminobutyrate carrier encoded by gabP. Uptake and counterflow of structurally diverse molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 783-788.

Brechtel CE, King SC 1998 4-Aminobutyrate (GABA) transporters from the amine-polyamine-choline superfamily: substrate specificity and ligand recognition profile of the 4-aminobutyrate permease from Bacillus subtilis. Biochem. J. 333: 565-571.

Breitenbach J, Fernandez-Gonzalez B, Vioque A, Sandmann G 1998 A higher-plant type zeta-carotene desaturase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 725-732.

Breitinger U, Clausen T, Ehlert S, Huber R, Laber B, Schmidt F, Pohl E, Messerschmidt A 2001 The three-dimensional structure of cystathionine beta-lyase from Arabidopsis and its substrate specificity. Plant Physiol. 126: 631-642.

Breksa AP 3rd, Garrow TA 2002 Random mutagenesis of the zinc-binding motif of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase reveals that Gly 214 is essential. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 399: 73-80.

Brill EM, Abrahams S, Hayes CM, Jenkins CL, Watson JM 1999 Molecular characterisation and expression of a wound-inducible cDNA encoding a novel cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 279-291.

Brinch-Pedersen H, Galili G, Knudsen S, Holm PB 1996 Engineering of the aspartate family biosynthetic pathway in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by transformation with heterologous genes encoding feed-back-insensitive aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 32: 611-620.

Brinch-Pedersen H, Olsen O, Knudsen S, Holm PB 1999 An evaluation of feed-back insensitive aspartate kinase as a selectable marker for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation. Hereditas 131: 239-245.

Brock A, Brandt W, Drager B 2008 The functional divergence of short-chain dehydrogenases involved in tropinone reduction. Plant J. 54: 388-401.

Brock M, Maerker C, Schutz A, Volker U, Buckel W 2002 Oxidation of propionate to pyruvate in Escherichia coli. Involvement of methylcitrate dehydratase and aconitase. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 6184-6194.

Brodelius M, Lundgren A, Mercke P, Brodelius PE 2002 Fusion of farnesyldiphosphate synthase and epi-aristolochene synthase, a sesquiterpene cyclase involved in capsidiol biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3570-3577.

Brody SS, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1999 Predicted structure and fold recognition for the glutamyl tRNA reductase family of proteins. Proteins 37: 485-493.

Brondijk THC, Fiegen D, Richardson DJ, Cole JA 2002 Roles of NapF, NapG and NapH, subunits of the Escherichia coli periplasmic nitrate reductase, in ubiquinol oxidation. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 245-255.

Brondijk THC, Nilavongse A, Filenko N, Richardson DJ, Cole JA 2004 NapGH components of the periplasmic nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli K- 12: location, topology and physiological roles in quinol oxidation and redox balancing. Biochem. J. 379: 47-55.

Bronsoms S, Villanueva J, Canals F, Querol E, Aviles FX 2003 Analysis of the effect of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor pro-sequence on the folding of the mature protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3641-3650.

Brown AP, Affleck V, Fawcett T, Slabas AR 2006 Tandem affinity purification tagging of fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1563-1571.

Brown ED, Wood JM 1992 Redesigned purification yields a fully functional PutA protein dimer from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 13086-13092.

Brown MP, Grillo AO, Boyer M, Royer CA 1999 Probing the role of water in the tryptophan repressor-operator complex. Protein Sci. 8: 1276-1285.

Brown OR, Smyk-Randall E, Draczynska-Lusiak B, Fee JA 1995 Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, a [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing enzyme in Escherichia coli: effects of intracellular superoxide dismutase on its inactivation by oxidant stress. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 319: 10-22.

Brown TD, Jones-Mortimer MC, Kornberg HL 1977 The enzymic interconversion of acetate and acetyl-coenzyme A in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 102: 327-336.

Browning ST, Shuler ML 2001 Towards the development of a minimal cell model by generalization of a model of Escherichia coli: Use of dimensionless rate parameters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 76: 187-92.

Bruggeman C, Denger K, Cook AM, Ruff J 2004 Enzymes and genes of taurine and isethionate dissimilation in Paracoccus denitrificans. Microbiology (U.K.) 150: 805-816.

Bruggeman FJ, Boogerd FC, Westerhoff HV 2005 The multifarious short-term regulation of ammonium assimilation of Escherichia coli: dissection using an in silico replica. FEBS J. 272: 1965-1985.

Bruggeman FJ, van Heeswijk WC, Boogerd FC, Westerhoff HV 2000 Macromolecular intelligence in microorganisms. Biol. Chem. 381: 965-972.

Bruggeman FJ, Westerhoff HV, Hoek JB, Kholodenko BN 2002 Modular response analysis of cellular regulatory networks. J. Theor. Biol. 218: 507-520.

Brugiere N, Jiao S, Hantke S, Zinselmeier C, Roessler JA, Niu X, Jones RJ, Habben JE 2003 Cytokinin oxidase gene expression in maize is localized to the vasculature, and is induced by cytokinins, abscisic acid, and abiotic stress. Plant Physiol. 132: 1228-1240.

Bruhl A, Haverkamp T, Gisselmann G, Schwenn JD 1996 A cDNA clone from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding plastidic ferredoxin:sulfite reductase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1295: 119-124.

Brunker P, Altenbuchner J, Mattes R 1998 Structure and function of the genes involved in mannitol, arabitol and glucitol utilization from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM50106. Gene 206: 117-126.

Brunker P, Hils M, Altenbuchner J, Mattes R 1998 The mannitol utilization genes of Pseudomonas fluorescens are regulated by an activator: cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the mtlR gene. Gene 215: 19-27.

Brzezinski K, Bujacz G, Jaskolski M 2008 Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of plant S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Lupinus luteus). Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F. Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 64: 671-673.

Buc J, Santini CL, Blasco F, Giordani R, Cardenas ML, Chippaux M, Cornish-Bowden A, Giordano G 1995 Kinetic studies of a soluble alpha beta complex of nitrate reductase A from Escherichia coli. Use of various alpha beta mutants with altered beta subunits. Eur. J. Biochem. 234: 766-772.

Buchenau B, Thauer RK 2004 Tetrahydrofolate-specific enzymes in Methanosarcina barkeri and growth dependence of this methanogenic archaeon on folic acid or p-aminobenzoic acid. Arch. Microbiol. 182: 313-325.

Buckland BC, Drew SW, Connors NC, Chartrain MM, Lee C, Salmon PM, Gbewonyo K, Zhou W, Gailliot P, Singhvi R, Olewinski RC Jr, Sun WJ, Reddy J, Zhang J, Jackey BA, Taylor C, Goklen KE, Junker B, Greasham RL 1999 Microbial conversion of indene to indandiol: a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRIXIVAN. Metab. Eng. 1: 63-74.

Bueno R, Pahel G, Magasanik B 1985 Role of glnB and glnD gene products in regulation of the glnALG operon of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 164: 816-822.

Bueso J, Cervera J, Fresquet V, Marina A, Lusty CJ, Rubio V 1999 Photoaffinity labeling with the activator IMP and site-directed mutagenesis of histidine 995 of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli demonstrate that the binding site for IMP overlaps with that for the inhibitor UMP. Biochemistry 38: 3910-3917.

Bulow L, Mosbach K 1991 The oligopeptide (Gly-Pro)2-Ala-(Gly-Pro)2 increases the internal proline level and improves NaCl tolerance when produced in Escherichia coli. Gene 109: 125-129.

Burgard AP, Maranas CD 2003 Optimization-based framework for inferring and testing hypothesized metabolic objective functions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 82: 670-677.

Burgard AP, Maranas CD 2001 Probing the performance limits of the Escherichia coli metabolic network subject to gene additions or deletions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 74: 364-375.

Burger BT, Cross JM, Shaw JR, Caren JR, Greene TW, Okita TW, Hannah LC 2003 Relative turnover numbers of maize endosperm and potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases in the absence and presence of 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Planta 217: 449-456.

Burkhead JL, Abdel-Ghany SE, Morrill JM, Pilon-Smits EA, Pilon M 2003 The Arabidopsis thaliana CUTA gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved copper binding chloroplast protein. Plant J. 34: 856-867.

Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR 1995 Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 2105-2119.

Burlat B, Gwyer JD, Poock S, Clarke T, Cole JA, Hemmings AM, Cheesman MR, Butt JN, Richardson DJ 2005 Cytochrome c nitrite reductase: from structural to physicochemical analysis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33: 137-140.

Burman JD, Harris RL, Hauton KA, Lawson DM, Sawers RG 2004 The iron-sulfur cluster in the L-serine dehydratase TdcG from Escherichia coli is required for enzyme activity. FEBS Lett. 576: 442-444.

Burnet M, Lafontaine PJ, Hanson AD 1995 Assay, purification, and partial characterization of choline monooxygenase from spinach. Plant Physiol. 108: 581-588.

Busam G, Junghanns KT, Kneusel RE, Kassemeyer HH, Matern U 1997 Characterization and expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase proposed for the induced resistance response of Vitis vinifera L. Plant Physiol. 115: 1039-1048.

Busch KB, Fromm H 1999 Plant succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Cloning, purification, localization in mitochondria, and regulation by adenine nucleotides. Plant Physiol. 121: 589-598.

Busquets A, Keim V, Closa M, Del Arco A, Boronat A, Arro M, Ferrer A 2008 Arabidopsis thaliana contains a single gene encoding squalene synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 67: 25-36.

Byng GS, Berry A, Jensen RA 1985 Evolutionary implications of features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the genus Acinetobacter. Arch. Microbiol. 143: 122-129.

Byrne KM, Smith SK, Ondeyka JG 2002 Biosynthesis of nodulisporic acid A: Precursor studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124: 7055-7060.

Byrnes WM, Vilker VL 2004 Extrinsic factors potassium chloride and glycerol induce thermostability in recombinant anthranilate synthase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Extremophiles 8: 455-462.

Caban CE, Ginsburg A 1976 Glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli: purification and physical and chemical properties. Biochemistry 15: 1569-1580.

Cabrera Artiles Y, Martinez Garcia D, Perez Cruz ER, Marquez Perera GJ, Feble ML 2002 Osmoregulated TAQ polymerase gene expression in Escherichia coli. Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol. 44: 14-18.

Cahoon EB, Shah S, Shanklin J, Browse J 1998 A determinant of substrate specificity predicted from the acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase of developing cat's claw seed. Plant Physiol. 117: 593-598.

Cai H, Clarke S 1999 A novel methyltransferase catalyzes the methyl esterification of trans-aconitate in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 13470-13479.

Cai XY, Maxon ME, Redfield B, Glass R, Brot N, Weissbach H 1989 Methionine synthesis in Escherichia coli: effect of the MetR protein on metE and metH expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 4407-4411.

Cain CC, Saslowsky DE, Walker RA, Shirley BW 1997 Expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase proteins in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 377-381.

Caldara M, Dupont G, Leroy F, Goldbeter A, De Vuyst L, Cunin R 2008 Arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: experimental perturbation and mathematical modeling. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 6347-6358.

Caldas T, Demont-Caulet N, Ghazi A, Richarme G 1999 Thermoprotection by glycine betaine and choline. Microbiology 145: 2543-2548.

Calder RB, Williams RS, Ramaswamy G, Rock CO, Campbell E, Unkles SE, Kinghorn JR, Jackowski S 1999 Cloning and characterization of a eukaryotic pantothenate kinase gene (panK) from Aspergillus nidulans. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 2014-2020.

Caldwell CR, Turano FJ, McMahon MB 1998 Identification of two cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase cDNAs from soybean leaves and characterization of their products by functional expression in E. coli. Planta 204: 120-126.

Calvo AP, Nicolas C, Nicolas G, Rodriguez D 2004 Evidence of a cross-talk regulation of a GA 20-oxidase (FsGA20ox1) by gibberellins and ethylene during the breaking of dormancy in Fagus sylvatica seeds. Physiol. Plant. 120: 623-630.

Camarena L, Poggio S, Campos A, Bastarrachea F, Osorio A 1998 An IS4 insertion at the glnA control region of Escherichia coli creates a new promoter by providing the -35 region of its 3'-end. Plasmid 39: 41-47.

Camarena L, Poggio S, Garcia N, Osorio A 1998 Transcriptional repression of gdhA in Escherichia coli is mediated by the Nac protein. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167: 51-56.

Camargo A, Llamas A, Schnell RA, Higuera JJ, Gonzalez-Ballester D, Lefebvre PA, Fernandez E, Galvan A 2007 Nitrate signaling by the regulatory gene NIT2 in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell 19: 3491-3503.

Cameron DC, Chaplen FW 1997 Developments in metabolic engineering. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 8: 175-80.

Cami B, Clepet C, Patte JC 1993 Evolutionary comparisons of three enzymes of the threonine biosynthetic pathway among several microbial species. Biochimie 75: 487-495.

Cammack R, Jackson RH, Cornish-Bowden A, Cole JA 1982 Electron-spin-resonance studies of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. Biochem. J. 207: 333-339.

Campbell EI, Unkles SE, Macro JA, van den Hondel C, Contreras R, Kinghorn JR 1989 Improved transformation efficiency of Aspergillus niger using the homologous niaD gene for nitrate reductase. Curr. Genet. 16: 53-56.

Campos N, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Sauret-Gueto S, Gallego F, Lois LM, Boronat A 2001 Escherichia coli engineered to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate from mevalonate: a novel system for the genetic analysis of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 353: 59-67.

Campos R, Nonogaki H, Suslow T, Saltveit ME 2004 Isolation and characterization of a wound inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (LsPAL1) from Romaine lettuce leaves. Physiol. Plant. 121: 429-438.

Canas RA, Villalobos DP, Diaz-Moreno SM, Canovas FM, Canton FR 2008 Molecular and functional analyses support a role of ornithine-delta-aminotransferase in the provision of glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis during pine germination. Plant Physiol. Jul 11 [Epub ahead of print].

Caniuguir A, Cabrera R, Baez M, Vasquez CC, Babul J, Guixe V 2005 Role of Cys-295 on subunit interactions and allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase-2 from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 579: 2313-2318.

Cannons AC, Barber MJ, Solomonson LP 1993 Expression and characterization of the heme-binding domain of Chlorella nitrate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 3268-3271.

Canonaco F, Hess TA, Heri S, Wang T, Szyperski T, Sauer U 2001 Metabolic flux response to phosphoglucose isomerase knock-out in Escherichia coli and impact of overexpression of the soluble transhydrogenase UdhA. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 204: 247-252.

Canovas D, Vargas C, Kneip S, Moron MJ, Ventosa A, Bremer E, Nieto JJ 2000 Genes for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 3043, USA. Microbiology 146: 455-463.

Canovas M, Bernal V, Sevilla A, Iborra JL 2007 Salt stress effects on the central and carnitine metabolisms of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 96: 722-737.

Canovas M, Bernal V, Torroglosa T, Ramirez JL, Iborra JL 2003 Link between primary and secondary metabolism in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium compounds by Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 84: 686-699.

Canovas M, Maiquez JR, Obon JM, Iborra JL 2002 Modeling of the biotransformation of crotonobetaine into L-(-)-carnitine by Escherichia coli strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 77: 764-775.

Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierrez A, Crespillo R, Canovas FM 1996 High-level expression of Pinus sylvestris glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant protein and expression studies in pine seedlings. FEBS Lett. 393: 205-210.

Cao H, Imparl-Radosevich J, Guan H, Keeling PL, James MG, Myers AM 1999 Identification of the soluble starch synthase activities of maize endosperm. Plant Physiol. 120: 205-216.

Cardy DL, Murrell JC 1990 Cloning, sequencing and expression of the glutamine synthetase structural gene (glnA) from the obligate methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). J. Gen. Microbiol. 136: 343-352.

Carlier A, Uroz S, Smadja B, Fray R, Latour X, Dessaux Y, Faure D 2003 The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbors an attM-paralogous gene, aiiB, also encoding N-acyl homoserine lactonase activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4989-4993.

Carlson R, Srienc F 2004 Fundamental Escherichia coli biochemical pathways for biomass and energy production: creation of overall flux states. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 86: 149-162.

Carlson RP 2007 Metabolic systems cost-benefit analysis for interpreting network structure and regulation. Bioinformatics 23: 1258-1264.

Carreras CW, Khosla C 1998 Purification and in vitro reconstitution of the essential protein components of an aromatic polyketide synthase. Biochemistry 37: 2084-2088.

Carretero-Paulet L, Ahumada I, Cunillera N, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Ferrer A, Boronat A, Campos N 2002 Expression and molecular analysis of the Arabidopsis DXR gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, the first committed enzyme of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Plant Physiol. 129: 1581-1591.

Carvalho H, Sunkel C, Salema R, Cullimore JV 1997 Heteromeric assembly of the cytosolic glutamine synthetase polypeptides of Medicago truncatula: complementation of a glnA Escherichia coli mutant with a plant domain-swapped enzyme. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 623-632.

Casazza AP, Basner A, Hofgen R, Hesse H 2000 Expression of threonine synthase from Solanum tuberosum L. is not metabolically regulated by photosynthesis-related signals or by nitrogenous compounds. Plant Sci. 157: 43-50.

Cassan M, Boy E, Borne F, Patte JC 1975 Regulation of the lysine biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli K-12: isolation of a cis-dominant constitutive mutant for AK III synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 123: 391-399.

Cassan M, Parsot C, Cohen GN, Patte JC 1986 Nucleotide sequence of lysC gene encoding the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase III of Escherichia coli K12. Evolutionary pathway leading to three isofunctional enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 1052-1057.

Cassan M, Ronceray J, Patte JC 1983 Nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the E. coli lysC gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 6157-6166.

Castanie-Cornet MP, Penfound TA, Smith D, Elliott JF, Foster JW 1999 Control of acid resistance in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3525-3535.

Castillo RM, Mizuguchi K, Dhanaraj V, Albert A, Blundell TL, Murzin AG 1999 A six-stranded double-psi beta barrel is shared by several protein superfamilies. Structure Fold. Des. 7: 227-236.

Castle LA, Siehl DL, Gorton R, Patten PA, Chen YH, Bertain S, Cho HJ, Duck N, Wong J, Liu D, Lassner MW 2004 Discovery and directed evolution of a glyphosate tolerance gene. Science 304: 1151-1154.

Cataldi AA, Algranati ID 1986 A probable new pathway for the biosynthesis of putrescine in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 234: 617-622.

Cataldi AA, Algranati ID 1989 Polyamines and regulation of ornithine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171: 1998-2002.

Cavener DR 1992 GMC oxidoreductases. A newly defined family of homologous proteins with diverse catalytic activities. J. Mol. Biol. 223: 811-814.

Cavicchioli R, Chiang RC, Kalman LV, Gunsalus RP 1996 Role of the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli NarX sensor-transmitter protein in nitrate-dependent signal transduction and gene regulation. Mol. Microbiol. 21: 901-911.

Cavicchioli R, Kolesnikow T, Chiang RC, Gunsalus RP 1996 Characterization of the aegA locus of Escherichia coli: control of gene expression in response to anaerobiosis and nitrate. J. Bacteriol. 178: 6968-6974.

Cavin JF, Dartois V, Labarre C, Divies C 1999 Cloning of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis genes and assays of alpha-acetolactate synthase activities in Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. Res. Microbiol. 150: 189-198.

Cayley S, Lewis BA, Guttman HJ, Record MT Jr 1991 Characterization of the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli K-12 as a function of external osmolarity. Implications for protein-DNA interactions in vivo. J. Mol. Biol. 222: 281-300.

Cayley S, Lewis BA, Record MT Jr 1992 Origins of the osmoprotective properties of betaine and proline in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 174: 1586-1595.

Cayley S, Record MT 2003 Roles of cytoplasmic osmolytes, water, and crowding in the response of Escherichia coli to osmotic stress: biophysical basis of osmoprotection by glycine betaine. Biochemistry 42: 12596-12609.

Cayley S, Record MT Jr 2004 Large changes in cytoplasmic biopolymer concentration with osmolality indicate that macromolecular crowding may regulate protein-DNA interactions and growth rate in osmotically stressed Escherichia coli K-12. J. Mol. Recognit. 17: 488-496.

Cayley S, Record MT Jr, Lewis BA 1989 Accumulation of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate by osmotically stressed Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 171: 3597-3602.

Cervantes-Cervantes M, Gallagher CE, Zhu C, Wurtzel ET 2006 Maize cDNAs expressed in endosperm encode functional farnesyl diphosphate synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase activity. Plant Physiol. 141: 220-231.

Cha HJ, Wu CF, Valdes JJ, Rao G, Bentley WE 2000 Observations of green fluorescent protein as a fusion partner in genetically engineered Escherichia coli: monitoring protein expression and solubility. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67: 565-574.

Cha MK, Kim HK, Kim IH 1995 Thioredoxin-linked "thiol peroxidase" from periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28635-28641.

Chae MJ, Lee JS, Nam MH, Cho K, Hong JY, Yi SA, Suh SC, Yoon IS 2007 A rice dehydration-inducible SNF1-related protein kinase 2 phosphorylates an abscisic acid responsive element-binding factor and associates with ABA signaling. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 151-169.

Chambers S, Kunin CM 1985 The osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars, and urea. J. Infect. Dis. 152: 1308-1316.

Chambers ST, Kunin CM 1987 Osmoprotective activity for Escherichia coli in mammalian renal inner medulla and urine. Correlation of glycine and proline betaines and sorbitol with response to osmotic loads. J. Clin. Invest. 80: 1255-1260.

Chambers ST, Kunin CM, Miller D, Hamada A 1987 Dimethylthetin can substitute for glycine betaine as an osmoprotectant molecule for Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 169: 4845-4847.

Chan CS, Howell JM, Workentine ML, Turner RJ 2006 Twin-arginine translocase may have a role in the chaperone function of NarJ from Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 343: 244-151.

Chan MK, Gong W, Rajagopalan PT, Hao B, Tsai CM, Pei D 1997 Crystal structure of the Escherichia coli peptide deformylase. Biochemistry 36: 13904-13909.

Chan VL, Bingham HL 1991 Complete sequence of the Campylobacter jejuni glyA gene encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Gene 101: 51-58.

Chandran SS, Yi J, Draths KM, Von Daeniken R, Weber W, Frost JW 2003 Phosphoenolpyruvate availability and the biosynthesis of shikimic acid. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 808-814.

Chang AK, Duggleby RG 1997 Expression, purification and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase. Biochem. J. 327: 161-169.

Chang AK, Duggleby RG 1998 Herbicide-resistant forms of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase: characterization of the catalytic properties and sensitivity to inhibitors of four defined mutants. Biochem. J. 333: 765-777.

Chang DE, Jung HC, Rhee JS, Pan JG 1999 Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1384-1389.

Chang DE, Shin S, Rhee JS, Pan JG 1999 Acetate metabolism in a pta mutant of Escherichia coli W3110: importance of maintaining acetyl coenzyme A flux for growth and survival. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6656-6663.

Chang HC, Bush DR 1997 Topology of NAT2, a prototypical example of a new family of amino acid transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 30552-30557 28.

Chang SI, Kang MK, Choi JD, Namgoong SK 1997 Soluble overexpression in Escherichia coli, and purification and characterization of wild-type recombinant tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234: 549-553.

Chang YC, Lee TM 1999 High temperature-induced free proline accumulation in Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta). Bot. Bul. Acad. Sin. 40: 289-294.

Chang YY, Wang AY, Cronan JE Jr 1993 Molecular cloning, DNA sequencing, and biochemical analyses of Escherichia coli glyoxylate carboligase. An enzyme of the acetohydroxy acid synthase-pyruvate oxidase family. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 3911-3919.

Chao G, Shen J, Tseng CP, Park SJ, Gunsalus RP 1997 Aerobic regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icd) expression in Escherichia coli by the arcA and fnr gene products. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4299-4304.

Chao KL, Lim K, Lehmann C, Doseeva V, Howard AJ, Schwarz FP, Herzberg O 2008 The Escherichia coli YdcF binds S-adenosyl-L-methionine and adopts an alpha/beta-fold characteristic of nucleotide-utilizing enzymes. Proteins 72: 506-509.

Charlebois RL, Singh RK, Chan-Weiher CCY, Allard G, Chow C, Confalonieri F, Curtis B, Duguet M, Erauso G, Faguy D, Gaasterland T et al 2000 Gene content and organization of a 281-kbp contig from the genome of the extremely thermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. Genome 43: 116-136.

Chary P, Dillon D, Schroeder AL, Natvig DO 1994 Superoxide dismutase (sod-1) null mutants of Neurospora crassa: oxidative stress sensitivity, spontaneous mutation rate and response to mutagens. Genetics 137: 723-730.

Chassagnole C, Fell DA, Rais B, Kudla B, Mazat JP 2001 Control of the threonine-synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli: a theoretical and experimental approach. Biochem. J. 356: 433-444.

Chassagnole C, Noisommit-Rizzi N, Schmid JW, Mauch K, Reuss M 2002 Dynamic modeling of the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 79: 53-73.

Chassagnole C, Rais B, Quentin E, Fell DA, Mazat JP 2001 An integrated study of threonine-pathway enzyme kinetics in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 356: 415-423.

Chassin Y, Kapri-Pardes E, Sinvany G, Arad T, Adam Z 2002 Expression and characterization of the thylakoid lumen protease DegP1 from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 130: 857-864.

Chatterjee A, Majee M, Ghosh S, Majumder AL 2004 sll1722, an unassigned open reading frame of Synechocystis PCC 6803, codes for L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase. Planta 218: 989-998.

Chave KJ, Auger IE, Galivan J, Ryan J 2000 Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis define the catalytic motif in human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 40365-40370.

Chavez S, Reyes JC, Chauvat F, Florencio FJ, Candau P 1995 The NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803: cloning, transcriptional analysis and disruption of the gdhA gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 28: 173-188.

Chavez-Bejar MI, Lara AR, Lopez H, Hernandez-Chavez G, Martinez A, Ramirez OT, Bolívar F, Gosset G 2008 Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for L-tyrosine production by expression of genes coding for the chorismate mutase domain of the native chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase and a cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3284-3290.

Che FS, Watanabe N, Iwano M, Inokuchi H, Takayama S, Yoshida S, Isogai A 2000 Molecular characterization and subcellular localization of protoporphyrinogen oxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 124: 59-70.

Cheah E, Carr PD, Suffolk PM, Vasudevan SG, Dixon NE, Ollis DL 1994 Structure of the Escherichia coli signal transducing protein PII. Structure 2: 981-990.

Chehab EW, Patharkar OR, Hegeman AD, Taybi T, Cushman JC 2004 Autophosphorylation and subcellular localization dynamics of a salt- and water deficit-induced calcium-dependent protein kinase from ice plant. Plant Physiol. 135: 1430-1446.

Chen C, Beattie GA 2007 Characterization of the osmoprotectant transporter OpuC from Pseudomonas syringae and demonstration that CBS domains are required for its osmoregulatory function. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6901-6912.

Chen C, Newman EB 1998 Comparison of the sensitivities of two Escherichia coli genes to in vivo variation of Lrp concentration. J. Bacteriol. 180: 655-659.

Chen CC, Liao CC, Hsu WH 1993 The cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Corynebacterium glutamicum 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase gene. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 107: 223-229.

Chen F, Ro DK, Petri J, Gershenzon J, Bohlmann J, Pichersky E, Tholl D 2004 Characterization of a root-specific Arabidopsis terpene synthase responsible for the formation of the volatile monoterpene 1,8-cineole. Plant Physiol. 135: 1956-1966.

Chen HM, Ho CW, Liu JW, Lin KY, Wang YT, Lu CH, Liu HL 2003 Production, IMAC purification, and molecular modeling of N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase C-terminally fused with a six-His peptide. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 864-873.

Chen JP, Dabrowski MJ, Atkins WM 1997 Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular protein aggregates: self-assembled, molecularly-ordered, tubes from electrostatic complementation of glutamine synthetase dodecamers. Protein Eng. 10: 1289-1294.

Chen NY, Hu FM, Paulus H 1987 Nucleotide sequence of the overlapping genes for the subunits of Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II and their control regions. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 8787-8798.

Chen NY, Jiang SQ, Klein DA, Paulus H 1993 Organization and nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis diaminopimelate operon, a cluster of genes encoding the first three enzymes of diaminopimelate synthesis and dipicolinate synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 9448-9465.

Chen NY, Paulus H 1988 Mechanism of expression of the overlapping genes of Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 9526-9532.

Chen R, Hatzimanikatis V, Yap WM, Postma PW, Bailey JE 1997 Metabolic consequences of phosphotransferase (PTS) mutation in a phenylalanine-producing recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Prog. 13: 768-775.

Chen R, Yap WM, Postma PW, Bailey JE 1997 Comparative studies of Escherichia coli strains using different glucose uptake systems: metabolism and energetics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 56: 583-590.

Chen S, Glawischnig E, Jorgensen K, Naur P, Jorgensen B, Olsen CE, Hansen CH, Rasmussen H, Pickett JA, Halkier BA 2003 CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 have distinct functions in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 33: 923-937.

Chen S, Vincent S, Wilson DB, Ganem B 2003 Mapping of chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydrogenase domains in the Escherichia coli T-protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 757-763.

Chen TH, Murata N 2002 Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5: 250-257.

Chen W, Wright L, Li S, Cosloy SD, Russell CS 1996 Expression of glutamyl-tRNA reductase in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1309: 109-121.

Chen YC, Chang HS, Lai HM, Jeng ST 2005 Characterization of the wound-inducible protein ipomoelin from sweet potato. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 251-259.

Chen YQ, Gulotta M, Cheung HT, Callender R 1999 Light activates reduction of methotrexate by NADPH in the ternary complex with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. Photochem. Photobiol. 69: 77-85.

Chen Z, Crippen K, Gulati S, Banerjee R 1994 Purification and kinetic mechanism of a mammalian methionine synthase from pig liver. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 27193-27197.

Chen ZY, Lavigne LL, Mason CB, Moroney JV 1997 Cloning and overexpression of two cDNAs encoding the low-CO2-inducible chloroplast envelope protein LIP-36 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 114: 265-273.

Cheng Q, Liu HT, Bombelli P, Smith A, Slabas AR 2004 Functional identification of AtFao3, a membrane bound long chain alcohol oxidase in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 574: 62-68.

Cherest H, Surdin-Kerjan Y 1992 Genetic analysis of a new mutation conferring cysteine auxotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: updating of the sulfur metabolism pathway. Genetics 130: 51-58.

Cherry JL 2003 Genome size and operon content. J. Theor. Biol. 221: 401-410.

Chiang RC, Cavicchioli R, Gunsalus RP 1997 'Locked-on' and 'locked-off' signal transduction mutations in the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli NarQ and NarX sensors affect nitrate- and nitrite-dependent regulation by NarL and NarP. Mol. Microbiol. 24: 1049-1060.

Chiang RC, Cavicchioli R, Gunsalus RP 1992 Identification and characterization of narQ, a second nitrate sensor for nitrate-dependent gene regulation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 1913-1923.

Chilson OP, Kelly-Chilson AE, Siegel NR 1991 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in soybean nodules: isolation/partial primary structure/evidence for isozymes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 288: 350-357.

Chin JW, Khankal R, Monroe CA, Maranas CD, Cirino PC 2008 Analysis of NADPH supply during xylitol production by engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Jul 22 [Epub ahead of print].

Chinchilla D, Schwarz FP, Eisenstein E 1998 Amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal regulatory domain disrupt allosteric effector binding to biosynthetic threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 23219-23224.

Chipman D, Barak Z, Schloss JV 1998 Biosynthesis of 2-aceto-2-hydroxy acids: acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1385: 401-419.

Chiron H, Drouet A, Claudot AC, Eckerskorn C, Trost M, Heller W, Ernst D, Sandermann H Jr 2000 Molecular cloning and functional expression of a stress-induced multifunctional O-methyltransferase with pinosylvin methyltransferase activity from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 733-745.

Chirwa NT, Herrington MB 2004 Role of MetR and PurR in the activation of glyA by CsgD in Escherichia coli K-12. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 683-690.

Chittur SV, Chen Y, Davisson VJ 2000 Expression and purification of imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr. Purif. 18: 366-377.

Cho HS, Lee SS, Kim KD, Hwang I, Lim JS, Park YI, Pai HS 2004 DNA gyrase is involved in chloroplast nucleoid partitioning. Plant Cell 16: 2665-2682.

Cho JC, Tiedje JM 2002 Quantitative detection of microbial genes by using DNA microarrays. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 1425-1430.

Cho SW, Yoon HY, Ahn JY, Lee EY, Lee J 2001 Cassette mutagenesis of lysine 130 of human glutamate dehydrogenase. An essential residue in catalysis. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 3205-3213.

Chohnan S, Furukawa H, Fujio T, Nishihara H, Takamura Y 1997 Changes in the size and composition of intracellular pools of nonesterified coenzyme A and coenzyme A thioesters in aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 553-560.

Chohnan S, Izawa H, Nishihara H, Takamura Y 1998 Changes in size of intracellular pools of coenzyme A and its thioesters in Escherichia coli K-12 cells to various carbon sources and stresses. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62: 1122-1128.

Choi JK, Yu F, Wurtele ES, Nikolau BJ 1995 Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA coding for the biotin-containing subunit of the chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Plant Physiol. 109: 619-625.

Choi KJ, Noh KM, Kim DE, Ha BH, Kim EE, Yoon MY 2007 Identification of the catalytic subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase in Haemophilus influenzae and its potent inhibitors. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 466: 24-30.

Choi YO, Cheong NE, Lee KO, Jung BG, Hong CH, Jeong JH, Chi YH, Kim K, Cho MJ, Lee SY 1999 Cloning and expression of a new isotype of the peroxiredoxin gene of Chinese cabbage and its comparison to 2Cys-peroxiredoxin isolated from the same plant. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 258: 768-771.

Chong CK, Shin HJ, Chang SI, Choi JD 1999 Role of tryptophanyl residues in tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 259: 136-140.

Choquet G, Jehan N, Pissavin C, Blanco C, Jebbar M 2005 OusB, a broad-specificity ABC-type transporter from Erwinia chrysanthemi, mediates uptake of glycine betaine and choline with a high affinity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3389-3398.

Chow IT, Baneyx F 2005 Coordinated synthesis of the two ClpB isoforms improves the ability of Escherichia coli to survive thermal stress. FEBS Lett. 579: 4235-4241.

Chow IT, Barnett ME, Zolkiewski M, Baneyx F 2005 The N-terminal domain of Escherichia coli ClpB enhances chaperone function. FEBS Lett. 579: 4242-4248.

Christendat D, Turnbull JL 1999 Identifying groups involved in the binding of prephenate to prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 38: 4782-4793.

Christensen AB, Gregersen PL, Olsen CE, Collinge DB 1998 A flavonoid 7-O-methyltransferase is expressed in barley leaves in response to pathogen attack. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 219-227.

Christensen AB, Gregersen PL, Schroder J, Collinge DB 1998 A chalcone synthase with an unusual substrate preference is expressed in barley leaves in response to UV light and pathogen attack. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 849-857.

Christopherson RI 1997 Partial inactivation of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli in the presence of analogues of chorismate. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29: 589-594.

Christova PK, Christov NK, Imai R 2006 A cold inducible multidomain cystatin from winter wheat inhibits growth of the snow mold fungus, Microdochium nivale. Planta 223: 1207-1218.

Chronis D, Krishnan HB 2004 Sulfur assimilation in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.): molecular cloning and characterization of a cytosolic isoform of serine acetyltransferase. Planta 218: 417-426.

Chu J, Shoeman R, Hart J, Coleman T, Mazaitis A, Kelker N, Brot N, Weissbach H 1985 Cloning and expression of the metE gene in Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 239: 467-474.

Chung HK, Rhee SG 1984 Separation of glutamine synthetase species with different states of adenylylation by chromatography on monoclonal anti-AMP antibody affinity columns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 4677-4681.

Chung TW, Lee DI, Kim DS, Jin UH, Park C, Kim JG, Kim MG, Ha SD, Kim KS, Lee KH, Kim KY, Chung DH, Kim CH 2006 Molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of Salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (GOGAT) gene in Escherichia coli. J. Microbiol. 44: 301-310.

Chye ML 1998 Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a membrane-associated protein with an acyl-CoA binding domain. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 827-838.

Chye ML, Li HY, Yung MH 2000 Single amino acid substitutions at the acyl-CoA-binding domain interrupt 14[C]palmitoyl-CoA binding of ACBP2, an Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein with ankyrin repeats. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 711-721.

Cid E, Geremia RA, Guinovart JJ, Ferrer JC 2002 Glycogen synthase: towards a minimum catalytic unit? FEBS Lett. 528: 5-11.

Cinege G, Kereszt A, Kertesz S, Balogh G, Dusha I 2004 The roles of different regions of the CycH protein in c-type cytochrome biogenesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Mol. Genet. Genomics 271: 171-179.

Cirillo JD, Weisbrod TR, Pascopella L, Bloom BR, Jacobs WR Jr 1994 Isolation and characterization of the aspartokinase and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase operon from mycobacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 11: 629-639.

Clancy M, Madill KA, Wood JM 1981 Genetic and biochemical requirements for chemotaxis to L-proline in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 146: 902-906.

Clark MA, Baumann L, Baumann P 1998 Buchnera aphidicola (Aphid endosymbiont) contains genes encoding enzymes of histidine biosynthesis. Curr. Microbiol. 37: 356-358.

Clarke AK, MacDonald TM, Sjogren LLE 2005 The ATP-dependent Clp protease in chloroplasts of higher plants. Physiol. Plant. 123: 406-412.

Clarke TA, Hemmings AM, Burlat B, Butt JN, Cole JA, Richardson DJ 2006 Comparison of the structural and kinetic properties of the cytochrome c nitrite reductases from Escherichia coli, Wolinella succinogenes, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 143-145.

Clarke TA, Mills PC, Poock SR, Butt JN, Cheesman MR, Cole JA, Hinton JC, Hemmings AM, Kemp G, Söderberg CA, Spiro S, Van Wonderen J, Richardson DJ 2008 Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase NrfA. Methods Enzymol. 437: 63-77.

Clausen T, Wahl MC, Messerschmidt A, Huber R, Fuhrmann JC, Laber B, Streber W, Steegborn C 1999 Cloning, purification and characterisation of cystathionine gamma-synthase from Nicotiana tabacum. Biol. Chem. 380: 1237-1242.

Clegg S, Yu F, Griffiths L, Cole JA 2002 The roles of the polytopic membrane proteins NarK, NarU and NirC in Escherichia coli K-12: two nitrate and three nitrite transporters. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 143-155.

Clegg SJ, Jia W, Cole JA 2006 Role of the Escherichia coli nitrate transport protein, NarU, in survival during severe nutrient starvation and slow growth. Microbiology 152: 2091-2100.

Clemente MT, Marquez AJ 1999 Site-directed mutagenesis of Glu-297 from the alpha-polypeptide of Phaseolus vulgaris glutamine synthetase alters kinetic and structural properties and confers resistance to L-methionine sulfoximine. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 835-845.

Clemente MT, Marquez AJ 1999 Functional importance of Asp56 from the alpha-polypeptide of Phaseolus vulgaris glutamine synthetase. An essential residue for transferase but not for biosynthetic enzyme activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 264: 453-460.

Cock JM, Kim KD, Miller PW, Hutson RG, Schmidt RR 1991 A nuclear gene with many introns encoding ammonium-inducible chloroplastic NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase(s) in Chlorella sorokiniana. Plant Mol. Biol. 17: 1023-1044.

Cody V, Galitsky N, Rak D, Luft JR, Pangborn W, Queener SF 1999 Ligand-induced conformational changes in the crystal structures of Pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase complexes with folate and NADP+. Biochemistry 38: 4303-4312.

Colanduoni JA, Villafranca JJ 1985 Labeling of a specific arginine residue at the active site of glutamine synthetase (E.coli). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 126: 412-418.

Cole J 1996 Nitrate reduction to ammonia by enteric bacteria: redundancy, or a strategy for survival during oxygen starvation? FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 136: 1-11.

Cole JA 1989 Physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of nitrite reduction by Escherichia coli. In "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation" (JL Wray, JR Kinghorn eds) Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, pp. 229-244.

Collet JF, Gerin I, Rider MH, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E 1997 Human L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase: sequence, expression and evidence for a phosphoenzyme intermediate. FEBS Lett. 408: 281-284.

Collin S, Justin AM, Cantrel C, Arondel V, Kader JC 1999 Identification of AtPIS, a phosphatidylinositol synthase from Arabidopsis. Eur. J. Biochem. 262: 652-658.

Collins LA, Egan SM, Stewart V 1992 Mutational analysis reveals functional similarity between NARX, a nitrate sensor in Escherichia coli K-12, and the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. J. Bacteriol. 174: 3667-3675.

Colnaghi R, Rudnick P, He L, Green A, Yan D, Larson E, Kennedy C 2001 Lethality of glnD null mutations in Azotobacter vinelandii is suppressible by prevention of glutamine synthetase adenylylation. Microbiology 147: 1267-1276.

Colombo G, Villafranca JJ 1986 Amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase deduced from the DNA nucleotide sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 10587-10591.

Comeau DE, Inouye M 1988 A novel method for the cloning of chromosomal mutations in a single step: isolation of two mutant alleles of envZ, an osmoregulatory gene from Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 213: 166-169.

Commichau FM, Gunka K, Landmann JJ, Stulke J. 2008 Glutamate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: gene expression and enzyme activities evolved to avoid futile cycles and to allow rapid responses to perturbations of the system J. Bacteriol. 190: 3557-3564.

Conrado RJ, Mansell TJ, Varner JD, Delisa MP 2007 Stochastic reaction-diffusion simulation of enzyme compartmentalization reveals improved catalytic efficiency for a synthetic metabolic pathway. Metab. Eng. 9: 355-363.

Contestabile R, Angelaccio S, Bossa F, Wright HT, Scarsdale N, Kazanina G, Schirch V 2000 Role of tyrosine 65 in the mechanism of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Biochemistry 39: 7492-7500.

Contestabile R, Paiardini A, Pascarella S, di Salvo ML, D'Aguanno S, Bossa F 2001 L-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes specialized for different functions. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 6508-6525.

Contreras A, Drummond M, Bali A, Blanco G, Garcia E, Bush G, Kennedy C, Merrick M 1991 The product of the nitrogen fixation regulatory gene nfrX of Azotobacter vinelandii is functionally and structurally homologous to the uridylyltransferase encoded by glnD in enteric bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 173: 7741-7749.

Conzelmann H, Saez-Rodriguez J, Sauter T, Bullinger E, Allgower F, Gilles ED 2004 Reduction of mathematical models of signal transduction networks: simulation-based approach applied to EGF receptor signalling. Syst. Biol. 1: 159-169.

Cool RH, Veenstra MK, van Klompenburg W, Heyne RI, Muller M, de Vries EG, van Veen HW, Konings WN 2002 S-decyl-glutathione nonspecifically stimulates the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-binding domains of the human multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1 (ABCC1). Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3470-3478.

Coppee JY, Auger S, Turlin E, Sekowska A, Le Caer JP, Labas V, Vagner V, Danchin A, Martin-Verstraete I 2001 Sulfur-limitation-regulated proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study. Microbiology 147: 1631-1640.

Corbin RW, Paliy O, Yang F, Shabanowitz J, Platt M, Lyons CE Jr, Root K, McAuliffe J, Jordan MI, Kustu S, Soupene E, Hunt DF 2003 Toward a protein profile of Escherichia coli: comparison to its transcription profile. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 9232-9237.

Cordes C, Mockel B, Eggeling L, Sahm H 1992 Cloning, organization and functional analysis of ilvA, ilvB and ilvC genes from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Gene 112: 113-116.

Cormack BP, Valdivia RH, Falkow S 1996 FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene 173: 33-38.

Cornell KA, Riscoe MK 1998 Cloning and expression of Escherichia coli 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase: identification of the pfs gene product. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1396: 8-14.

Cornell KA, Winter RW, Tower PA, Riscoe MK 1996 Affinity purification of 5-methylthioribose kinase and 5-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biochem. J. 317: 285-290.

Cosper MM, Jameson GN, Hernandez HL, Krebs C, Huynh BH, Johnson MK 2004 Characterization of the cofactor composition of Escherichia coli biotin synthase. Biochemistry 43: 2007-2021.

Cosper MM, Jameson GNL, Eidsness MK, Huynh BH, Johnson MK 2002 Recombinant Escherichia coli biotin synthase is a [2Fe-2S](2+) protein in whole cells. FEBS Lett. 529: 332-336.

Cosquer A, Ficamos M, Jebbar M, Corbel JC, Choquet G, Fontenelle C, Uriac P, Bernard T 2004 Antibacterial activity of glycine of betaine analogues: involvement osmoporters. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 14: 2061-2065.

Cosquer A, Pichereau V, Pocard JA, Minet J, Cormier M, Bernard T 1999 Nanomolar levels of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfonioacetate, and glycine betaine are sufficient to confer osmoprotection to Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3304-3311.

Cottaz S, Samain E 2005 Genetic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of NI,NII-diacetylchitobiose (chitinbiose) and its utilization as a primer for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. Metab. Eng. 7: 311-317.

Coughlan S, Wang XG, Britton KL, Stillman TJ, Rice DW, Chiaraluce R, Consalvi V, Scandurra R, Engel PC 2001 Contribution of an aspartate residue, D114, in the active site of clostridial glutamate dehydrogenase to the enzyme's unusual pH dependence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1544: 10-17.

Coulter CV, Gerrard JA, Kraunsoe JAE, Pratt AJ 1999 Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase and dihydrodipicolinate reductase: kinetic and inhibition studies of two putative herbicide targets. Pestic. Sci. 55: 887-895.

Coursol S, Pierre JN, Vidal J, Grisvard J 2002 Cloning and characterization of a phospholipase C from the C4 plant Digitaria sanguinalis. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1521-1524.

Coutts G, Thomas G, Blakey D, Merrick M 2002 Membrane sequestration of the signal transduction protein GlnK by the ammonium transporter AmtB. EMBO J. 21: 536-545.

Covert MW, Knight EM, Reed JL, Herrgard MJ, Palsson BO 2004 Integrating high-throughput and computational data elucidates bacterial networks. Nature 429: 92-96.

Covert MW, Palsson BO 2002 Transcriptional regulation in constraints-based metabolic models of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 28058-28064.

Covert MW, Xiao N, Chen TJ, Karr JR 2008 Integrating metabolic, transcriptional regulatory and signal transduction models in Escherichia coli. Bioinformatics Jul 10 [Epub ahead of print].

Covic L, Silva NF, Lew RR 1999 Functional characterization of ARAKIN (ATMEKK1): a possible mediator in an osmotic stress response pathway in higher plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1451: 242-254.

Cowan JA 2002 Structural and catalytic chemistry of magnesium-dependent enzymes. Biometals 15: 225-235.

Cox JM, Hawkes TR, Bellini P, Ellis RM, Barrett R, Swanborough JJ, Russell SE, Walker PA, Barnes NJ, Knee AJ, Lewis T, Davies PR 1997 The design and synthesis of inhibitors of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase as potential herbicides. Pestic. Sci. 50: 297-311.

Cox SJ, Shalel Levanon S, Bennett GN, San KY 2005 Genetically constrained metabolic flux analysis. Metab. Eng. 7: 445-456.

Cozzani I, Fazio AM, Felici E, Barletta G 1980 Separation and characterization of NAD- and NADP-specific succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K-12 3300. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 613: 309-317.

Crabeel M, Charlier D, Cunin R, Boyen A, Glansdorff N, Pierard A 1975 Accumulation of arginine precursors in Escherichia coli: effects on growth, enzyme repression, and application to the forward selection of arginine auxotrophs. J. Bacteriol. 123: 898-904.

Crack JC, Le Brun NE, Thomson AJ, Green J, Jervis AJ 2008 Reactions of nitric oxide and oxygen with the regulator of fumarate and nitrate reduction, a global transcriptional regulator, during anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol. 437: 191-209.

Cramm R, Strube K 2008 Redox-controlled dinitrosyl formation at the diiron-oxo center of NorA. Methods Enzymol. 437: 103-116.

Crane BR, Getzoff ED 1996 The relationship between structure and function for the sulfite reductases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6: 744-756.

Crane BR, Siegel LM, Getzoff ED 1995 Sulfite reductase structure at 1.6 A: evolution and catalysis for reduction of inorganic anions. Science 270: 59-67.

Cremer J, Treptow C, Eggeling L, Sahm H 1988 Regulation of enzymes of lysine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134: 3221-3229.

Crespo JL, Garcia-Dominguez M, Florencio FJ 1998 Nitrogen control of the glnN gene that codes for GS type III, the only glutamine synthetase in the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. PCC 6903. Mol. Microbiol. 30: 1101-1112.

Cretin C, Bakrim N, Keryer E, Santi S, Lepiniec L, Vidal J, Gadal P 1991 Production in Escherichia coli of active Sorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which can be phosphorylated. Plant Mol. Biol. 17: 83-88.

Croft JE, Love DR, Bergquist PL 1987 Expression of leucine genes from an extremely thermophilic bacterium in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210: 490-497.

Cronan JE Jr 1980 Beta-alanine synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 141: 1291-1297.

Cronan JE Jr, Littel KJ, Jackowski S 1982 Genetic and biochemical analyses of pantothenate biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 149: 916-922.

Cross JM, Clancy M, Shaw JR, Boehlein SK, Greene TW, Schmidt RR, Okita TW, Hannah LC 2005 A polymorphic motif in the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase modulates interactions between the small and large subunits. Plant J. 41: 501-511.

Cross JM, Clancy M, Shaw JR, Greene TW, Schmidt RR, Okita TW, Hannah LC 2004 Both subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase are regulatory. Plant Physiol. 135: 137-144.

Crossman LC, Moir JW, Enticknap JJ, Richardson DJ, Spiro S 1997 Heterologous expression of heterotrophic nitrification genes. Microbiology 143: 3775-3783.

Cruz JA, Harfe B, Radkowski CA, Dann MS, McCarty RE 1995 Molecular dissection of the epsilon subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase of spinach. Plant Physiol. 109: 1379-1388.

Cruz-Hernandez A, Gomez-Lim MA 1995 Alternative oxidase from mango (Mangifera indica, L.) is differentially regulated during fruit ripening. Planta 197: 569-576.

Csonka LN 1981 The role of proline in osmoregulation in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Basic Life Sci. 18: 533-542.

Csonka LN, Gelvin SB, Goodner BW, Orser CS, Siemieniak D, Slightom JL 1988 Nucleotide sequence of a mutation in the proB gene of Escherichia coli that confers proline overproduction and enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress. Gene 64: 199-205.

Csonka LN, Hanson AD 1991 Prokaryotic osmoregulation - genetics and physiology. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45: 569-606.

Culham DE, Dalgado C, Gyles CL, Mamelak D, MacLellan S, Wood JM 1998 Osmoregulatory transporter ProP influences colonization of the urinary tract by Escherichia coli. Microbiology 144: 91-102.

Culham DE, Emmerson KS, Lasby B, Mamelak D, Steer BA, Gyles CL, Villarejo M, Wood JM 1994 Genes encoding osmoregulatory proline/glycine betaine transporters and the proline catabolic system are present and expressed in diverse clinical Escherichia coli isolates. Can. J. Microbiol. 40: 397-402.

Culham DE, Hillar A, Henderson J, Ly A, Vernikovska YI, Racher KI, Boggs JM, Wood JM 2003 Creation of a fully functional cysteine-less variant of osmosensor and proton-osmoprotectant symporter ProP from Escherichia coli and its application to assess the transporter's membrane orientation. Biochemistry 42: 11815-11823.

Culham DE, Lasby B, Marangoni AG, Milner JL, Steer BA, van Nues RW, Wood JM 1993 Isolation and sequencing of Escherichia coli gene proP reveals unusual structural features of the osmoregulatory proline/betaine transporter, ProP. J. Mol. Biol. 229: 268-276.

Cullin C, Baudin-Baillieu A, Guillemet E, Ozier-Kalogeropoulos O 1996 Functional analysis of YCL09C: evidence for a role as the regulatory subunit of acetolactate synthase. Yeast 12: 1511-1518.

Cumino A, Ekeroth C, Salerno GL 2001 Sucrose-phosphate phosphatase from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120: isolation of the protein and gene revealed significant structural differences from the higher-plant enzyme. Planta 214: 250-256.

Cummings SP, Williamson MP, Gilmour DJ 1993 Turgor regulation in a novel Halomonas species. Arch. Microbiol. 160: 319-323.

Cunningham FX Jr, Gantt E 2005 A study in scarlet: enzymes of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in the flowers of Adonis aestivalis. Plant J. 41: 478-492.

Cunningham L, Guest JR 1998 Transcription and transcript processing in the sdhCDAB-sucABCD operon of Escherichia coli. Microbiology 144: 2113-2123.

Cunningham-Rundles S, Maas WK 1975 Isolation, characterization, and mapping of Escherichia coli mutants blocked in the synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase. J. Bacteriol. 124: 791-799.

Curatti L, Porchia AC, Herrera-Estrella L, Salerno GL 2000 A prokaryotic sucrose synthase gene (susA) isolated from a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium encodes a protein similar to those of plants. Planta 211: 729-735.

Curien G, Dumas R, Ravanel S, Douce R 1996 Characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding an S-adenosylmethionine-sensitive threonine synthase. Threonine synthase from higher plants. FEBS Lett. 390: 85-90.

Curien G, Job D, Douce R, Dumas R 1998 Allosteric activation of Arabidopsis threonine synthase by S-adenosylmethionine. Biochemistry 37: 13212-13221.

Cussiol JR, Alves SV, de Oliveira MA, Netto LE 2003 Organic hydroperoxide resistance gene encodes a thiol-dependent peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 11570-11578.

Cvejic JH, Rohmer M 2000 CO2 as main carbon source for isoprenoid biosynthesis via the mevalonate-independent methylerythritol 4-phosphate route in the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nitzschia ovalis. Phytochemistry 53: 21-28.

Cvitkovitch DG, Gutierrez JA, Bleiweis AS 1997 Role of the citrate pathway in glutamate biosynthesis by Streptococcus mutans. J. Bacteriol. 179: 650-655.

D'Ari L, Rabinowitz JC 1991 Purification, characterization, cloning, and amino acid sequence of the bifunctional enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 23953-23958.

D'Auria JC, Chen F, Pichersky E 2002 Characterization of an acyltransferase capable of synthesizing benzylbenzoate and other volatile esters in flowers and damaged leaves of Clarkia breweri. Plant Physiol. 130: 466-476.

Daabrowski S, Brillowska A, Kur J 1999 Use of the green fluorescent protein variant (YFP) to monitor MetArg human proinsulin production in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 16: 315-323.

Dabizzi S, Ammannato S, Fani R 2001 Expression of horizontally transferred gene clusters: activation by promoter-generating mutations. Res. Microbiol. 152: 539-549.

Dabrowski MJ, Dietze EC, Atkins WM 1996 Engineering the aggregation properties of dodecameric glutamine synthetase: a single amino acid substitution controls 'salting out'. Protein Eng. 9: 291-298.

Dabrowski MJ, Yanchunas J Jr, Villafranca BC, Dietze EC, Schurke P, Atkins WM 1994 Supramolecular self-assembly of glutamine synthetase: mutagenesis of a novel intermolecular metal binding site required for dodecamer stacking. Biochemistry 33: 14957-14964.

Dahiya P, Kardailsky IV, Brewin NJ 1997 Immunolocalization of PsNLEC-1, a lectin-like glycoprotein expressed in developing pea nodules. Plant Physiol. 115: 1431-1442.

Dahlquist FW, Purich DL 1975 Regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Evidence for the action of some feedback modifiers at the active site of the unadenylylated enzyme. Biochemistry 14: 1980-1989.

Dai M, Ziesman S, Ratcliffe T, Gill RT, Copley SD 2005 Visualization of protoplast fusion and quantitation of recombination in fused protoplasts of auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 7: 45-52.

Dall'osto L, Caffarri S, Bassi R 2005 A mechanism of nonphotochemical energy dissipation, independent from PsbS, revealed by a conformational change in the antenna protein CP26. Plant Cell 17: 1217-1232.

Dall-Larsen T 1988 Stopped flow kinetic studies of adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyl transferase, the first enzyme in the histidine biosynthesis of Escherichia coli. Int. J. Biochem. 20: 811-815.

Dalton DA, Diaz del Castillo L, Kahn ML, Joyner SL, Chatfield JM 1996 Heterologous expression and characterization of soybean cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 328: 1-8.

Dandekar AM, Uratsu SL 1988 A single base pair change in proline biosynthesis genes causes osmotic stress tolerance. J. Bacteriol. 170: 5943-5945.

Danielsson H, Stenklo TK, Karlsson J, Nilsson T 2003 A gene cluster for chlorate metabolism in Ideonella dechloratans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5585-5592.

Danishefsky AT, Onnufer JJ, Petsko GA, Ringe D 1991 Activity and structure of the active-site mutants R386Y and R386F of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase. Biochemistry 30: 1980-1985.

Darimont B, Stehlin C, Szadkowski H, Kirschner K 1998 Mutational analysis of the active site of indoleglycerol phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. Protein Sci. 7: 1221-1232.

Dartois V, Liu J, Hoch JA 1997 Alterations in the flow of one-carbon units affect KinB-dependent sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol. 25: 39-51.

Darwin AJ, Li J, Stewart V 1996 Analysis of nitrate regulatory protein NarL-binding sites in the fdnG and narG operon control regions of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Microbiol. 20: 621-632.

Darwin AJ, Ziegelhoffer EC, Kiley PJ, Stewart V 1998 Fnr, NarP, and NarL regulation of Escherichia coli K-12 napF (periplasmic nitrate reductase) operon transcription in vitro. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4192-4198.

Daschner K, Couee I, Binder S 2001 The mitochondrial isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase of Arabidopsis oxidizes intermediates of leucine and valine catabolism. Plant Physiol. 126: 601-612.

DasSarma S, Tischer E, Goodman HM 1986 Plant glutamine synthetase complements a glnA mutation in Escherichia coli. Science 232: 1242-1244.

Datta S, Koutmos M, Pattridge KA, Ludwig ML, Matthews RG 2008 A disulfide-stabilized conformer of methionine synthase reveals an unexpected role for the histidine ligand of the cobalamin cofactor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 4115-4120.

Dattananda CS, Gowrishankar J 1989 Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli: complementation analysis and gene-protein relationships in the proU locus. J. Bacteriol. 171: 1915-1922.

Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A 2002 Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 21431-21439.

Davidovich-Rikanati R, Lewinsohn E, Bar E, Iijima Y, Pichersky E, Sitrit Y 2008 Overexpression of the lemon basil alpha-zingiberene synthase gene (ZIS) increases both mono- and sesquiterpene contents in tomato fruit. Plant J. Jul 4 [Epub ahead of print].

Davies C, Shin R, Liu W, Thomas MR, Schachtman DP 2006 Transporters expressed during grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) development are associated with an increase in berry size and berry potassium accumulation. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3209-3216.

Davis EM, Ringer KL, McConkey ME, Croteau R 2005 Monoterpene metabolism. Cloning, expression, and characterization of menthone reductases from peppermint. Plant Physiol. 137: 873-881.

Dayakar BV, Lin HJ, Chen CH, Ger MJ, Lee BH, Pai CH, Chow D, Huang HE, Hwang SY, Chung MC, Feng TY 2003 Ferredoxin from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) intensifying harpin(pss)-mediated hypersensitive response shows an enhanced production of active oxygen species (AOS). Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 913-924.

De Anda R, Lara AR, Hernandez V, Hernandez-Montalvo V, Gosset G, Bolivar F, Ramirez OT 2006 Replacement of the glucose phosphotransferase transport system by galactose permease reduces acetate accumulation and improves process performance of Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production without impairment of growth rate. Metab. Eng. 8: 281-290.

De Biase D, Simmaco M, Sweeney G, Barra D, Bossa F, John RA 1993 Isolation and cloning of the gene from Escherichia coli encoding glutamate decarboxylase. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 18: 139-142.

De Biase D, Tramonti A, Bossa F, Visca P 1999 The response to stationary-phase stress conditions in Escherichia coli: role and regulation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase system. Mol. Microbiol. 32: 1198-1211.

De Biase D, Tramonti A, John RA, Bossa F 1996 Isolation, overexpression, and biochemical characterization of the two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 8: 430-438.

De Jaeger G, Buys E, Eeckhout D, Bruyns AM, De Neve M, De Wilde C, Gerats T, Van Montagu M, Fischer R, Depicker A 1997 Use of phage display for isolation and characterization of single-chain variable fragments against dihydroflavonol 4-reductase from Petunia hybrida. FEBS Lett. 403: 116-122.

de Kraker JW, Luck K, Textor S, Tokuhisa JG, Gershenzon J 2007 Two Arabidopsis genes (IPMS1 and IPMS2) encode isopropylmalate synthase, the branchpoint step in the biosynthesis of leucine. Plant Physiol. 143: 970-986.

De La Fuente Van Bentem S, Vossen JH, Vermeer JE, De Vroomen MJ, Gadella TW Jr, Haring MA, Cornelissen BJ 2003 The subcellular localization of plant protein phosphatase 5 isoforms is determined by alternative splicing. Plant Physiol. 133: 702-712.

de la Torre F, De Santis L, Suarez MF, Crespillo R, Canovas FM 2006 Identification and functional analysis of a prokaryotic-type aspartate aminotransferase: implications for plant amino acid metabolism. Plant J. 46: 414-425.

de la Torre F, Suarez MF, Santis L, Canovas FM 2007 The aspartate aminotransferase family in conifers: biochemical analysis of a prokaryotic-type enzyme from maritime pine. Tree Physiol. 27: 1283-1291.

De Luca V, Marineau C, Brisson N 1989 Molecular cloning and analysis of cDNA encoding a plant tryptophan decarboxylase: comparison with animal dopa decarboxylases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 2582-2586.

de Marco A, Vigh L, Diamant S, Goloubinoff P 2005 Native folding of aggregation-prone recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by osmolytes, plasmid- or benzyl alcohol-overexpressed molecular chaperones. Cell. Stress Chaperones 10: 329-339.

de Mel VS, Kamberov ES, Martin PD, Zhang J, Ninfa AJ, Edwards BF 1994 Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals of the PII protein from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 243: 796-798.

de Pater S, Pham K, Memelink J, Kijne J 1997 RAP-1 is an Arabidopsis MYC-like R protein homologue, that binds to G-box sequence motifs. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 169-174.

de Paula RM, Wilson WA, Roach PJ, Terenzi HF, Bertolini MC 1997 Biochemical characterization of Neurospora crassa glycogenin (GNN), the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis. FEBS Lett. 579: 2208-2214 (2005 ).

De Rossi E, Leva R, Gusberti L, Manachini PL, Riccardi G 1995 Cloning, sequencing and expression of the ilvBNC gene cluster from Streptomyces avermitilis. Gene 166: 127-132.

de Rudder KEE, Sohlenkamp C, Geiger O 1999 Plant exuded choline is used for rhizobial membrane lipid biosynthesis by phosphatidylcholine synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 20011-20016.

de Vienne D, Bost B, Fievet J, Zivy M, Dillmann C 2001 Genetic variability of proteome expression and metabolic control. Plant Physiol. & Biochem. 39: 271-283.

De Vos D, Xu Y, Aerts T, Van Petegem F, Van Beeumen JJ 2008 Crystal structure of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius aspartate carbamoyltransferase in complex with its allosteric activator CTP. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 372: 40-44.

de Wind N, de Jong M, Meijer M, Stuitje AR 1985 Site-directed mutagenesis of the Escherichia coli chromosome near oriC: identification and characterization of asnC, a regulatory element in E. coli asparagine metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 8797-8811.

de Zamaroczy M, Delorme F, Elmerich C 1990 Characterization of three different nitrogen-regulated promoter regions for the expression of glnB and glnA in Azospirillum brasilense. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 421-430.

de Zelicourt A, Letousey P, Thoiron S, Campion C, Simoneau P, Elmorjani K, Marion D, Simier P, Delavault P 2007 Ha-DEF1, a sunflower defensin, induces cell death in Orobanche parasitic plants. Planta 226: 591-600.

Dean AM 1994 Fitness, flux and phantoms in temporally variable environments. Genetics 136: 1481-1495.

Deane SM, Rawlings DE 1996 Cloning and sequencing of the gene for the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC33020 glutamate synthase (GOGAT) small subunit and complementation of an Escherichia coli gltD mutant. Gene 177: 261-263.

Decatur WA, Fournier MJ 2002 rRNA modifications and ribosome function. Trends Biochem. Sci. 27: 344-351.

Dehesh K, Edwards P, Hayes T, Cranmer AM, Fillatti J 1996 Two novel thioesterases are key determinants of the bimodal distribution of acyl chain length of Cuphea palustris seed oil. Plant Physiol. 110: 203-210.

Deka RK, Anton IA, Dunbar B, Coggins JR 1994 The characterisation of the shikimate pathway enzyme dehydroquinase from Pisum sativum. FEBS Lett. 349: 397-402.

Deka RK, Kleanthous C, Coggins JR 1992 Identification of the essential histidine residue at the active site of Escherichia coli dehydroquinase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 22237-22242.

Delaney KJ, Xu R, Zhang J, Li QQ, Yun KY, Falcone DL, Hunt AG 2006 Calmodulin interacts with and regulates the RNA-binding activity of an Arabidopsis polyadenylation factor subunit. Plant Physiol. 140: 1507-1521.

Delannay S, Charlier D, Tricot C, Villeret V, Pierard A, Stalon V 1999 Serine 948 and threonine 1042 are crucial residues for allosteric regulation of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthetase and illustrate coupling effects of activation and inhibition pathways. J. Mol. Biol. 286: 1217-1228.

Delauney AJ, Hu CA, Kishor PB, Verma DP 1993 Cloning of ornithine delta-aminotransferase cDNA from Vigna aconitifolia by trans-complementation in Escherichia coli and regulation of proline biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 18673-18678.

Delgado IJ, Wang Z, de Rocher A, Keegstra K, Raikhel NV 1998 Cloning and characterization of AtRGP1. A reversibly autoglycosylated Arabidopsis protein implicated in cell wall biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 116: 1339-1350.

Delgado MJ, Bonnard N, Tresierra-Ayala A, Bedmar EJ, Muller P 2003 The Bradyrhizobium japonicum napEDABC genes encoding the periplasmic nitrate reductase are essential for nitrate respiration. Microbiology (U.K.) 149: 3395-3403.

DeLisa MP, Li J, Rao G, Weigand WA, Bentley WE 1999 Monitoring GFP-operon fusion protein expression during high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli using an on-line optical sensor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 65: 54-64.

Delle Fratte S, Iurescia S, Angelaccio S, Bossa F, Schirch V 1994 The function of arginine 363 as the substrate carboxyl-binding site in Escherichia coli serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Eur. J. Biochem. 225: 395-401.

Delorme C, Ehrlich SD, Renault P 1999 Regulation of expression of the Lactococcus lactis histidine operon. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2026-2037.

Delumeau O, Renard M, Montrichard F 2000 Characterization and possible redox regulation of the purified calmodulin-dependent NAD+ kinase from Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1267-1273.

Demir V, Dincturk HB 2006 Semi-anaerobic growth conditions are favoured by some Escherichia coli strains during heterologous expression of some archaeal proteins. Mol. Biol. Rep. 33: 59-63.

Demirci H, Gregory ST, Dahlberg AE, Jogl G 2008 Multiple-site trimethylation of ribosomal protein L11 by the PrmA methyltransferase. Structure 16: 1059-1066.

DeMoss JA, Hsu PY 1991 NarK enhances nitrate uptake and nitrite excretion in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 173: 3303-3310.

Deng MD, Severson DK, Grund AD, Wassink SL, Burlingame RP, Berry A, Running JA, Kunesh CA, Song L, Jerrell TA, Rosson RA 2005 Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for industrial production of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Metab. Eng. 7: 201-214.

DeRidder BP, Dixon DP, Beussman DJ, Edwards R, Goldsbrough PB 2002 Induction of glutathione S-transferases in Arabidopsis by herbicide safeners. Plant Physiol. 130: 1497-1505.

Desplats C, Beyly A, Cuine S, Bernard L, Cournac L, Peltier G 2007 Modification of substrate specificity in single point mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens type II NADH dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 581: 4017-4022.

Detsch C, Stulke J 2003 Ammonium utilization in Bacillus subtilis: transport and regulatory functions of NrgA and NrgB. Microbiology (U.K.) 149: 3289-3297.

Deutch AH, Rushlow KE, Smith CJ 1984 Analysis of the Escherichia coli proBA locus by DNA and protein sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 6337-6355.

Deutch CE 1992 Oxidation of L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate by L-proline dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1593-1598.

Deutch CE, Hasler JM, Houston RM, Sharma M, Stone VJ 1989 Nonspecific inhibition of proline dehydrogenase synthesis in Escherichia coli during osmotic stress. Can. J. Microbiol. 35: 779-785.

Deutch CE, Klarstrom JL, Link CL, Ricciardi DL 2001 Oxidation of L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in Escherichia coli. Curr. Microbiol. 42: 442-446.

Deutch CE, O'Brien JM Jr, VanNieuwenhze MS 1985 Identification of a trans-dominant mutation affecting proline dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 988-993.

Deutch CE, Soffer RL 1975 Regulation of proline catabolism by leucyl,phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 405-408.

Dhankher OP, Rosen BP, McKinney EC, Meagher RB 2006 Hyperaccumulation of arsenic in the shoots of Arabidopsis silenced for arsenate reductase (ACR2). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 5413-5418.

Dharmawardhana DP, Ellis BE, Carlson JE 1999 cDNA cloning and heterologous expression of coniferin beta-glucosidase. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 365-372.

Di Fraia R, Wilquet V, Ciardiello MA, Carratore V, Antignani A, Camardella L, Glansdorff N, Di Prisco G 2000 NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in the Antarctic psychrotolerant bacterium Psychrobacter sp. tad1. Characterization, protein and DNA sequence, and relationship to other glutamate dehydrogenases. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 121-131.

di Salvo ML, Hunt S, Schirch V 2004 Expression, purification, and kinetic constants for human and Escherichia coli pyridoxal kinases. Protein Expr. Purif. 36: 300-306.

Diamant S, Eliahu N, Rosenthal D, Goloubinoff P 2001 Chemical chaperones regulate molecular chaperones in vitro and in cells under combined salt and heat stresses. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 39586-39591.

Diamant S, Rosenthal D, Azem A, Eliahu N, Ben-Zvi AP, Goloubinoff P 2003 Dicarboxylic amino acids and glycine-betaine regulate chaperone-mediated protein-disaggregation under stress. Mol. Microbiol. 49: 401-410.

Dias JM, Than ME, Humm A, Huber R, Bourenkov GP, Bartunik HD, Bursakov S, Calvete J, Caldeira J, Carneiro C, Moura JJ, Moura I, Romao MJ 1999 Crystal structure of the first dissimilatory nitrate reductase at 1.9 A solved by MAD methods. Structure 7: 65-79.

Diaz S, Perez-Pomares F, Pire C, Ferrer J, Bonete MJ 2006 Gene cloning, heterologous overexpression and optimized refolding of the NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase from Haloferax mediterranei. Extremophiles 10: 105-115.

Dibrov P, Rimon A, Dzioba J, Winogrodzki A, Shalitin Y, Padan E 2005 2-Aminoperimidine, a specific inhibitor of bacterial NhaA Na(+)/H(+) antiporters. FEBS Lett. 579: 373-378.

Diebold R, Schuster J, Daschner K, Binder S 2002 The branched-chain amino acid transaminase gene family in Arabidopsis encodes plastid and mitochondrial proteins. Plant Physiol. 129: 540-550.

Diepold A, Li G, Lennarz WJ, Nurnberger T, Brunner F 2007 The Arabidopsis AtPNG1 gene encodes a peptide: N-glycanase. Plant J. 52: 94-104.

Diez B, Mellado E, Rodriguez M, Bernasconi E, Barredo JL 1999 The NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from Penicillium chrysogenum and the construction of expression vectors for filamentous fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 52: 196-207.

Dionisio G, Holm PB, Brinch-Pedersen H 2007 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (MINPPs) are phytases expressed during grain filling and germination. Plant Biotechnol. J. 5: 325-338.

Dirk LM, Williams MA, Houtz RL 2001 Eukaryotic peptide deformylases. Nuclear-encoded and chloroplast-targeted enzymes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 97-107.

Dixon DP, Cole DJ, Edwards R 1999 Dimerisation of maize glutathione transferases in recombinant bacteria. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 997-1008.

Dobric N, Limsowtin GKY, Hillier AJ, Dudman NPB, Davidson BE 2000 Identification and characterization of a cystathionine beta/gamma-lyase from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 182: 249-254.

Doig P, de Jonge BL, Alm RA, Brown ED, Uria-Nickelsen M, Noonan B, Mills SD, Tummino P, Carmel G, Guild BC, Moir DT, Vovis GF, Trust TJ 1999 Helicobacter pylori physiology predicted from genomic comparison of two strains. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63: 675-708.

Dolzan M, Johansson K, Roig-Zamboni V, Campanacci V, Tegoni M, Schneider G, Cambillau C 2004 Crystal structure and reactivity of YbdL from Escherichia coli identify a methionine aminotransferase function. FEBS Lett. 571: 141-146.

Domach MM, Leung SK, Cahn RE, Cocks GG, Shuler ML 2000 Computer model for glucose-limited growth of a single cell of Escherichia coli B/r-A. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67: 827-840.

Dommelen A, De Mot R, Vanderleyden J 2001 Ammonium transport: unifying concepts and unique aspects. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 959-967.

Donnelly MI, Cooper RA 1981 Two succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases are induced when Escherichia coli K-12 Is grown on gamma-aminobutyrate. J. Bacteriol. 145: 1425-1427.

Donnelly MI, Cooper RA 1981 Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli: their role in the degradation of p-hydroxyphenylacetate and gamma-aminobutyrate. Eur. J. Biochem. 113: 555-561.

Doran-Peterson J, Cook DM, Brandon SK 2008 Microbial conversion of sugars from plant biomass to lactic acid or ethanol. Plant J. 54: 582-592.

Dorion S, Matton DP, Rivoal J 2006 Characterization of a cytosolic nucleoside diphosphate kinase associated with cell division and growth in potato. Planta 224: 108-124.

Dosselaere F, Lambrecht M, Vanderleyden J 2000 Isolation and sequence analysis of the trpBA gene cluster, encoding tryptophan synthase, from Azospirillum brasilense. DNA Seq. 11: 287-293.

Dowhan W 1997 Molecular basis for membrane phospholipid diversity: why are there so many lipids? Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66: 199-232.

Draborg H, Villadsen D, Nielsen TH 1999 Cloning, characterization and expression of a bifunctional fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from potato. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 709-720.

Draczynska-Lusiak B, Brown OR 1994 Asparagine synthetase: an oxidant-sensitive enzyme in Escherichia coli. Microbios 77: 141-152.

Drea SC, Mould RM, Hibberd JM, Gray JC, Kavanagh TA 2001 Tissue-specific and developmental-specific expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding the lipoamide dehydrogenase component of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Plant Mol. Biol. 46: 705-715.

Drennan CL, Huang S, Drummond JT, Matthews RG, Lidwig ML 1994 How a protein binds B12: A 3.0 A X-ray structure of B12-binding domains of methionine synthase. Science 266: 1669-1674.

Drew DP, Lunde C, Lahnstein J, Fincher GB 2007 Heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding monodehydroascorbate reductases from the moss, Physcomitrella patens and characterization of the expressed enzymes. Planta 225: 945-954.

Dridge EJ, Richardson DJ, Lewis RJ, Butler CS 2006 Developing structure-based models to predict substrate specificity of D-group (type II) molybdenum enzymes: application to a molybdo-enzyme of unknown function from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 118-121.

Drsata J 2003 Tryptophan metabolism via transamination. In vitro aminotransferase assay using dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 527: 511-517.

Drummond JT, Huang S, Blumenthal RM, Matthews RG 1993 Assignment of enzymatic function to specific protein regions of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 32: 9290-9295.

Drummond JT, Loo RR, Matthews RG 1993 Electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of the domains of a large enzyme: observation of the occupied cobalamin-binding domain and redefinition of the carboxyl terminus of methionine synthase. Biochemistry 32: 9282-9289.

du Jardin P, Rojas-Beltran J, Gebhardt C, Brasseur R 1995 Molecular cloning and characterization of a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase in potato. Plant Physiol. 109: 853-860.

Dubourdieu M, DeMoss JA 1992 The narJ gene product is required for biogenesis of respiratory nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 174: 867-872.

Duhaze C, Gagneul D, Leport L, Larher FR, Bouchereau A 2003 Uracil as one of the multiple sources of beta-alanine in Limonium latifolium, a halotolerant beta-alanine betaine accumulating Plumbaginaceae. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41: 993-998.

Dukan S, Nystrom T 1998 Bacterial senescence: stasis results in increased and differential oxidation of cytoplasmic proteins leading to developmental induction of the heat shock regulon. Genes Dev. 12: 3431-3441.

Dumas R, Biou V, Douce R 1997 Purification and characterization of a fusion protein of plant acetohydroxy acid synthase and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. FEBS Lett. 408: 156-160.

Dumas R, Job D, Ortholand JY, Emeric G, Greiner A, Douce R 1992 Isolation and kinetic properties of acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 288: 865-874.

Dumas R, Lebrun M, Douce R 1991 Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase from spinach chloroplasts. Biochem. J. 277: 469-475.

Duncan K, Coggins JR 1986 The serC-aro A operon of Escherichia coli. A mixed function operon encoding enzymes from two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Biochem. J. 234: 49-57.

Duncan PA, White BA, Mackie RI 1992 Purification and properties of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 4032-4037.

Dunn MF, Aguilar V, Brzovic P, Drewe WF Jr, Houben KF, Leja CA, Roy M 1990 The tryptophan synthase bienzyme complex transfers indole between the alpha- and beta-sites via a 25-30 A long tunnel. Biochemistry 29: 8598-8607.

Dupuy DL, Rial DV, Ceccarelli EA 2004 Inhibition of pea ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductase by Zn-ferrocyanide. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 4582-4593.

Dusch N, P hler A, Kalinowski J 1999 Expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum panD gene encoding L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase leads to pantothenate overproduction in Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1530-1539.

Dutzler R 2004 Structural basis for ion conduction and gating in ClC chloride channels. FEBS Lett. 564: 229-233.

Duval FD, Renard M, Jaquinod M, Biou V, Montrichard F, Macherel D 2002 Differential expression and functional analysis of three calmodulin isoforms in germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. Plant J. 32: 481-493.

Duwenig E, Steup M, Kossmann J 1997 Induction of genes encoding plastidic phosphorylase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by exogenously supplied carbohydrates in excised leaf discs. Planta 203: 111-120.

Dyer WE, Weaver LM, Zhao JM, Kuhn DN, Weller SC, Herrmann KM 1990 A cDNA encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase from Solanum tuberosum L. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 1608-1614.

Dykema PE, Sipes PR, Marie A, Biermann BJ, Crowell DN, Randall SK 1999 A new class of proteins capable of binding transition metals. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 139-150.

Eastmond PJ 2004 Glycerol-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants: gli1 seedlings lack glycerol kinase, accumulate glycerol and are more resistant to abiotic stress. Plant J. 37: 617-625.

Eaves DJ, Grove J, Staudenmann W, James P, Poole RK, White SA, Griffiths I, Cole JA 1998 Involvement of products of the nrfEFG genes in the covalent attachment of haem c to a novel cysteine-lysine motif in the cytochrome c552 nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 28: 205-216.

Eaves DJ, Palmer T, Boxer DH 1997 The product of the molybdenum cofactor gene mobB of Escherichia coli is a GTP-binding protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 246: 690-697.

Eberhard J, Bischoff M, Raesecke HR, Amrhein N, Schmid J 1996 Isolation of a cDNA from tomato coding for an unregulated, cytosolic chorismate mutase. Plant Mol. Biol. 31: 917-922.

Eberhard J, Ehrler TT, Epple P, Felix G, Raesecke HR, Amrhein N, Schmid J 1996 Cytosolic and plastidic chorismate mutase isozymes from Arabidopsis thaliana: molecular characterization and enzymatic properties. Plant J. 10: 815-821.

Ebmeier A, Allison L, Cerutti H, Clemente T 2004 Evaluation of the Escherichia coli threonine deaminase gene as a selectable marker for plant transformation. Planta 218: 751-758.

Eckardt NA 2005 Photorespiration revisited. Plant Cell 17: 2139-2141.

Eckardt NA 2003 Viral defense and counterdefense: a role for adenosine kinase in innate defense and RNA silencing. Plant Cell 15: 2758-2762.

Eckermann C, Eichel J, Schroder J 2000 Plant methionine synthase: new insights into properties and expression. Biol. Chem. 381: 695-703.

Edman JC, Goldstein AL, Erbe JG 1993 Para-aminobenzoate synthase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a bifunctional enzyme. Yeast 9: 669-675.

Edwards A, Marshall J, Denyer K, Sidebottom C, Visser RG, Martin C, Smith AM 1996 Evidence that a 77-kilodalton protein from the starch of pea embryos is an isoform of starch synthase that is both soluble and granule bound. Plant Physiol. 112: 89-97.

Edwards JS, Covert MW, Palsson BO 2002 Metabolic modelling of microbes: the flux-balance approach. Environ. Microbiol. 4: 133-140.

Edwards JS, Ibarra RU, Palsson BO 2001 In silico predictions of Escherichia coli metabolic capabilities are consistent with experimental data. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 125-130.

Edwards JS, Palsson BO 2000 The Escherichia coli MG1655 in silico metabolic genotype: Its definition, characteristics, and capabilities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 5528-5533.

Edwards JS, Palsson BO 2000 Metabolic flux balance analysis and the in silico analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 gene deletions. BMC Bioinformatics 1: 1-10.

Edwards JS, Palsson BO 2000 Robustness analysis of the Escherichia coli metabolic network. Biotechnol. Prog. 16: 927-939.

Edwards JS, Ramakrishna R, Palsson BO 2002 Characterizing the metabolic phenotype: a phenotype phase plane analysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 77: 27-36.

Edwards R, Merrick M 1995 The role of uridylyltransferase in the control of Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene regulation. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247: 189-198.

Egan SM, Stewart V 1990 Nitrate regulation of anaerobic respiratory gene expression in narX deletion mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 172: 5020-5029.

Ehlers C, Grabbe R, Veit K, Schmitz RA 2002 Characterization of GlnK(1) from Methanosarcina mazei strain Go1: Complementation of an Escherichia coli glnK mutant strain by GlnK(1). J. Bacteriol. 184: 1028-1040.

Ehsani P, Meunier A, Nato F, Jafari A, Nato A, Lafaye P 2003 Expression of anti human IL-4 and IL-6 scFvs in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 17-29.

Eichel J, Gonzalez JC, Hotze M, Matthews RG, Schroder J 1995 Vitamin-B12-independent methionine synthase from a higher plant (Catharanthus roseus). Molecular characterization, regulation, heterologous expression, and enzyme properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 230: 1053-1058.

Eikmanns BJ, Metzger M, Reinscheid D, Kircher M, Sahm H 1991 Amplification of three threonine biosynthesis genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its influence on carbon flux in different strains. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34: 617-622.

El Malki F, Frankard V, Jacobs M 1998 Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA sequence encoding histidinol phosphate aminotransferase from Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 1013-1022.

el-Mansi EM, Dawson GC, Bryce CF 1994 Steady-state modelling of metabolic flux between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate bypass in Escherichia coli. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10: 295-299.

Elischewski F, Puhler A, Kalinowski J 1999 Pantothenate production in Escherichia coli K12 by enhanced expression of the panE gene encoding ketopantoate reductase. J. Biotechnol. 75: 135-146.

Elliott SJ, Hoke KR, Heffron K, Palak M, Rothery RA, Weiner JH, Armstrong FA 2004 Voltammetric studies of the catalytic mechanism of the respiratory nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli: How nitrate reduction and inhibition depend on the oxidation state of the active site. Biochemistry 43: 799-807.

Elmansi EMT, MacKintosh C, Duncan K, Holms WH, Nimmo HG 1987 Molecular cloning and over-expression of the glyoxylate bypass operon from Escherichia coli ML308. Biochem. J. 242: 661-665.

Elumalai RP, Nagpal P, Reed JW 2002 A mutation in the Arabidopsis KT2/KUP2 potassium transporter gene affects shoot cell expansion. Plant Cell 14: 119-131.

Ely B, Amarasinghe AB, Bender RA 1978 Ammonia assimilation and glutamate formation in Caulobacter crescentus. J. Bacteriol. 133: 225-230.

Emmerling M, Bailey JE, Sauer U 1999 Glucose catabolism of Escherichia coli strains with increased activity and altered regulation of key glycolytic enzymes. Metab. Eng. 1: 117-127.

Emmerling M, Bailey JE, Sauer U 2000 Altered regulation of pyruvate kinase or co-overexpression of phosphofructokinase increases glycolytic fluxes in resting Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67: 623-627.

Emmerling M, Dauner M, Ponti A, Fiaux J, Hochuli M, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K, Bailey JE, Sauer U 2002 Metabolic flux responses to pyruvate kinase knockout in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 152-164.

Encinas MV, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, Goldie H, Cardemil E 2002 Ligand interactions and protein conformational changes of phosphopyridoxyl-labeled Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4960-4968.

Endo T, Mihara Y, Furumoto T, Matsumura H, Kai Y, Izui K 2008 Maize C4-form phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase engineered to be functional in C3 plants: mutations for diminished sensitivity to feedback inhibitors and for increased substrate affinity. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1811-1818.

Endy D 2005 Foundations for engineering biology. Nature 438: 449-453.

Engel S, Vyazmensky M, Geresh S, Barak Z, Chipman DM 2003 Acetohydroxyacid synthase: A new enzyme for chiral synthesis of R-phenylacetylcarbinol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 833-840.

Engemann C, Elssner T, Pfeifer S, Krumbholz C, Maier T, Kleber HP 2005 Identification and functional characterisation of genes and corresponding enzymes involved in carnitine metabolism of Proteus sp. Arch. Microbiol. 183: 176-189.

Entus R, Poling M, Herrmann KM 2002 Redox regulation of Arabidopsis 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 129: 1866-1871.

Eom SJ, Ahn HJ, Kim HW, Baek SH, Suh SW 2003 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 59: 561-562.

Epelbaum S, McDevitt R, Falco SC 1997 Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana: nucleotide sequence and characterization. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 735-748.

Eppler T, Postma P, Schutz A, Volker U, Boos W 2002 Glycerol-3-phosphate-induced catabolite repression in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 3044-3052.

Erasto P, Bojase-Moleta G, Majinda RR 2004 Antimicrobial and antioxidant flavonoids from the root wood of Bolusanthus speciosus. Phytochemistry 65: 875-880.

Erbeznik M, Strobel HJ, Dawson KA 2000 Organization and sequence of histidine biosynthesis genes hisH, -A, -F, and -IE in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Curr. Microbiol. 40: 140-142.

Erikson O, Hertzberg M, Nasholm T 2005 The dsdA gene from Escherichia coli provides a novel selectable marker for plant transformation. Plant Mol. Biol. 57: 425-433.

Erikson O, Hertzberg M, Nasholm T 2004 A conditional marker gene allowing both positive and negative selection in plants. Nat. Biotechnol. 22: 455-458.

Ernsting BR, Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ, Matthews RG 1992 Characterization of the regulon controlled by the leucine-responsive regulatory protein in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 174: 1109-1118.

Ernsting BR, Denninger JW, Blumenthal RM, Matthews RG 1993 Regulation of the gltBDF operon of Escherichia coli: how is a leucine-insensitive operon regulated by the leucine-responsive regulatory protein? J. Bacteriol. 175: 7160-7169.

Eschenburg S, Healy ML, Priestman MA, Lushington GH, Schonbrunn E 2002 How the mutation glycine96 to alanine confers glyphosate insensitivity to 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. Planta 216: 129-135.

Escobar-Paramo P, Clermont O, Blanc-Potard AB, Bui H, Le Bouguenec C, Denamur E 2004 A specific genetic background is required for acquisition and expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21: 1085-1094.

Eshoo MW 1988 lac fusion analysis of the bet genes of Escherichia coli: regulation by osmolarity, temperature, oxygen, choline, and glycine betaine. J. Bacteriol. 170: 5208-5215.

Espinosa-Ruiz A, Belles JM, Serrano R, Culianez-MacIa FA 1999 Arabidopsis thaliana AtHAL3: a flavoprotein related to salt and osmotic tolerance and plant growth. Plant J. 20: 529-539.

Essar DW, Eberly L, Hadero A, Crawford IP 1990 Identification and characterization of genes for a second anthranilate synthase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: interchangeability of the two anthranilate synthases and evolutionary implications. J. Bacteriol. 172: 884-900.

Essenberg RC, Sharma YK 1993 Cloning of genes for proline and leucine biosynthesis from Brucella abortus by functional complementation in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 87-93.

Essigmann B, Hespenheide BM, Kuhn LA, Benning C 1999 Prediction of the active-site structure and NAD(+) binding in SQD1, a protein essential for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 369: 30-41.

Estelle M 2001 Proteases and cellular regulation in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4: 254-260.

Eudes A, Mouille G, Thevenin J, Minic Z, Jouanin L 2008 Purification, cloning and functional characterization of an endogenous beta-glucuronidase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. Jul 30 [Epub ahead of print].

Evans JD, Al-Khaldi SF, Martin SA 2002 Cloning of the O-acetylserine lyase gene from the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium HD4. Curr. Microbiol. 44: 161-166.

Everard JD, Cantini C, Grumet R, Plummer J, Loescher WH 1997 Molecular cloning of mannose-6-phosphate reductase and its developmental expression in celery. Plant Physiol. 113: 1427-1435.

Evstigneeva ZG, Solov'eva NA, Sidel'nikova LI 2003 Methionine sulfoximine and phosphinothrycin: A review of their herbicidal activity and effects on glutamine synthetase . Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 39: 539-543.

Exley GE, Colandene JD, Garrett RH 1993 Molecular cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of nit-6, the structural gene for nitrite reductase in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2379-2392.

Faatz E, Middendorf A, Bremer E 1988 Cloned structural genes for the osmotically regulated binding-protein-dependent glycine betaine transport system (ProU) of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Microbiol. 2: 265-279.

Facchini PJ, De Luca V 1995 Expression in Escherichia coli and partial characterization of two tyrosine/dopa decarboxylases from opium poppy. Phytochemistry 38: 1119-1126.

Facchini PJ, De Luca V 1994 Differential and tissue-specific expression of a gene family for tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase in opium poppy. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 26684-26690.

Fairbairn DJ, Liu W, Schachtman DP, Gomez-Gallego S, Day SR, Teasdale RD 2000 Characterisation of two distinct HKT1-like potassium transporters from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 515-525.

Faldt J, Arimura G, Gershenzon J, Takabayashi J, Bohlmann J 2003 Functional identification of AtTPS03 as ( E)-beta-ocimene synthase: a monoterpene synthase catalyzing jasmonate- and wound-induced volatile formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 216: 745-751.

Falkenberg P, Strom AR 1990 Purification and characterization of osmoregulatory betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1034: 253-259.

Fan F, Ghanem M, Gadda G 2004 Cloning, sequence analysis, and purification of choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis: a bacterial enzyme involved in osmotic stress tolerance. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 421: 149-158.

Fan X, Pericone CD, Lysenko E, Goldfine H, Weiser JN 2003 Multiple mechanisms for choline transport and utilization in Haemophilus influenzae. Mol. Microbiol. 50: 537-548.

Fang Y, Kolmakova-Partensky L, Miller C 2007 A bacterial arginine-agmatine exchange-transporter involved in extreme acid resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 176-182.

Fani R, Brilli M, Fondi M, Lio P 2007 The role of gene fusions in the evolution of metabolic pathways: the histidine biosynthesis case. BMC Evol. Biol. 7 Suppl. 2: S4.

Fani R, Lio P, Chiarelli I, Bazzicalupo M 1994 The evolution of the histidine biosynthetic genes in prokaryotes: a common ancestor for the hisA and hisF genes. J. Mol. Evol. 38: 489-495.

Fani R, Mori E, Tamburini E, Lazcano A 1998 Evolution of the structure and chromosomal distribution of histidine biosynthetic genes. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 28: 555-570.

Fani R, Tamburini E, Mori E, Lazcano A, Lio P, Barberio C, Casalone E, Cavalieri D, Perito B, Polsinelli M 1997 Paralogous histidine biosynthetic genes: evolutionary analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS6 and HIS7 genes. Gene 197: 9-17.

Farmer MJ, Czernic P, Michael A, Negrel J 1999 Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from tobacco. Eur. J. Biochem. 263: 686-694.

Farmer WR, Liao JC 2001 Precursor balancing for metabolic engineering of lycopene production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Prog. 17: 57-61.

Farmer WR, Liao JC 1997 Reduction of aerobic acetate production by Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 3205-3210.

Farmer WR, Liao JC 2000 Improving lycopene production in Escherichia coli by engineering metabolic control. Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 533-537.

Farre EM, Bachmann A, Willmitzer L, Trethewey RN 2001 Acceleration of potato tuber sprouting by the expression of a bacterial pyrophosphatase. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 268-272.

Farrington GK, Kumar A, Shames SL, Ewaskiewicz JI, Ash DE, Wedler FC 1993 Threonine synthase of Escherichia coli: inhibition by classical and slow-binding analogues of homoserine phosphate. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 307: 165-174.

Faure M, Bourguignon J, Neuburger M, MacHerel D, Sieker L, Ober R, Kahn R, Cohen-Addad C, Douce R 2000 Interaction between the lipoamide-containing H-protein and the lipoamide dehydrogenase (L-protein) of the glycine decarboxylase multienzyme system. 2. Crystal structures of H- and L-proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 2890-2898.

Fazel A, Guillou Y, Cohen GN 1983 A hybrid proteolytic fragment of Escherichia coli aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I. Structure, inhibition pattern, dissociation properties, and generation of two homodimers. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 13570-13574.

Fazel A, Muller K, Le Bras G, Garel JR, Veron M, Cohen GN 1983 A triglobular model for the polypeptide chain of aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 22: 158-165.

Federici MM, Stadtman ER 1985 Interaction of Cibacron Blue F3GA with glutamine synthetase: use of the dye as a conformational probe. 2. Studies using isolated dye fractions. Biochemistry 24: 661-666.

Feild MJ, Nguyen DC, Armstrong FB 1989 Amino acid sequence of Salmonella typhimurium branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase. Biochemistry 28: 5306-5310.

Feist AM, Palsson BO 2008 The growing scope of applications of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions using Escherichia coli. Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 659-667.

Fell DA, Chassagnole C, Mazat JP 2001 Building a computer simulation of threonine synthesis in Escherichia coli. ICSB 2nd International Conference on Systems Biology, "The Future of Biology in the 21st Century", November 4-7, 2001, California Institute of Technology.

Fell DA, Wagner A 2000 The small world of metabolism. Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 1121-1122.

Feltkamp D, Masterson R, Starke J, Rosahl S 1994 Analysis of the involvement of ocs-like bZip-binding elements in the differential strength of the bidirectional mas1'2' promoter. Plant Physiol. 105: 259-268.

Feng J, Atkinson MR, McCleary W, Stock JB, Wanner BL, Ninfa AJ 1992 Role of phosphorylated metabolic intermediates in the regulation of glutamine synthetase synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 174: 6061-6070.

Feng J, Goss TJ, Bender RA, Ninfa AJ 1995 Activation of transcription initiation from the nac promoter of Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 177: 5523-5534.

Feng L, Prestwich GD 1997 Expression and characterization of a lepidopteran general odorant binding protein. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 27: 405-412.

Feniouk BA, Suzuki T, Yoshida M 2007 Regulatory interplay between proton motive force, ADP, phosphate, and subunit epsilon in bacterial ATP synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 764-772.

Fernandez M, Cuadrado Y, Recio E, Aparicio JF, Martin JF 2002 Characterization of the hom-thrC-thrB cluster in aminoethoxyvinylglycine-producing Streptomyces sp NRRL 5331. Microbiology 148: 1413-1420.

Fernandez M, Kleerebezem M, Kuipers OP, Siezen RJ, van Kranenburg R 2002 Regulation of the metC-cysK operon, involved in sulfur metabolism in Lactococcus lactis. J. Bacteriol. 184: 82-90.

Fernandez M, van Doesburg W, Rutten GAM, Marugg JD, Alting AC, van Kranenburg R, Kuipers OP 2000 Molecular and functional analyses of the metC gene of Lactococcus lactis, encoding cystathionine beta-lyase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 42-48.

Fernandez-Gonzalez C, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Schwarzer A, Schafer A, Kalinowski J, Puhler A, Martin JF 1996 Construction of L-lysine-overproducing strains of Brevibacterium lactofermentum by targeted disruption of the hom and thrB genes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 554-548.

Ferrandez A, Prieto MA, Garcia JL, Diaz E 1997 Molecular characterization of PadA, a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 406: 23-27.

Ferrara P, Duchange N, Zakin MM, Cohen GN 1984 Internal homologies in the two aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli K-12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 3019-3023.

Fiehn O 2001 Combining genomics, metabolome analysis, and biochemical modelling to understand metabolic networks. Comparative & Functional Genomics 2: 155-168.

Field B, Cardon G, Traka M, Botterman J, Vancanneyt G, Mithen R 2004 Glucosinolate and amino acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135: 828-839.

Field SJ, Thorndycroft FH, Matorin AD, Richardson DJ, Watmough NJ 2008 The respiratory nitric oxide reductase (NorBC) from Paracoccus denitrificans. Methods Enzymol. 437: 79-101.

Fierro-Monti IP, Reid SJ, Woods DR 1992 Differential expression of a Clostridium acetobutylicum antisense RNA: implications for regulation of glutamine synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 174: 7642-7647.

Filetici P, Martegani MP, Valenzuela L, Gonzalez A, Ballario P 1996 Sequence of the GLT1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals the domain structure of yeast glutamate synthase. Yeast 12: 1359-1366.

Finke JM, Onuchic JN 2005 Equilibrium and kinetic folding pathways of a TIM barrel with a funneled energy landscape. Biophys. J. 89: 488-505.

Firestine SM, Misialek S, Toffaletti DL, Klem TJ, Perfect JR, Davisson VJ 1998 Biochemical role of the Cryptococcus neoformans ADE2 protein in fungal de novo purine biosynthesis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 351: 123-134.

Fischer E, Sauer U 2003 Metabolic flux profiling of Escherichia coli mutants in central carbon metabolism using GC-MS. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 880-891.

Fisher MT 1992 Promotion of the in vitro renaturation of dodecameric glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli in the presence of GroEL (chaperonin-60) and ATP. Biochemistry 31: 3955-3963.

Fisher MT 1998 GroE chaperonin-assisted folding and assembly of dodecameric glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (Mosc.) 63: 382-398.

Fisher MT, Stadtman ER 1992 Oxidative modification of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Decreases in the thermodynamic stability of protein structure and specific changes in the active site conformation. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 1872-1880.

Fisher R, Tuli R, Haselkorn R 1981 A cloned cyanobacterial gene for glutamine synthetase functions in Escherichia coli, but the enzyme is not adenylylated. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 3393-3397.

Fisher SH 1992 Glutamine synthesis in Streptomyces--a review. Gene 115: 13-17.

Fisher SH, Rosenkrantz MS, Sonenshein AL 1984 Glutamine synthetase gene of Bacillus subtilis. Gene 32: 427-438.

Fitzgerald JR, Musser JM 2001 Evolutionary genomics of pathogenic bacteria. Trends Microbiol. 9: 547-553.

Fleming GA, Hagedorn CH, Granger AS, Phang JM 1984 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate in human plasma. Metabolism 33: 739-742.

Fletcher SA, Csonka LN 1998 Characterization of the induction of increased thermotolerance by high osmolarity in Salmonella. Food Microbiol. 15: 307-317.

Fletcher SA, Rhodes D, Csonka LN 2001 Analysis of the effects of osmoprotectants on the high osmolality-dependent induction of increased thermotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium. Food Microbiol. 18: 345-354.

Fliegmann J, Sandermann H Jr 1997 Maize glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA: a novel plant gene of detoxification. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 843-854.

Flint DH 1996 Escherichia coli contains a protein that is homologous in function and N-terminal sequence to the protein encoded by the nifS gene of Azotobacter vinelandii and that can participate in the synthesis of the Fe-S cluster of dihydroxy-acid dehydratase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16068-16074.

Flint DH, Smyk-Randall E, Tuminello JF, Draczynska-Lusiak B, Brown OR 1993 The inactivation of dihydroxy-acid dehydratase in Escherichia coli treated with hyperbaric oxygen occurs because of the destruction of its Fe-S cluster, but the enzyme remains in the cell in a form that can be reactivated. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 25547-25552.

Flint DH, Tuminello JF, Emptage MH 1993 The inactivation of Fe-S cluster containing hydro-lyases by superoxide. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22369-22376.

Flint DH, Tuminello JF, Miller TJ 1996 Studies on the synthesis of the Fe-S cluster of dihydroxy-acid dehydratase in Escherichia coli crude extract. (contd) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16053-16067.

Flores N, Flores S, Escalante A, de Anda R, Leal L, Malpica R, Georgellis D, Gosset G, Bolivar F 2005 Adaptation for fast growth on glucose by differential expression of central carbon metabolism and gal regulon genes in an Escherichia coli strain lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system. Metab. Eng. 7: 70-87.

Flores N, Xiao J, Berry A, Bolivar F, Valle F 1996 Pathway engineering for the production of aromatic compounds in Escherichia coli. Nat. Biotechnol. 14: 620-623.

Flores S, Gosset G, Flores N, de Graaf AA, Bolivar F 2002 Analysis of carbon metabolism in Escherichia coli strains with an inactive phosphotransferase system by (13)C labeling and NMR spectroscopy. Metab. Eng. 4: 124-137.

Follettie MT, Peoples OP, Agoropoulou C, Sinskey AJ 1993 Gene structure and expression of the Corynebacterium flavum N13 ask-asd operon. J. Bacteriol. 175: 4096-4103.

Follstad BD, Stephanopoulos G 1998 Effect of reversible reactions on isotope label redistribution--analysis of the pentose phosphate pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 252: 360-371.

Fondi M, Brilli M, Fani R 2007 On the origin and evolution of biosynthetic pathways: integrating microarray data with structure and organization of the Common Pathway genes. BMC Bioinformatics 8 Suppl. 1: S12.

Fong RN, Kim KS, Yoshihara C, Inwood WB, Kustu S 2007 The W148L substitution in the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB increases flux and indicates that the substrate is an ion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 18706-18711.

Fong SS, Marciniak JY, Palsson BO 2003 Description and interpretation of adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 by using a genome-scale in silico metabolic model. J. Bacteriol. 185: 6400-6408.

Fong SS, Nanchen A, Palsson BO, Sauer U 2006 Latent pathway activation and increased pathway capacity enable Escherichia coli adaptation to loss of key metabolic enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 8024-8033.

Fong SS, Palsson BO 2004 Metabolic gene-deletion strains of Escherichia coli evolve to computationally predicted growth phenotypes. Nat. Genet. 36: 1056-1058.

Fons M, Cami B, Chippaux M 1991 Possible involvement of a L-delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase in the synthesis of proline in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179: 1088-1094.

Forchhammer K, Hedler A 1997 Phosphoprotein PII from cyanobacteria--analysis of functional conservation with the PII signal-transduction protein from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 244: 869-875.

Forchhammer K, Hedler A, Strobel H, Weiss V 1999 Heterotrimerization of PII-like signalling proteins: implications for PII-mediated signal transduction systems. Mol. Microbiol. 33: 338-349.

Forchhammer K, Irmler A, Kloft N, Ruppert U 2004 P-II signalling in unicellular cyanobacteria: analysis of redox-signals and energy charge. Physiol. Plant. 120: 51-56.

Forde BG 2000 Nitrate transporters in plants: structure, function and regulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1465: 219-235.

Forlani G, Scainelli D, Nielsen E 1997 Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase from cultured cells of potato: purification and properties. Plant Physiol. 113: 1413-1418.

Forsberg J, Strom J, Kieselbach T, Larsson H, Alexciev K, Engstrom A, Akerlund HE 2005 Protease activities in the chloroplast capable of cleaving an LHCII N-terminal peptide. Physiol. Plant. 123: 21-29.

Forster J, Famili I, Fu P, Palsson BO, Nielsen J 2003 Genome-scale reconstruction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network. Genome Res. 13: 244-253.

Foster JW, Moreno M 1999 Inducible acid tolerance mechanisms in enteric bacteria. Novartis Found. Symp. 221: 55-69.

Foster R, Thorner J, Martin GS 1989 Nucleotidylation, not phosphorylation, is the major source of the phosphotyrosine detected in enteric bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 171: 272-279.

Foster WB, Griffith MJ, Kingdon HS 1981 Affinity labeling of the active site of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 882-886.

Fotheringham IG, Grinter N, Pantaleone DP, Senkpeil RF, Taylor PP 1999 Engineering of a novel biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of L-2-aminobutyric acid in Escherichia coli K12. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7: 2209-2213.

Fouad WM, Rathinasabapathi B 2006 Expression of bacterial L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase in tobacco increases beta-alanine and pantothenate levels and improves thermotolerance. Plant Mol. Biol. 60: 495-505.

Fougere F, Le Rudulier D 1990 Glycine betaine biosynthesis and catabolism in bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti - effect of salt stress. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136: 2503-2510.

Fraissinet-Tachet L, Baltz R, Chong J, Kauffmann S, Fritig B, Saindrenan P 1998 Two tobacco genes induced by infection, elicitor and salicylic acid encode glucosyltransferases acting on phenylpropanoids and benzoic acid derivatives, including salicylic acid. FEBS Lett. 437: 319-323.

Francklyn C, Adams J, Augustine J 1998 Catalytic defects in mutants of class II histidyl-tRNA synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium previously linked to decreased control of histidine biosynthesis regulation. J. Mol. Biol. 280: 847-858.

Frank L, Ranhand B 1964 Proline metabolism in Escherichia coli. III. The proline catabolic pathway. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 107: 323-331.

Frankard V, Vauterin M, Jacobs M 1997 Molecular characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA coding for a monofunctional aspartate kinase. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 233-242.

Frasca V, Banerjee RV, Dunham WR, Sands RH, Matthews RG 1988 Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase from Escherichia coli B: electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the inactive form and the active methylated form of the enzyme. Biochemistry 27: 8458-8465.

Frendo P, Jimenez MJ, Mathieu C, Duret L, Gallesi D, Van De Sype G, Herouart D, Puppo A 2001 A Medicago truncatula homoglutathione synthetase is derived from glutathione synthetase by gene duplication. Plant Physiol. 126: 1706-1715.

Fresquet V, Mora P, Rochera L, Ramon-Maiques S, Rubio V, Cervera J 2000 Site-directed mutagenesis of the regulatory domain of Escherichia coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase identifies crucial residues for allosteric regulation and for transduction of the regulatory signals. J. Mol. Biol. 299: 979-991.

Frey AD, Fiaux J, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K, Bailey JE, Kallio PT 2001 Dissection of central carbon metabolism of hemoglobin-expressing Escherichia coli by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance flux distribution analysis in microaerobic bioprocesses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 680-687.

Frey B, Janel G, Michelsen U, Kersten H 1989 Mutations in the Escherichia coli fnr and tgt genes: control of molybdate reductase activity and the cytochrome d complex by fnr. J. Bacteriol. 171: 1524-1530.

Frey PA 2001 Radical mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70: 121-148.

Fridman E, Wang J, Iijima Y, Froehlich JE, Gang DR, Ohlrogge J, Pichersky E 2005 Metabolic, genomic, and biochemical analyses of glandular trichomes from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon hirsutum identify a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of methylketones. Plant Cell 17: 1252-1267.

Frisch DA, Tommey AM, Gengenbach BG, Somers DA 1991 Direct genetic selection of a maize cDNA for dihydrodipicolinate synthase in an Escherichia coli dapA- auxotroph. Mol. Gen. Genet. 228: 287-293.

Frodyma ME, Downs D 1998 The panE gene, encoding ketopantoate reductase, maps at 10 minutes and is allelic to apbA in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4757-4759.

Froman BE, Edwards PC, Bursch AG, Dehesh K 2000 ACX3, a novel medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A oxidase from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 123: 733-742.

Frommer WB, Kwart M, Hirner B, Fischer WN, Hummel S, Ninnemann O 1994 Transporters for nitrogenous compounds in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 1651-1670.

Frost JW, Draths KM 1995 Biocatalytic syntheses of aromatics from D-glucose: renewable microbial sources of aromatic-compounds. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49: 557-579.

Frueauf JB, Ballicora MA, Preiss J 2003 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from potato tuber: site-directed mutagenesis of homologous aspartic acid residues in the small and large subunits. Plant J. 33: 503-511.

Fry B, Zhu T, Domach MM, Koepsel RR, Phalakornkule C, Ataai MM 2000 Characterization of growth and acid formation in a Bacillus subtilis pyruvate kinase mutant. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 4045-4049.

Fu TF, Boja ES, Safo MK, Schirch V 2003 Role of proline residues in the folding of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 31088-31094.

Fu Y, Ballicora MA, Preiss J 1998 Mutagenesis of the glucose-1-phosphate-binding site of potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Plant Physiol. 117: 989-996.

Fu YH, Marzluf GA 1990 Site-directed mutagenesis of the 'zinc finger' DNA-binding domain of the nitrogen-regulatory protein NIT2 of Neurospora. Mol. Microbiol. 4: 1847-1852.

Fuchs RL, Madonna MJ, Brenchley JE 1982 Identification of the structural genes for glutamate synthase and genetic characterization of this region of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome. J. Bacteriol. 149: 906-915.

Fuchs TM, Schneider B, Krumbach K, Eggeling L, Gross R 2000 Characterization of a Bordetella pertussis diaminopimelate (DAP) biosynthesis locus identifies dapC, a novel gene coding for an N-succinyl-L,L-DAP aminotransferase. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3626-3631.

Fuhrmann M, Oertel W, Hegemann P 1999 A synthetic gene coding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a versatile reporter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 19: 353-361.

Fujii T, Mukaihara M, Agematu H, Tsunekawa H 2002 Biotransformation of L-lysine to L-pipecolic acid catalyzed by L-lysine 6-aminotransferase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 622-627.

Fujii T, Narita T, Agematu H, Agata N, Isshiki K 2000 Characterization of L-lysine 6-aminotransferase and its structural gene from Flavobacterium lutescens IFO3084. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 128: 391-397.

Fujimori K, Ohta D 1998 Isolation and characterization of a histidine biosynthetic gene in Arabidopsis encoding a polypeptide with two separate domains for phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase and phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase. Plant Physiol. 118: 275-283.

Fujio T, Maruyama A 1997 Enzymatic production of pyrimidine nucleotides using Corynebacterium ammoniagenes cells and recombinant Escherichia coli cells: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid and choline chloride (Part I). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61: 956-959.

Fujio T, Teshiba S, Maruyama A 1997 Construction of a plasmid carrying both CTP synthetase and a fused gene formed from cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase genes and its application to industrial CDP-choline production… Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61: 960-964.

Fujita S, Ohnishi T, Watanabe B, Yokota T, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Yoshida S, Sakata K, Mizutani M 2006 Arabidopsis CYP90B1 catalyses the early C-22 hydroxylation of C27, C28 and C29 sterols. Plant J. 45: 765-774.

Fujitani Y, Nakajima N, Ishihara K, Oikawa T, Ito K, Sugimoto M 2006 Molecular and biochemical characterization of a serine racemase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 67: 668-674.

Fujiwara H, Tanaka Y, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Nakao M, Fukui Y, Yamaguchi M, Ashikari T, Kusumi T 1998 cDNA cloning, gene expression and subcellular localization of anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase from Gentiana triflora. Plant J. 16: 421-431.

Fujiwara T, Hori K, Ozaki K, Yokota Y, Mitsuya S, Ichiyanagi T, Hattori T, Takabe T 2008 Enzymatic characterization of peroxisomal and cytosolic betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases in barley. Physiol. Plant. May 30 [Epub ahead of print].

Fukuda A, Okada Y, Suzui N, Fujiwara T, Yoneyama T, Hayashi H 2004 Cloning and characterization of the gene for a phloem-specific glutathione S-transferase from rice leaves. Physiol. Plant. 120: 595-602.

Funanage VL, Brenchley JE 1977 Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity. Genetics 86: 513-526.

Fung E, Wong WW, Suen JK, Bulter T, Lee SG, Liao JC 2005 A synthetic gene-metabolic oscillator. Nature 435: 118-122.

Furano AV, Wittel FP 1977 Effect of the relA gene on derepression of amino acid biosynthetic enzymes in growing Escherichia coli depends on the pathway being derepressed. J. Bacteriol. 132: 352-355.

Furumoto T, Hata S, Izui K 1999 cDNA cloning and characterization of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a bundle sheath cell-specific enzyme. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 301-311.

Gabrielsen M, Bond CS, Hallyburton I, Hecht S, Bacher A, Eisenreich W, Rohdich F, Hunter WN 2004 Hexameric assembly of the bifunctional IspDF and protein-protein associations in the deoxy-xylulose dependent pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 52753-52761.

Gaille C, Kast P, Haas D 2002 Salicylate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Purification and characterization of PchB, a novel bifunctional enzyme displaying isochorismate pyruvate-lyase and chorismate mutase activities. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 21768-21775.

Gakiere B, Denis L, Droux M, Job D 2002 Over-expression of cystathionine gamma-synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to increased levels of methionine and S- methylmethionine. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40: 119-126.

Galili S, Guenoune D, Wininger S, Hana B, Schupper A, Ben-Dor B, Kapulnik Y 2000 Enhanced levels of free and protein-bound threonine in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) expressing a bacterial feedback-insensitive aspartate kinase gene. Transgenic Res. 9: 137-144.

Gallagher DT, Eisenstein E, Fisher KE, Zondlo J, Chinchilla D, Yu HD, Dill J, Winborne E, Ducote K, Xiao G, Gilliland GL 1998 Polymorphous crystallization and diffraction of threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 54: 467-469.

Gallagher DT, Gilliland GL, Xiao G, Zondlo J, Fisher KE, Chinchilla D, Eisenstein E 1998 Structure and control of pyridoxal phosphate dependent allosteric threonine deaminase. Structure 6: 465-475.

Gallego ME, Sirand-Pugnet P, White CI 1999 Positive-negative selection and T-DNA stability in Arabidopsis transformation. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 83-93.

Galloway GL, Malmberg RL, Price RA 1998 Phylogenetic utility of the nuclear gene arginine decarboxylase: An example from Brassicaceae. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 1312-1320.

Galperin MY, Grishin NV 2000 The synthetase domains of cobalamin biosynthesis amidotransferases CobB and CobQ belong to a new family of ATP-dependent amidoligases, related to dethiobiotin synthetase. Proteins 41: 238-247.

Gamper H, Moses V 1974 Enzyme organization in the proline biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 354: 75-87.

Gang DR, Kasahara H, Xia ZQ, Vander Mijnsbrugge K, Bauw G, Boerjan W, Van Montagu M, Davin LB, Lewis NG 1999 Evolution of plant defense mechanisms. Relationships of phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductases to pinoresinol-lariciresinol and isoflavone reductases. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 7516-7527.

Gang DR, Lavid N, Zubieta C, Chen F, Beuerle T, Lewinsohn E, Noel JP, Pichersky E 2002 Characterization of phenylpropene O-methyltransferases from sweet basil: facile change of substrate specificity and convergent evolution within a plant O-methyltransferase family. Plant Cell 14: 505-519.

Gao Y, Schofield OM, Leustek T 2000 Characterization of sulfate assimilation in marine algae focusing on the enzyme 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Plant Physiol. 123: 1087-1096.

Garcia E, Bancroft S, Rhee SG, Kustu S 1977 The product of a newly identified gene, glnF, is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1662-1666.

Garcia E, Rhee SG 1983 Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Purification and properties of PII uridylyltransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 2246-2253.

Garcia I, Rodgers M, Pepin R, Hsieh TF, Matringe M 1999 Characterization and subcellular compartmentation of recombinant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Arabidopsis in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol. 119: 1507-1516.

Garcia JL, Gonzalez de Buitrago G, Barbero JL 1985 Hyperproduction of L-proline in Escherichia coli. Microbiologia 1: 43-51.

Garcia-Alles LF, Navdaeva V, Haenni S, Erni B 2002 The glucose-specific carrier of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4969-4980.

Garcia-Dominguez M, Florencio FJ 1997 Nitrogen availability and electron transport control the expression of glnB gene (encoding PII protein) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 723-734.

Garcia-Dominguez M, Reyes JC, Florencio FJ 1999 Glutamine synthetase inactivation by protein-protein interaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96: 7161-7166.

Garcia-Dominguez M, Reyes JC, Florencio FJ 1997 Purification and characterization of a new type of glutamine synthetase from cyanobacteria. Eur. J. Biochem. 244: 258-264.

Garcia-Gonzalez V, Govantes F, Shaw LJ, Burns RG, Santero E 2003 Nitrogen control of atrazine utilization in Pseudomonas sp strain ADP. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 6987-6993.

Garcia-Ojalvo J, Elowitz MB, Strogatz SH 2004 Modeling a synthetic multicellular clock: repressilators coupled by quorum sensing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 10955-10960.

Garcia-Ortiz MV, Ariza RR, Hoffman PD, Hays JB, Roldan-Arjona T 2004 Arabidopsis thaliana AtPOLK encodes a DinB-like DNA polymerase that extends mispaired primer termini and is highly expressed in a variety of tissues. Plant J. 39: 84-97.

Garcia-Ortiz MV, Ariza RR, Roldan-Arjona T 2001 An OGG1 orthologue encoding a functional 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase/lyase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 795-804.

Garcia-Rios M, Fujita T, LaRosa PC, Locy RD, Clithero JM, Bressan RA, Csonka LN 1997 Cloning of a polycistronic cDNA from tomato encoding gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 8249-8254.

Garcia-Rodriguez FM, Zekri S, Toro N 2000 Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti genes encoding a functional dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dapA) and dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dapB). Arch. Microbiol. 173: 438-444.

Garciadeblas B, Benito B, Rodriguez-Navarro A 2002 Molecular cloning and functional expression in bacteria of the potassium transporters CnHAK1 and CnHAK2 of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 623-633.

Garciadeblas B, Haro R, Benito B 2007 Cloning of two SOS1 transporters from the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. SOS1 transporters from Cymodocea and Arabidopsis mediate potassium uptake in bacteria. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 479-490.

Gardner TS, Cantor CR, Collins JJ 2000 Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature 403: 339-342.

Gardner TS, di Bernardo D, Lorenz D, Collins JJ 2003 Inferring genetic networks and identifying compound mode of action via expression profiling. Science 301: 102-105.

Garg AK, Kim JK, Owens TG, Ranwala AP, Choi YD, Kochian LV, Wu RJ 2002 Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 15898-15903.

Garner RM, Fulkerson J Jr, Mobley HL 1998 Helicobacter pylori glutamine synthetase lacks features associated with transcriptional and posttranslational regulation. Infect. Immun. 66: 1839-1847.

Garrido-Franco M, Ehlert S, Messerschmidt A, Marinkovic S, Huber R, Laber B, Bourenkov GP, Clausen T 2002 Structure and function of threonine synthase from yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 12396-12405.

Garrity LF, Schiel SL, Merrill R, Reizer J, Saier MH Jr, Ordal GW 1998 Unique regulation of carbohydrate chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system and the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein McpC. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4475-4480.

Garrow TA 1996 Purification, kinetic properties, and cDNA cloning of mammalian betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 22831-22838.

Garrow TA, Brenner AA, Whitehead VM, Chen XN, Duncan RG, Korenberg JR, Shane B 1993 Cloning of human cDNAs encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferases and chromosomal localization. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 11910-11916.

Garwe D, Thomson JA, Mundree SG 2003 Molecular characterization of XVSAP1, a stress-responsive gene from the resurrection plant Xerophyta viscosa Baker. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 191-201.

Garzon A, Li J, Flores A, Casadesus J, Stewart V 1992 Molybdenum cofactor (chlorate-resistant) mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al can use hypoxanthine as the sole nitrogen source. J. Bacteriol. 174: 6298-6302.

Gates AJ, Hughes RO, Sharp SR, Millington PD, Nilavongse A, Cole JA, Leach ER, Jepson B, Richardson DJ, Butler CS 2003 Properties of the periplasmic nitrate reductases from Paracoccus pantotrophus and Escherichia coli after growth in tungsten-supplemented media. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 220: 261-269.

Gatti DL, Tzagoloff A 1991 Structure and evolution of a group of related aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J. Mol. Biol. 218: 557-568.

Gaulin E, Drame N, Lafitte C, Torto-Alalibo T, Martinez Y, Ameline-Torregrosa C, Khatib M, Mazarguil H, Villalba-Mateos F, Kamoun S, Mazars C, Dumas B, Bottin A, Esquerre-Tugaye MT, Rickauer M 2006 Cellulose binding domains of a Phytophthora cell wall protein are novel pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Plant Cell 18: 1766-1777.

Gauthier MJ, Flatau GN, Le Rudulier D, Clement RL, Combarro Combarro MP 1991 Intracellular accumulation of potassium and glutamate specifically enhances survival of Escherichia coli in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 272-276.

Gavidia I, Perez-Bermudez P, Seitz HU 2002 Cloning and expression of two novel aldo-keto reductases from Digitalis purpurea leaves. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2842-2850.

Gavira M, Roldan MD, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C 2002 Regulation of nap gene expression and periplasmic nitrate reductase activity in the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM158. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1693-1702.

Gawronski JD, Benson DR 2004 Microtiter assay for glutamine synthetase biosynthetic activity using inorganic phosphate detection. Anal. Biochem. 327: 114-118.

Ge X, Wang H, Cao K 2008 Transformation by T-DNA integration causes highly sterile phenotype independent of transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 1341-1348.

Gebhardt JS, Wadsworth GJ, Matthews BF 1998 Characterization of a single soybean cDNA encoding cytosolic and glyoxysomal isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 99-108.

Geck MK, Kirsch JF 1999 A novel, definitive test for substrate channeling illustrated with the aspartate aminotransferase/malate dehydrogenase system. Biochemistry 38: 8032-8037.

Gee R, Goyal A, Byerrum RU, Tolbert NE 1993 Two isoforms of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase from the chloroplasts of Dunaliella tertiolecta. Plant Physiol. 103: 243-249.

Geerlof A, Lewendon A, Shaw WV 1999 Purification and characterization of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 27105-27111.

Geerts A, Feltkamp D, Rosahl S 1994 Expression of lipoxygenase in wounded tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Plant Physiol. 105: 269-277.

Geigenberger P, Hajirezaei M, Geiger M, Deiting U, Sonnewald U, Stitt M 1998 Overexpression of pyrophosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis, increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of nucleotides in growing potato tubers. Planta 205: 428-437.

Geiger LE, Morris DR 1980 Stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication fork movement by spermidine analogs in polyamine-deficient Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 141: 1192-1198.

Ger YM, Chen SL, Chiang HJ, Shiuan D 1994 A single Ser-180 mutation desensitizes feedback inhibition of the phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetase in Escherichia coli. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 116: 986-990.

Gerasimenko I, Sheludko Y, Ma X, Stockigt J 2002 Heterologous expression of a Rauvolfia cDNA encoding strictosidine glucosidase, a biosynthetic key to over 2000 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2204-2213.

Gerdes HH, Kindl H 1988 Gene response upon illumination in forming mRNA encoding peroxisomal glycollate oxidase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 949: 195-205.

Gerdes SY, Kurnasov OV, Shatalin K, Polanuyer B, Sloutsky R, Vonstein V, Overbeek R, Osterman AL 2006 Comparative genomics of NAD biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3012-3023.

Gerdes SY, Scholle MD, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Baev MV, Farrell M, Kurnasov OV, Daugherty MD, Mseeh F, Polanuyer BM, Campbell JW, Anantha S, Shatalin KY, Chowdhury SA, Fonstein MY, Osterman AL 2002 From genetic footprinting to antimicrobial drug targets: examples in cofactor biosynthetic pathways. J. Bacteriol. 184: 4555-4572.

Gerhardt S, Echt S, Busch M, Freigang J, Auerbach G, Bader G, Martin WF, Bacher A, Huber R, Fischer M 2003 Structure and properties of an engineered transketolase from maize. Plant Physiol. 132: 1941-1949.

Gething MJ, Davidson BE 1976 Chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli K12. 2. Evidence for identical subunits catalysing the two activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 71: 327-336.

Ghanem M, Fan F, Francis K, Gadda G 2003 Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of recombinant choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiform. Biochemistry 42: 15179-15188.

Ghim CM, Goh KI, Kahng B 2005 Lethality and synthetic lethality in the genome-wide metabolic network of Escherichia coli. J. Theor. Biol. 237: 401-411.

Ghislain M, Frankard V, Jacobs M 1995 A dinucleotide mutation in dihydrodipicolinate synthase of Nicotiana sylvestris leads to lysine overproduction. Plant J. 8: 733-743.

Ghislain M, Frankard V, Vandenbossche D, Matthews BF, Jacobs M 1994 Molecular analysis of the aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 835-851.

Ghosh R, Biswas S, Roy S 1998 An apyrase from Mimosa pudica contains N5,N10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate and is stimulated by light. Eur. J. Biochem. 258: 1009-1013.

Ghrist AC, Stauffer GV 1995 The Escherichia coli glycine transport system and its role in the regulation of the glycine cleavage enzyme system. Microbiology 141: 133-140.

Giaever HM, Styrvold OB, Kaasen I, Strom AR 1988 Biochemical and genetic characterization of osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 170: 2841-2849.

Giddings G, Allison G, Brooks D, Carter A 2000 Transgenic plants as factories for biopharmaceuticals. Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 1151-1155.

Giermann N, Schroder M, Ritter T, Zrenner R 2002 Molecular analysis of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in solanaceous species. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 393-403.

Gilberthorpe NJ, Poole RK 2008 Nitric oxide homeostasis in Salmonella typhimurium: roles of respiratory nitrate reductase and flavohemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 11146-11154.

Gill RT, Valdes JJ, Bentley WE 2000 A comparative study of global stress gene regulation in response to overexpression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 2: 178-189.

Gilmour SJ, Lin C, Thomashow MF 1996 Purification and properties of Arabidopsis thaliana COR (cold-regulated) gene polypeptides COR15am and COR6.6 expressed in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 111: 293-299.

Ginsburg A, Gorman EG, Neece SH, Blackburn MB 1987 Thermodynamics of active-site ligand binding to Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 26: 5989-5996.

Ginsburg A, Zolkiewski M 1991 Differential scanning calorimetry study of reversible, partial unfolding transitions in dodecameric glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 30: 9421-9429.

Giordani R, Buc J 2004 Evidence for two different electron transfer pathways in the same enzyme, nitrate reductase A from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 2400-2407.

Giordano G, Boxer DH, Pommier J 1990 Molybdenum cofactor requirement for in vitro activation of apo-molybdoenzymes of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 4: 645-650.

Giordano G, Violet M, Medani CL, Pommier J 1984 A common pathway for the activation of several molybdoenzymes in Escherichia coli K12. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 798: 216-225.

Gisselmann G, Klausmeier P, Schwenn JD 1993 The ferredoxin:sulphite reductase gene from Synechococcus PCC7942. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1144: 102-106.

Giulivi C, Traaseth NJ, Davies KJA 2003 Tyrosine oxidation products: analysis and biological relevance. Amino Acids 25: 227-232.

Glaser P, Danchin A, Kunst F, Zuber P, Nakano MM 1995 Identification and isolation of a gene required for nitrate assimilation and anaerobic growth of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 177: 1112-1115.

Gleason FK, Holmgren A 1988 Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 4: 271-297.

Goda S, Kojima M, Nishikawa Y, Kujo C, Kawakami R, Kuramitsu S, Sakuraba H, Hiragi Y, Ohshima T 2005 Intersubunit interaction induced by subunit rearrangement is essential for the catalytic activity of the hyperthermophilic glutamate dehydrogenase from Pyrobaculum islandicum. Biochemistry 44: 15304-15313.

Godard KA, Byun-McKay A, Levasseur C, Plant A, Seguin A, Bohlmann J 2007 Testing of a heterologous, wound- and insect-inducible promoter for functional genomics studies in conifer defense. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 2083-2090.

Goddijn OJ, Verwoerd TC, Voogd E, Krutwagen RW, de Graaf PT, van Dun K, Poels J, Ponstein AS, Damm B, Pen J 1997 Inhibition of trehalase activity enhances trehalose accumulation in transgenic plants. Plant Physiol. 113: 181-190.

Goepfert S, Vidoudez C, Rezzonico E, Hiltunen JK, Poirier Y 2005 Molecular identification and characterization of the Arabidopsis delta(3,5),delta(2,4)-dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase, a peroxisomal enzyme participating in the {beta}-oxidation cycle of unsaturated fatty acids. Plant Physiol. 138: 1947-1956.

Goerke AR, Loening AM, Gambhir SS, Swartz JR 2008 Cell-free metabolic engineering promotes high-level production of bioactive Gaussia princeps luciferase. Metab. Eng. 10: 187-200.

Goffner D, Van Doorsselaere J, Yahiaoui N, Samaj J, Grima-Pettenati J, Boudet AM 1998 A novel aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase in higher plants: molecular cloning and expression. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 755-765.

Gokarn RR, Eiteman MA, Altman E 2000 Metabolic analysis of Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of the carboxylating enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 1844-1850.

Goldemberg SH, Algranati ID 1977 Polyamines and protein synthesis: studies in various polyamine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli. Mol. Cell Biochem. 16: 71-77.

Golovko A, Sitbon F, Tillberg E, Nicander B 2002 Identification of a tRNA isopentenyltransferase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 161-169.

Golovleva L, Golovlev E 2000 Microbial cellular biology and current problems of metabolic engineering. J. Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic 10: 5-21.

Gomez-Baena G, Diez J, Garcia-Fernandez JM, El Alaoui S, Humanes L 2001 Regulation of glutamine synthetase by metal-catalyzed oxidative modification in the marine oxyphotobacterium Prochlorococcus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1568: 237-244.

Gomi K, Yamamato H, Akimitsu K 2003 Epoxide hydrolase: a mRNA induced by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata on rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush). Plant Mol. Biol. 53: 189-199.

Gomord V, Faye L 2004 Posttranslational modification of therapeutic proteins in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7: 171-181.

Gong D, Gong Z, Guo Y, Zhu JK 2002 Expression, activation, and biochemical properties of a novel Arabidopsis protein kinase. Plant Physiol. 129: 225-234.

Gong D, Guo Y, Jagendorf AT, Zhu JK 2002 Biochemical characterization of the Arabidopsis protein kinase SOS2 that functions in salt tolerance. Plant Physiol. 130: 256-264.

Gonzalez C, Brito N, Marzluf GA 1995 Functional analysis by site-directed mutagenesis of individual amino acid residues in the flavin domain of Neurospora crassa nitrate reductase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 249: 456-464.

Gonzalez CF, Proudfoot M, Brown G, Korniyenko Y, Mori H, Savchenko AV, Yakunin AF 2006 Molecular basis of formaldehyde detoxification: characterization of two S-formylglutathione hydrolases from Escherichia coli, FrmB and YeiG. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 14514-14522.

Gonzalez JC, Banerjee RV, Huang S, Sumner JS, Matthews RG 1992 Comparison of cobalamin-independent and cobalamin-dependent methionine synthases from Escherichia coli: two solutions to the same chemical problem. Biochemistry 31: 6045-6056.

Gonzalez JC, Peariso K, Penner-Hahn JE, Matthews RG 1996 Cobalamin-independent methionine synthase from Escherichia coli: a zinc metalloenzyme. Biochemistry 35: 12228-12234.

Gonzalez R, Murarka A, Dharmadi Y, Yazdani SS 2008 A new model for the anaerobic fermentation of glycerol in enteric bacteria: trunk and auxiliary pathways in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. May 27 [Epub ahead of print].

Gonzalez R, Tao H, Purvis JE, York SW, Shanmugam KT, Ingram LO 2003 Gene array-based identification of changes that contribute to ethanol tolerance in ethanologenic Escherichia coli: comparison of KO11 (parent) to LY01 (resistant mutant). Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 612-623.

Gonzalez R, Tao H, Shanmugam KT, York SW, Ingram LO 2002 Global gene expression differences associated with changes in glycolytic flux and growth rate in Escherichia coli during the fermentation of glucose and xylose. Biotechnol. Prog. 18: 6-20.

Gonzalez-Lergier J, Broadbelt LJ, Hatzimanikatis V 2006 Anlysis of the maximum theoretical yield for the synthesis of erythromycin precursors in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 95: 638-644.

Gonzalez-Segura L, Velasco-Garcia R, Rudino-Pinera E, Mujica-Jimenez C, Munoz-Clares RA 2005 Site-directed mutagenesis and homology modeling indicate an important role of cysteine 439 in the stability of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochimie 87: 1056-1064.

Goodacre R, Neal MJ, Kell DB 1994 Rapid and quantitative analysis of the pyrolysis mass spectra of complex binary and tertiary mixtures using multivariate calibration and artificial neural networks. Anal. Chem. 66: 1070-1085.

Goodacre R, Neal MJ, Kell DB 1996 Quantitative analysis of multivariate data using artificial neural networks: a tutorial review and applications to the deconvolution of pyrolysis mass spectra. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 284: 516-539.

Goodman HJ, Woods DR 1993 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gene encoding a type III glutamine synthetase. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 1487-1493.

Goss TJ, Perez-Matos A, Bender RA 2001 Roles of glutamate synthase, gltBD, and gltF in nitrogen metabolism of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 183: 6607-6619.

Goude R, Renaud S, Bonnassie S, Bernard T, Blanco C 2004 Glutamine, glutamate, and alpha-glucosylglycerate are the major osmotic solutes accumulated by Erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 6535-6541.

Gouesbet G, Abaibou H, Wu LF, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Blanco C 1993 Osmotic repression of anaerobic metabolic systems in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 175: 214-221.

Gouesbet G, Jebbar M, Talibart R, Bernard T, Blanco C 1994 Pipecolic acid is an osmoprotectant for Escherichia coli taken up by the general osmoporters ProU and ProP. Microbiology 140: 2415-2422.

Gouesbet G, Trautwetter A, Bonnassie S, Wu LF, Blanco C 1996 Characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi osmoprotectant transporter gene ousA. J. Bacteriol. 178: 447-455.

Gouffi K, Pica N, Pichereau V, Blanco C 1999 Disaccharides as a new class of nonaccumulated osmoprotectants for Sinorhizobium meliloti. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1491-1500.

Goulding CW, Matthews RG 1997 Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase from Escherichia coli: involvement of zinc in homocysteine activation. Biochemistry 36: 15749-15757.

Gowrishankar J 1989 Nucleotide sequence of the osmoregulatory proU operon of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171: 1923-1931.

Gowrishankar J, Jayashree P, Rajkumari K 1986 Molecular cloning of an osmoregulatory locus in Escherichia coli: increased proU gene dosage results in enhanced osmotolerance. J. Bacteriol. 168: 1197-1204.

Gowrishankar J, Manna D 1996 How is osmotic regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli proU operon achieved? A review and a model. Genetica 97: 363-378.

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD 2007 Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 232-242.

Goyer A, Illarionova V, Roje S, Fischer M, Bacher A, Hanson AD 2004 Folate biosynthesis in higher plants. cDNA cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of dihydroneopterin aldolases. Plant Physiol. 135: 103-111.

Goyer A, Johnson TL, Olsen LJ, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Rhodes D, Hanson AD 2004 Characterization and metabolic function of a peroxisomal sarcosine and pipecolate oxidase from Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 16947-16953.

Grabbe R, Kuhn A, Schmitz RA 2001 Cloning, sequencing and characterization of Fnr from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 79: 319-326.

Grabbe R, Schmitz RA 2003 Oxygen control of nif gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae depends on NifL reduction at the cytoplasmic membrane by electrons derived from the reduced quinone pool. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 1555-1566.

Graber R, Kasper P, Malashkevich VN, Strop P, Gehring H, Jansonius JN, Christen P 1999 Conversion of aspartate aminotransferase into an L-aspartate beta-decarboxylase by a triple active-site mutation. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 31203-31208.

Graciet E, Lebreton S, Camadro JM, Gontero B 2003 Characterization of native and recombinant A4 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Kinetic evidence for confromation changes upon association with the small protein CP12. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 129-136.

Graeme-Cook KA 1991 The regulation of porin expression in Escherichia coli: effect of turgor stress. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 63: 219-223.

Graham SB, Stephenson JT, Wood JM 1984 Proline dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K12. Reconstitution of a functional membrane association. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 2656-2661.

Grant MM, Brown AS, Corwin LM, Troxler RF, Franzblau C 1975 Effect of L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid on growth and proline metabolism in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 404: 180-187.

Grassl G, Bufe B, Muller B, Rosel M, Kleiner D 1999 Characterization of the gltF gene product of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 79-84.

Gray JV, Golinelli-Pimpaneau B, Knowles JR 1990 Monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis: purification of the protein, molecular cloning of the gene, and overexpression of the gene product in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 29: 376-383.

Greene RC, Smith AA 1984 Insertion mutagenesis of the metJBLF gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12:evidence for an metBL operon. J. Bacteriol. 159: 767-769.

Greenler JM, Sloan JS, Schwartz BW, Becker WM 1989 Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase from cucumber. Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 139-150.

Greenshields DL, Liu G, Selvaraj G, Wei Y 2005 Differential regulation of wheat quinone reductases in response to powdery mildew infection. Planta 222: 867-875.

Gregerson RG, Miller SS, Twary SN, Gantt JS, Vance CP 1993 Molecular characterization of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase from alfalfa nodules. Plant Cell 5: 215-226.

Griesser M, Vitzthum F, Fink B, Bellido ML, Raasch C, Munoz-Blanco J, Schwab W 2008 Multi-substrate flavonol O-glucosyltransferases from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) achene and receptacle. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2611-2625.

Griessler R, Schwarz A, Mucha J, Nidetzky B 2003 Tracking interactions that stabilize the dimer structure of starch phosphorylase from Corynebacterium callunae. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 2126-2136.

Griffin HG, Gasson MJ 1995 The gene (aroK) encoding shikimate kinase I from Escherichia coli. DNA Seq. 5: 195-197.

Griffin HG, Griffin AM 1991 Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the serC-aroA operon from Salmonella gallinarum; evolutionary relationships between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic aroA-encoded enzymes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137: 113-121.

Griffiths L, Cole JA 1987 Lack of redox control of the anaerobically-induced nirB+ gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Arch. Microbiol. 147: 364-369.

Grimm B 1990 Primary structure of a key enzyme in plant tetrapyrrole synthesis: glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87: 4169-4173.

Grimm B, Smith AJ, Kannangara CG, Smith M 1991 Gabaculine-resistant glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase of Synechococcus. Deletion of a tripeptide close to the NH2 terminus and internal amino acid substitution. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 12495-12501.

Gross F, Luniak N, Perlova O, Gaitatzis N, Jenke-Kodama H, Gerth K, Gottschalk D, Dittmann E, Muller R 2006 Bacterial type III polyketide synthases: phylogenetic analysis and potential for the production of novel secondary metabolites by heterologous expression in pseudomonads. Arch. Microbiol. 185: 28-38.

Gross R, Pisa R, Sanger M, Lancaster CRD, Simon J 2004 Characterization of the menaquinone reduction site in the diheme cytochrome b membrane anchor of Wolinella succinogenes NiFe-hydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 274-281.

Grossmann K, Herbster K, Mack M 2000 Rapid cloning of metK encoding methionine adenosyltransferase from Corynebacterium glutamicum by screening a genomic library on a high density colony-array. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 193: 99-103.

Grothe S, Krogsrud RL, McClellan DJ, Milner JL, Wood JM 1986 Proline transport and osmotic stress response in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 166: 253-259.

Gruez A, Roig-Zamboni V, Grisel S, Salomoni A, Valencia C, Campanacci V, Tegoni M, Cambillau C 2004 Crystal structure and kinetics identify Escherichia coli YdcW gene product as a medium-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase. J. Mol. Biol. 343: 29-41.

Gruys KJ, Walker MC, Sikorski JA 1992 Substrate synergism and the steady-state kinetic reaction mechanism for EPSP synthase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 31: 5534-5544.

Gu L, Lajoie C, Kelly C 2003 Expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 1403-1409.

Gu YQ, Walling LL 2002 Identification of residues critical for activity of the wound-induced leucine aminopeptidase (LAP-A) of tomato. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1630-1640.

Gu ZJ, Wang L, Le Rudulier D, Zhang B, Yang SS 2008 Characterization of the glycine betainebiosynthetic genes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus dabanensis D-8(T). Curr. Microbiol. Jul 26 [Epub ahead of print].

Guan HP, Baba T, Preiss J 1994 Expression of branching enzyme I of maize endosperm in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 104: 1449-1453.

Guan Y, Ramalingam S, Nagegowda D, Taylor PW, Chye ML 2008 Brassica juncea chitinase BjCHI1 inhibits growth of fungal phytopathogens and agglutinates Gram-negative bacteria. J. Exp. Bot. Jul 31 [Epub ahead of print].

Guedon E, Moore CM, Que Q, Wang T, Ye RW, Helmann JD 2003 The global transcriptional response of Bacillus subtilis to manganese involves the MntR, Fur, TnrA and sigma(B) regulons. Mol. Microbiol. 49: 1477-1491.

Guerreiro P, Barreiros T, Soares H, Cyrne L, Maia e Silva A, Rodrigues-Pousada C 1996 Sequencing of a 17.6 kb segment on the right arm of yeast chromosome VII reveals 12 ORFs, including CCT, ADE3 and TR-I genes, homologues of the yeast PMT and EF1G genes, of the human and bacterial … Yeast 12: 273-280.

Guet CC, Elowitz MB, Hsing W, Leibler S 2002 Combinatorial synthesis of genetic networks. Science 296: 1466-1470.

Guigliarelli B, Magalon A, Asso M, Bertrand P, Frixon C, Giordano G, Blasco F 1996 Complete coordination of the four Fe-S centers of the beta subunit from Escherichia coli nitrate reductase. Physiological, biochemical, and EPR characterization of site-directed mutants lacking the highest or lowest potential [4Fe-4S] clusters. Biochemistry 35: 4828-4836.

Guignard L, Ozawa K, Pursglove SE, Otting G, Dixon NE 2002 NMR analysis of in vitro-synthesized proteins without purification: a high-throughput approach. FEBS Lett. 524: 159-162.

Guillouet S, Rodal AA, An G, Lessard PA, Sinskey AJ 1999 Expression of the Escherichia coli catabolic threonine dehydratase in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its effect on isoleucine production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3100-3107.

Gunasekera TS, Csonka LN, Paliy O 2008 Genome-wide transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli K-12 to continuous osmotic and heat stresses. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3712-3720.

Guo N, Puhlev I, Brown DR, Mansbridge J, Levine F 2000 Trehalose expression confers desiccation tolerance on human cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 168-171.

Guranowski A, de Diego A, Sillero A, Gunther Sillero MA 2004 Uridine 5'-polyphosphates (p4U and p5U) and uridine(5')polyphospho(5')nucleosides (Up(n)Ns) can be synthesized by UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 561: 83-88.

Guterman I, Shalit M, Menda N, Piestun D, Dafny-Yelin M, Shalev G, Bar E, Davydov O, Ovadis M, Emanuel M, Wang J, Adam Z, Pichersky E, Lewinsohn E, Zamir D, Vainstein A, Weiss D 2002 Rose scent: genomics approach to discovering novel floral fragrance-related genes. Plant Cell 14: 2325-2338.

Gutheil WG, Holmquist B, Vallee BL 1992 Purification, characterization, and partial sequence of the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: a class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 31: 475-481.

Guthrie TA, Apgar GA, Griswold KE, Lindemann MD, Radcliffe JS, Jacobson BN 2004 Nutritional value of a corn containing a glutamate dehydrogenase gene for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 1693-1698.

Gutierrez JA, Crowley PJ, Cvitkovitch DG, Brady LJ, Hamilton IR, Hillman JD, Bleiweis AS 1999 Streptococcus mutans ffh, a gene encoding a homologue of the 54 kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle, is involved in resistance to acid stress. Microbiology 145: 357-366.

Gutierrez JA, Csonka LN 1995 Isolation and characterization of adenylate kinase (adk) mutations in Salmonella typhimurium which block the ability of glycine betaine to function as an osmoprotectant. J. Bacteriol. 177: 390-400.

Gutierrez-Marcos JF, Roberts MA, Campbell EI, Wray JL 1996 Three members of a novel small gene-family from Arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an Escherichia coli mutant defective in PAPS reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and "APS reductase" activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 13377-13382.

Gwyer JD, Zhang J, Butt JN, Ulstrup J 2006 Voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy of cytochrome c nitrite reductase on Au(111)-electrodes. Biophys. J. 91: 3897-3906.

Ha SB, Smith AP, Howden R, Dietrich WM, Bugg S, O'Connell MJ, Goldsbrough PB, Cobbett CS 1999 Phytochelatin synthase genes from Arabidopsis and the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Plant Cell 11: 1153-1164.

Haardt M, Bremer E 1996 Use of phoA and lacZ fusions to study the membrane topology of ProW, a component of the osmoregulated ProU transport system of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5370-5381.

Haardt M, Kempf B, Faatz E, Bremer E 1995 The osmoprotectant proline betaine is a major substrate for the binding-protein-dependent transport system ProU of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 246: 783-786.

Hacham Y, Avraham T, Amir R 2002 The N-terminal region of Arabidopsis cystathionine gamma-synthase plays an important regulatory role in methionine metabolism. Plant Physiol. 128: 454-462.

Hadfield A, Kryger G, Ouyang J, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Viola R 1999 Structure of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli, a key enzyme in the aspartate family of amino acid biosynthesis. J. Mol. Biol. 289: 991-1002.

Haenzelmann P, Hernandez HL, Menzel C, Garcia-Serres R, Huynh BH, Johnson MK, Mendel RR, Schindelin H 2004 Characterization of MOCS1A, an oxygen-sensitive iron-sulfur protein involved in human molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 34721-34732.

Hafner EW, Tabor CW, Tabor H 1979 Mutants of Escherichia coli that do not contain 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) or spermidine. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 12419-12426.

Hafner EW, Tabor CW, Tabor H 1977 Isolation of a metK mutant with a temperature-sensitive S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 132: 832-840.

Hagemann M, Schoor A, Jeanjean R, Zuther E, Joset F 1997 The stpA gene form Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 encodes the glucosylglycerol-phosphate phosphatase involved in cyanobacterial osmotic response to salt shock. J. Bacteriol. 179: 1727-1733.

Haghani K, Hatef Salmanian A, Ranjbar B, Zakikhan-Alang K, Khajeh K 2008 Comparative studies of wild type Escherichia coli 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase with three glyphosate-insensitive mutated forms: Activity, stability and structural characterization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1784: 1167-1175.

Hagishita T, Yoshida T, Izumi Y, Mitsunaga T 1996 Cloning and expression of the gene for serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2. Eur. J. Biochem. 241: 1-5.

Hahn FM, Hurlburt AP, Poulter CD 1999 Escherichia coli open reading frame 696 is idi, a nonessential gene encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. J. Bacteriol. 181: 4499-4504.

Hall DA, Jordan-Starck TC, Loo RO, Ludwig ML, Matthews RG 2000 Interaction of flavodoxin with cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. Biochemistry 39: 10711-10719.

Hall DA, Vander Kooi CW, Stasik CN, Stevens SY, Zuiderweg ER, Matthews RG 2001 Mapping the interactions between flavodoxin and its physiological partners flavodoxin reductase and cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 9521-9526.

Halsall DM 1975 Overproduction of lysine by mutant strains of Escherichia coli with defective lysine transport systems. Biochem. Genet. 13: 109-124.

Hama H, Kayahara T, Tsuda M, Tsuchiya T 1991 Inhibition of homoserine dehydrogenase I by L-serine in Escherichia coli. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 109: 604-608.

Hama H, Sumita Y, Kakutani Y, Tsuda M, Tsuchiya T 1990 Target of serine inhibition in Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168: 1211-1216.

Hamada A, Hibino T, Nakamura T, Takabe T 2001 Na(+)/H(+) antiporter from Synechocystis species PCC 6803, homologous to SOS1, contains an aspartic residue and long C-terminal tail important for the carrier activity. Plant Physiol. 125: 437-446.

Hammarstrom A, Soliman A, Nordlund S 1991 Low- and high-activity forms of glutamine synthetase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: sensitivity to feed-back effectors and activation of the low-activity form. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1080: 259-263.

Han SJ, Chang HN, Lee J 2001 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the nar promoter of Escherichia coli, to utilize in metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 72: 573-576.

Handrick R, Reinhardt S, Schultheiss D, Reichart T, Schuler D, Jendrossek V, Jendrossek D 2004 Unraveling the function of the Rhodospirillum rubrum activator of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation: the activator is a PHB-granule-bound protein (phasin). J. Bacteriol. 186: 2466-2475.

Hanlon MH, Ferone R, Weaver K, Ray P 1994 Enzymatic synthesis of folate and antifolate polyglutamates with Escherichia coli folylpolyglutamate synthetase. Anal. Biochem. 216: 345-351.

Hanlon SP, Hill TK, Flavell MA, Stringfellow JM, Cooper RA 1997 2-phenylethylamine catabolism by Escherichia coli K-12: gene organization and expression. Microbiology 143: 513-518.

Hannaert V, Albert MA, Rigden DJ, da Silva Giotto MT, Thiemann O, Garratt RC, Van Roy J, Opperdoes FR, Michels PA 2003 Kinetic characterization, structure modelling studies and crystallization of Trypanosoma brucei enolase. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3205-3213.

Hans J, Hause B, Strack D, Walter MH 2004 Cloning, characterization, and immunolocalization of a mycorrhiza-inducible 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase in arbuscule-containing cells of maize. Plant Physiol. 134: 614-624.

Hansen CH, Du L, Naur P, Olsen CE, Axelsen KB, Hick AJ, Pickett JA, Halkier BA 2001 CYP83b1 is the oxime-metabolizing enzyme in the glucosinolate pathway in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 24790-24796.

Hansen CH, Wittstock U, Olsen CE, Hick AJ, Pickett JA, Halkier BA 2001 Cytochrome P450 CYP79F1 from Arabidopsis catalyzes the conversion of dihomomethionine and trihomomethionine to the corresponding aldoximes in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 11078-11085.

Hansen J, Johannesen PF 2000 Cysteine is essential for transcriptional regulation of the sulfur assimilation genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 263: 535-542.

Hanson AD, Rathinasabapathi B, Chamberlin B, Gage DA 1991 Comparative physiological evidence that beta-alanine betaine and choline-O-sulfate act as compatible osmolytes in halophytic Limonium species. Plant Physiol. 97: 1199-1205.

Hansson M, Gough SP, Kannangara CG, vonWettstein D 1997 Analysis of RNA and enzymes of potential importance for regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in the protochlorophyllide accumulating barley mutant tigrina-d(12). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 35: 827-836.

Hantke K 2003 Is the bacterial ferrous iron transporter FeoB a living fossil? Trends Microbiol. 11: 192-195.

Hanzawa Y, Takahashi T, Michael AJ, Burtin D, Long D, Pineiro M, Coupland G, Komeda Y 2000 ACAULIS5, an Arabidopsis gene required for stem elongation, encodes a spermine synthase. EMBO J. 19: 4248-4256.

Hao R, Schmit JC 1993 Cloning of the gene for glutamate decarboxylase and its expression during conidiation in Neurospora crassa. Biochem. J. 293: 735-738.

Hara KY, Shimodate N, Ito M, Baba T, Mori H, Mori H 2008 Systematic genome-wide scanning for genes involved in ATP generation in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. Jul 26 [Epub ahead of print].

Hara M, Terashima S, Fukaya T, Kuboi T 2003 Enhancement of cold tolerance and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by citrus dehydrin in transgenic tobacco. Planta 217: 290-298.

Harborne NR, Griffiths L, Busby SJ, Cole JA 1992 Transcriptional control, translation and function of the products of the five open reading frames of the Escherichia coli nir operon. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 2805-2813.

Hardin A, Villalta CF, Doan M, Jabri M, Chockalingham V, White SJ, Fowler RG 2007 A molecular characterization of spontaneous frameshift mutagenesis within the trpA gene of Escherichia coli. DNA Repair (Amst.) 6: 177-189.

Hardin SC, Duncan KA, Huber SC 2006 Determination of structural requirements and probable regulatory effectors for membrane association of maize sucrose synthase 1. Plant Physiol. 141: 1106-1119.

Harker M, Bramley PM 1999 Expression of prokaryotic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphatases in Escherichia coli increases carotenoid and ubiquinone biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 448: 115-119.

Harms K, von Ballmoos P, Brunold C, Hofgen R, Hesse H 2000 Expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase in transgenic potato plants leads to increased levels of cysteine and glutathione. Plant J. 22: 335-343.

Harms N, Ras J, Reijnders WN, van Spanning RJ, Stouthamer AH 1996 S-formylglutathione hydrolase of Paracoccus denitrificans is homologous to human esterase D: a universal pathway for formaldehyde detoxification? J. Bacteriol. 178: 6296-6299.

Harn C, Knight M, Ramakrishnan A, Guan H, Keeling PL, Wasserman BP 1998 Isolation and characterization of the zSSIIa and zSSIIb starch synthase cDNA clones from maize endosperm. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 639-649.

Harper AD, Bar-Peled M 2002 Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose. Cloning and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis gene family, UXS, encoding soluble and putative membrane-bound UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase isoforms. Plant Physiol. 130: 2188-2198.

Harris LM, Blank L, Desai RP, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET 2001 Fermentation characterization and flux analysis of recombinant strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum with an inactivated solR gene. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27: 322-328.

Harris RL, Eady RR, Samar Hasnain S, Gary Sawers R 2006 Coordinate synthesis of azurin I and copper nitrite reductase in Alcaligenes xylosoxidans during denitrification. Arch. Microbiol. 186: 241-249.

Harrod AC, Yang X, Junker M, Reitzer L 2004 Evidence for a second interaction between the regulatory amino-terminal and central output domains of the response regulator NtrC (nitrogen regulator I) in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 2350-2359.

Hart EJ, Powers-Lee SG 2008 Mutation analysis of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: does the structurally conserved glutamine amidotransferase triad act as a functional dyad? Protein Sci. 17: 1120-1128.

Harth G, Horwitz MA 1997 Expression and efficient export of enzymatically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase in Mycobacterium smegmatis and evidence that the information for export is contained within the protein. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 22728-22735.

Hartig E, Schiek U, Vollack KU, Zumft WG 1999 Nitrate and nitrite control of respiratory nitrate reduction in denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri by a two-component regulatory system homologous to NarXL of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3658-3665.

Hashiguchi K, Matsui H, Kurahashi O 1999 Effects of a feedback-resistant aspartokinase III gene on L-isoleucine production in Escherichia coli K-12. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63: 2023-2024.

Hashiguchi K, Takesada H, Suzuki E, Matsui H 1999 Construction of an L-isoleucine overproducing strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63: 672-679.

Hashimoto T, Shoji T, Mihara T, Oguri H, Tamaki K, Suzuki K, Yamada Y 1998 Intraspecific variability of the tandem repeats in Nicotiana putrescine N-methyltransferases Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 25-37.

Haslekas C, Viken MK, Grini PE, Nygaard V, Nordgard SH, Meza TJ, Aalen RB 2003 Seed 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin antioxidants are not involved in dormancy, but contribute to inhibition of germination during stress. Plant Physiol. 133: 1148-1157.

Hasona A, Ray RM, Shanmugam KT 1998 Physiological and genetic analyses leading to identification of a biochemical role for the moeA (molybdate metabolism) gene product in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1466-1472.

Hasona A, Self WT, Shanmugam KT 2001 Transcriptional regulation of the moe (molybdate metabolism) operon of Escherichia coli. Arch. Microbiol. 175: 178-188.

Hasslacher M, Schall M, Hayn M, Griengl H, Kohlwein SD, Schwab H 1996 Molecular cloning of the full-length cDNA of (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis. Functional expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active site residue. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 5884-5891.

Hatten LA, Schweizer HP, Averill N, Wang L, Schryvers AB 1993 Cloning and characterization of the Neisseria meningitidis asd gene. Gene 129: 123-128.

Hatzfeld Y, Lee S, Lee M, Leustek T, Saito K 2000 Functional characterization of a gene encoding a fourth ATP sulfurylase isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 248: 51-58.

Hatzimanikatis V, Emmerling M, Sauer U, Bailey JE 1998 Application of mathematical tools for metabolic design of microbial ethanol production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 154-161.

Hause B, Meyer K, Viitanen PV, Chapple C, Strack D 2002 Immunolocalization of 1-O-sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 215: 26-32.

Haverkamp T, Schwenn JD 1999 Structure and function of a cysBJIH gene cluster in the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Microbiology 145: 115-125.

Hawkes TR, Thomas PG, Edwards LS, Rayner SJ, Wilkinson KW, Rice DW 1995 Purification and characterization of the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from recombinant Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 306: 385-397.

Hayashi M, De Bellis L, Alpi A, Nishimura M 1995 Cytosolic aconitase participates in the glyoxylate cycle in etiolated pumpkin cotyledons. Plant Cell Physiol. 36: 669-680.

Hayzer DJ 1983 Sub-cloning of the wild-type proAB region of the Escherichia coli genome. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129: 3215-3225.

Hayzer DJ, Leisinger T 1981 Proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Stoichiometry and end-product identification of the reaction catalysed by glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Biochem. J. 197: 269-274.

Hayzer DJ, Leisinger T 1982 Proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: Purification and characterisation of glutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Eur. J. Biochem. 121: 561-565.

Hayzer DJ, Leisinger T 1980 The gene-enzyme relationships of proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 118: 287-293.

Hayzer DJ, Moses V 1978 The enzymes of proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Their molecular weights and the problem of enzyme aggregation. Biochem. J. 173: 219-228.

Hayzer DJ, Moses V 1978 Proline biosynthesis by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli and potential errors arising from the use of a bioradiological assay procedure. Biochem. J. 173: 207-217.

Haziza C, Stragier P, Patte JC 1982 Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Escherichia coli: absence of a typical attenuation signal. EMBO J. 1: 379-384.

He L, Soupene E, Kustu S 1997 NtrC is required for control of Klebsiella pneumoniae NifL activity. J. Bacteriol. 179: 7446-7455.

He XZ, Reddy JT, Dixon RA 1998 Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). XXII. cDNA cloning and characterization of an elicitor-inducible isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 43-54.

He Y, Gan S 2002 A gene encoding an acyl hydrolase is involved in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14: 805-815.

He Z, Nadeau LJ, Spain JC 2000 Characterization of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from pNBZ139 cloned from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 a highly associated SDS-stable enzyme catalyzing an intramolecular transfer of hydroxy groups. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 1110-1116.

Heck IS, Ninnemann H 1995 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: biochemical characterization of pleiotropic molybdoenzyme mutants nit-7, nit-8, nit-9A, B and C. Photochem. Photobiol. 61: 54-60.

Heeb S, Kuehne SA, Bycroft M, Crivii S, Allen MD, Haas D, Camara M, Williams P 2006 Functional analysis of the post-transcriptional regulator RsmA reveals a novel RNA-binding site. J. Mol. Biol. 355: 1026-1036.

Heermann R, Jung K 2004 Structural features and mechanisms for sensing high osmolarity in microorganisms. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7: 168-174.

Heilbronn J, Wilson J, Berger BJ 1999 Tyrosine aminotransferase catalyzes the final step of methionine recycling in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1739-1747.

Helfert C, Gotsche S, Dahl MK 1995 Cleavage of trehalose-phosphate in Bacillus subtilis is catalysed by a phospho-alpha-(1-1)-glucosidase encoded by the treA gene. Mol. Microbiol. 16: 111-120.

Hell R 1997 Molecular physiology of plant sulfur metabolism. Planta 202: 138-148.

Helleboid S, Chapman A, Hendriks T, Inze D, Vasseur J, Hilbert JL 2000 Cloning of beta-1,3-glucanases expressed during Cichorium somatic embryogenesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 377-386.

Hellens RP, Edwards EA, Leyland NR, Bean S, Mullineaux PM 2000 pGreen: a versatile and flexible binary Ti vector for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 819-832.

Heller JS, Rostomily R, Kyriakidis DA, Canellakis ES 1983 Regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by basic proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 5181-5184.

Helling RB 1998 Pathway choice in glutamate synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4571-4575.

Helling RB 2002 Speed versus efficiency in microbial growth and the role of parallel pathways. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1041-1045.

Helling RB 1994 Why does Escherichia coli have two primary pathways for synthesis of glutamate? J. Bacteriol. 176: 4664-4668.

Hellmer J, Patzold R, Zeilinger C 2002 Identification of a pH regulated Na+/H+ antiporter of Methanococcus jannaschii. FEBS Lett. 527: 245-249.

Helmstaedt K, Krappmann S, Braus GH 2001 Allosteric regulation of catalytic activity: Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase versus yeast chorismate mutase. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65: 404-421.

Hemschemeier S, Grund M, Keuntje B, Eichenlaub R 1991 Isolation of Escherichia coli mutants defective in uptake of molybdate. J. Bacteriol. 173: 6499-6506.

Henne A, Daniel R, Schmitz RA, Gottschalk G 1999 Construction of environmental DNA libraries in Escherichia coli and screening for the presence of genes conferring utilization of 4-hydroxybutyrate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3901-3907.

Herbette S, Lenne C, Leblanc N, Julien JL, Drevet JR, Roeckel-Drevet P 2002 Two GPX-like proteins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helianthus annuus are antioxidant enzymes with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2414-2420.

Herd S, Christensen MJ, Saunders K, Scott DB, Schmid J 1997 Quantitative assessment of in planta distribution of metabolic activity and gene expression of an endophytic fungus. Microbiology 143: 267-275.

Herl V, Fischer G, Muller-Uri F, Kreis W 2006 Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of progesterone 5beta-reductase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Phytochemistry 67: 225-231.

Hernandez-Montalvo V, Martinez A, Hernandez-Chavez G, Bolivar F, Valle F, Gosset G 2003 Expression of galP and glk in a Escherichia coli PTS mutant restores glucose transport and increases glycolytic flux to fermentation products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 687-694.

Hernando-Rico V, Martin JF, Santamarta I, Liras P 2001 Structure of the ask-asd operon and formation of aspartokinase subunits in the cephamycin producer 'Amycolatopsis lactamdurans'. Microbiology 147: 1547-1555.

Herrgard MJ, Covert MW, Palsson BO 2003 Reconciling gene expression data with known genome-scale regulatory network structures. Genome Res. 13: 2423-2434.

Herring PA, McKnight BL, Jackson JH 1995 Channeling behavior and activity models for Escherichia coli K-12 acetohydroxy acid synthases at physiological substrate levels. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 207: 48-54.

Herrington MB, MacRae TJ, Panagopoulos D, Wong SH 2002 A mutation in the folA promoter delays adaptation to minimal medium by Escherichia coli K-12. J. Basic Microbiol. 42: 172-180.

Hersh BM, Farooq FT, Barstad DN, Blankenhorn DL, Slonczewski JL 1996 A glutamate-dependent acid resistance gene in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 3978-3981.

Hershey HP, Schwartz LJ, Gale JP, Abell LM 1999 Cloning and functional expression of the small subunit of acetolactate synthase from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 795-806.

Hertweck C, Jarvis AP, Xiang LK, Moore BS, Oldham NJ 2001 A mechanism of benzoic acid biosynthesis in plants and bacteria that mirrors fatty acid beta-oxidation. Chembiochem. 2: 784-787.

Hess WR, Steglich C, Lichtle C, Partensky F 1999 Phycoerythrins of the oxyphotobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus are associated to the thylakoid membrane and are encoded by a single large gene cluster. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 507-521.

Hesslinger C, Fairhurst SA, Sawers G 1998 Novel keto acid formate-lyase and propionate kinase enzymes are components of an anaerobic pathway in Escherichia coli that degrades L-threonine to propionate. Mol. Microbiol. 27: 477-492.

Hester G, Stark W, Moser M, Kallen J, Markovic-Housley Z, Jansonius JN 1999 Crystal structure of phosphoserine aminotransferase from Escherichia coli at 2.3 A resolution: comparison of the unligated enzyme and a complex with alpha-methyl-L-glutamate. J. Mol. Biol. 286: 829-850.

Hettwer S, Sterner R 2002 A novel tryptophan synthase beta-subunit from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima - Quaternary structure, steady-state kinetics, and putative physiological role. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 8194-8201.

Hewagama A, Guy HI, Chaparian M, Evans DR 1998 The function of Glu338 in the catalytic triad of the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase amidotransferase domain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1388: 489-499.

Hewagama A, Guy HI, Vickrey JF, Evans DR 1999 Functional linkage between the glutaminase and synthetase domains of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Role of serine 44 in carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate carbamoyltransferase-dihydroorotase (cad). J. Biol. Chem. 274: 28240-28245.

Hey TD, Hartley M, Walsh TA 1995 Maize ribosome-inactivating protein (b-32). Homologs in related species, effects on maize ribosomes, and modulation of activity by pro-peptide deletions. Plant Physiol. 107: 1323-1332.

Hibi N, Higashiguchi S, Hashimoto T, Yamada Y 1994 Gene expression in tobacco low-nicotine mutants. Plant Cell 6: 723-735.

Hibi T, Nii H, Nakatsu T, Kimura A, Kato H, Hiratake J, Oda J 2004 Crystal structure of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase: insights into the mechanism of catalysis by a key enzyme for glutathione homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 15052-15057.

Hibino T, Kaku N, Yoshikawa H, Takabe T, Takabe T 1999 Molecular characterization of DnaK from the halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica for ATPase, protein folding, and copper binding under various salinity conditions. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 409-418.

Hibino T, Meng YL, Kawamitsu Y, Uehara N, Matsuda N, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa H, Baba S, Takabe T, Wada K, Ishii T, Takabe T 2001 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two kinds of betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase in betaine-accumulating mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 353-363.

Hicks MG, de Leeuw E, Porcelli I, Buchanan G, Berks BC, Palmer T 2003 The Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocase: conserved residues of TatA and TatB family components involved in protein transport. FEBS Lett. 539: 61-67.

Hieber AD, Bugos RC, Verhoeven AS, Yamamoto HY 2002 Overexpression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase: properties of C-terminal deletions on activity and pH-dependent lipid binding. Planta 214: 476-483.

Higo K, Higo H 1996 Cloning and characterization of the rice CatA catalase gene, a homologue of the maize Cat3 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 505-521.

Higuchi K, Suzuki K, Nakanishi H, Yamaguchi H, Nishizawa NK, Mori S 1999 Cloning of nicotianamine synthase genes, novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores. Plant Physiol. 119: 471-480.

Hill CM, Duggleby RG 1998 Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli acetohydroxyacid synthase isoenzyme II and characterization of three herbicide-insensitive forms. Biochem. J. 335: 653-661.

Hill CM, Duggleby RG 1999 Purified recombinant Escherichia coli ketol-acid reductoisomerase is unsuitable for use in a coupled assay of acetohydroxyacid synthase activity due to an unexpected side reaction. Protein Expr. Purif. 15: 57-61.

Hill CM, Pang SS, Duggleby RG 1997 Purification of Escherichia coli acetohydroxyacid synthase isoenzyme II and reconstitution of active enzyme from its individual pure subunits. Biochem. J. 327: 891-898.

Hillar A, Culham DE, Vernikovska YI, Wood JM, Boggs JM 2005 Formation of an antiparallel, intermolecular coiled coil is associated with in vivo dimerization of osmosensor and osmoprotectant transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 44: 15636.

Hillar A, Culham DE, Vernikovska YI, Wood JM, Boggs JM 2005 Formation of an antiparallel, intermolecular coiled coil is associated with in vivo dimerization of osmosensor and osmoprotectant transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 44: 10170-10180.

Hiltonen T, Bjorkbacka H, Forsman C, Clarke AK, Samuelsson G 1998 Intracellular beta-carbonic anhydrase of the unicellular green alga Coccomyxa. Cloning of the cDNA and characterization of the functional enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 117: 1341-1349.

Hinchman SK, Henikoff S, Schuster SM 1992 A relationship between asparagine synthetase A and aspartyl tRNA synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 144-149.

Hinchman SK, Schuster SM 1992 Overproduction, preparation of monoclonal antibodies and purification of E. coli asparagine synthetase A. Protein Eng. 5: 279-283.

Hinshelwood S, Stoker NG 1992 Cloning of mycobacterial histidine synthesis genes by complementation of a Mycobacterium smegmatis auxotroph. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 2887-2895.

Hiraga K, Yamagishi A, Oshima T 2004 Mapping of unit boundaries of a protein: exhaustive search for permissive sites for duplication by complementation analysis of random fragment libraries of tryptophan synthase alpha subunit. J. Mol. Biol. 335: 1093-1104.

Hirani TA, Suzuki I, Murata N, Hayashi H, Eaton-Rye JJ 2001 Characterization of a two-component signal transduction system involved in the induction of alkaline phosphatase under phosphate-limiting conditions in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 133-144.

Hirano N, Sawasaki T, Tozawa Y, Endo Y, Takai K 2006 Tolerance for random recombination of domains in prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation systems: limited interdomain misfolding in a eukaryotic translation system. Proteins 64: 343-354.

Hirasawa T, Wachi M, Nagai K 2000 A mutation in the Corynebacterium glutamicum itsA gene causes susceptibility to lysozyme, temperature-sensitive growth, and L-glutamate production. J. Bacteriol. 182: 2696-2701.

Hirayama T, Ohto C, Mizoguchi T, Shinozaki K 1995 A gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is induced by dehydration and salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 3903-3907.

Hirner AA, Seitz HU 2000 Isoforms of chalcone synthase in Daucus carota L. and their differential expression in organs from the European wild carrot and in ultraviolet-A-irradiated cell cultures. Planta 210: 993-998.

Hirotani M, Kuroda R, Suzuki H, Yoshikawa T 2000 Cloning and expression of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase from hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis. Planta 210: 1006-1013.

Hirschberg J 2001 Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4: 210-218.

Hmida-Sayari A, Gargouri-Bouzid R, Bidani A, Jaoua L, Savoure A, Jaoua S 2005 Overexpression of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers salt tolerance in transgenic potato plants. Plant Sci. 169: 746-752.

Ho CL, Noji M, Saito K 1999 Plastidic pathway of serine biosynthesis. Molecular cloning and expression of 3-phosphoserine phosphatase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 11007-11012.

Ho CL, Noji M, Saito M, Saito K 1999 Regulation of serine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Crucial role of plastidic 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in non-photosynthetic tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 397-402.

Ho CL, Saito K 2001 Molecular biology of the plastidic phosphorylated serine biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Amino Acids 20: 243-259.

Hoang TT, Schweizer HP 1997 Identification and genetic characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa leuB gene encoding 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 254: 166-170.

Hoang TT, Williams S, Schweizer HP, Lam JS 1997 Molecular genetic analysis of the region containing the essential Pseudomonas aeruginosa asd gene encoding aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Microbiology 143: 899-907.

Hochuli M, Szyperski T, Wuthrich K 2000 Deuterium isotope effects on the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli cells grown on a D2O-containing minimal medium. J. Biomol. NMR 17: 33-42.

Hocker B, Beismann-Driemeyer S, Hettwer S, Lustig A, Sterner R 2001 Dissection of a (beta alpha)(8)-barrel enzyme into two folded halves. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8: 32-36.

Hoelscher DJ, Williams DC, Wildung MR, Croteau R 2003 A cDNA clone for 3-carene synthase from Salvia stenophylla( small star, filled ). Phytochemistry 62: 1081-1086.

Hoff T, Schnorr KM, Meyer C, Caboche M 1995 Isolation of two Arabidopsis cDNAs involved in early steps of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis by functional complementation of Escherichia coli mutants. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 6100-6107.

Hohn MJ, Park HS, O'donoghue P, Schnitzbauer M, Soll D 2006 Emergence of the universal genetic code imprinted in an RNA record. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 18095-18100.

Holden C 2002 CELL BIOLOGY: Alliance launched to model E. coli. Science 297: 1459-1460.

Holms H 2001 Flux analysis: a basic tool of microbial physiology. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 45: 271-340.

Holms H 1996 Flux analysis and control of the central metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 19: 85-116.

Holmstrom KO, Somersalo S, Mandal A, Palva TE, Welin B 2000 Improved tolerance to salinity and low temperature in transgenic tobacco producing glycine betaine. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 177-185.

Holmstrom KO, Welin B, Mandal A, Kristiansdottir I, Teeri TH, Lamark T, Strom AR, Palva ET 1994 Production of the Escherichia coli betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, in transgenic plants. Plant J. 6: 749-758.

Holtmann G, Bremer E 2004 Thermoprotection of Bacillus subtilis by exogenously provided glycine betaine and structurally related compatible solutes: Involvement of Opu transporters. J. Bacteriol. 186: 1683-1693.

Hong MC, Wu ML, Chang MC 1999 Cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of Acinetobacter radioresistens CMC-1 AglyA gene encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 170: 413-418.

Hong NN, Yang G, Li J, Zhang YP, Li JL 2008 Rapid determination of L-glutamine using engineered Escherichia coli overexpressing glutamine synthetase. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Aug 19 [Epub ahead of print].

Hong SH, Lee SY 2000 Metabolic flux distribution in a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain producing succinic acid. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10: 496-501.

Hong SH, Lee SY 2001 Metabolic flux analysis for succinic acid production by recombinant Escherichia coli with amplified malic enzyme activity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 74: 89-95.

Hong SH, Park SJ, Moon SY, Park JP, Lee SY 2003 In silico prediction and validation of the importance of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 854-863.

Hoover DM, Jarrett JT, Sands RH, Dunham WR, Ludwig ML, Matthews RG 1997 Interaction of Escherichia coli cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and its physiological partner flavodoxin: binding of flavodoxin leads to axial ligand dissociation from the cobalamin cofactor. Biochemistry 36: 127-138.

Hopkins L, Parmar S, Blaszczyk A, Hesse H, Hoefgen R, Hawkesford MJ 2005 O-Acetylserine and the regulation of expression of genes encoding components for sulfate uptake and assimilation in potato. Plant Physiol. 138: 433-440.

Hopkins S, Schirch V 1986 Properties of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase in which an active site histidine has been changed to an asparagine by site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 3363-3369.

Hopkins S, Schirch V 1986 Properties of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase in which an active site histidine has been changed to an asparagine by site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 3363-3369.

Horlacher R, Boos W 1997 Characterization of TreR, the major regulator of the Escherichia coli trehalose system. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 13026-13032.

Horlacher R, Peist R, Boos W 1996 Improved method for the preparative synthesis of labeled trehalose of high specific activity by Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 3861-3863.

Horlacher R, Uhland K, Klein W, Ehrmann M, Boos W 1996 Characterization of a cytoplasmic trehalase of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 6250-6257.

Horling F, Lamkemeyer P, Konig J, Finkemeier I, Kandlbinder A, Baier M, Dietz KJ 2003 Divergent light-, ascorbate-, and oxidative stress-dependent regulation of expression of the peroxiredoxin gene family in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 317-325.

Horn C, Bremer E, Schmitt L 2003 Nucleotide dependent monomer/dimer equilibrium of OpuAA, the nucleotide- binding protein of the osmotically regulated ABC transporter OpuA from Bacillus subtilis. J. Mol. Biol. 334: 403-419.

Horvath MM, Grishin NV 2001 The C-terminal domain of HPII catalase is a member of the type I glutamine amidotransferase superfamily. Proteins 42: 230-236.

Hoshino T, Kosuge T, Hidaka Y, Tabata K, Nakahara T 1994 Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the proC gene encoding delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from an extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199: 410-417.

Hosted TJ, Rochefort DA, Benson DR 1993 Close linkage of genes encoding glutamine synthetases I and II in Frankia alni CpI1. J. Bacteriol. 175: 3679-3684.

Houben E, de Gier JW, van Wijk KJ 1999 Insertion of leader peptidase into the thylakoid membrane during synthesis in a chloroplast translation system. Plant Cell 11: 1553-1564.

Houde M, Dhindsa RS, Sarhan F 1992 A molecular marker to select for freezing tolerance in Gramineae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 234: 43-48.

Houssin C, Eynard N, Shechter E, Ghazi A 1991 Effect of osmotic pressure on membrane energy-linked functions in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1056: 76-84.

Howe GA, Lee GI, Itoh A, Li L, DeRocher AE 2000 Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of oxylipins in tomato. Cloning and expression of allene oxide synthase and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase. Plant Physiol. 123: 711-724.

Howell DM, Graupner M, Xu H, White RH 2000 Identification of enzymes homologous to isocitrate dehydrogenase that are involved in coenzyme B and leucine biosynthesis in methanoarchaea. J. Bacteriol. 182: 5013-5016.

Hsieh MH, Goodman HM 2006 Functional evidence for the involvement of Arabidopsis IspF homolog in the nonmevalonate pathway of plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis. Planta 223: 779-784.

Hsieh MH, Goodman HM 2005 The Arabidopsis IspH homolog is involved in the plastid nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 138: 641-653.

Hsieh MH, Lam HM, van de Loo FJ, Coruzzi G 1998 A PII-like protein in Arabidopsis: putative role in nitrogen sensing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 13965-13970.

Hsing YC, Tsou CH, Hsu TF, Chen ZY, Hsieh KL, Hsieh JS, Chow TY 1998 Tissue- and stage-specific expression of a soybean (Glycine max L.) seed-maturation, biotinylated protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 481-490.

Hu CA, Delauney AJ, Verma DP 1992 A bifunctional enzyme (delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) catalyzes the first two steps in proline biosynthesis in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 9354-9358.

Hu CA, Lin WW, Valle D 1996 Cloning, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 9795-9800.

Hu L, Lu H, Liu Q, Chen X, Jiang X 2005 Overexpression of mtlD gene in transgenic Populus tomentosa improves salt tolerance through accumulation of mannitol. Tree Physiol. 25: 1273-1281.

Hu LA, King SC 1999 Identification of the amine-polyamine-choline transporter superfamily 'consensus amphipathic region' as the target for inactivation of the Escherichia coli GABA transporter GabP by thiol modification reagents. Biochem. J. 339: 649-655.

Hu WJ, Kawaoka A, Tsai CJ, Lung J, Osakabe K, Ebinuma H, Chiang VL 1998 Compartmentalized expression of two structurally and functionally distinct 4-coumarate:CoA ligase genes in aspen (Populus tremuloides). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 5407-5412.

Hu X, Reddy AS 1997 Cloning and expression of a PR5-like protein from Arabidopsis: inhibition of fungal growth by bacterially expressed protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 949-959.

Hua Q, Joyce AR, Fong SS, Palsson BO 2006 Metabolic analysis of adaptive evolution for in silico designed lactate-producing strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 95: 992-1002.

Hua Q, Yang C, Oshima T, Mori H, Shimizu K 2004 Analysis of gene expression in Escherichia coli in response to changes of growth-limiting nutrient in chemostat cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 2354-2366.

Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Hou WC, Chen TE, Hsu WY, Lin YH 2005 Expression and function of a cysteine proteinase cDNA from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam 'Tainong 57') storage roots. Plant Sci. 169: 423-431.

Huang KJ, Hseu TH 1993 Effects of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase III on lysine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. Repub. China. B. 17: 91-97.

Huang KX, Huang QL, Wildung MR, Croteau R, Scott AI 1998 Overproduction, in Escherichia coli, of soluble taxadiene synthase, a key enzyme in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. Protein Expr. Purif. 13: 90-96.

Huang SC, Panagiotidis CA, Canellakis ES 1990 Transcriptional effects of polyamines on ribosomal proteins and on polyamine-synthesizing enzymes in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87: 3464-3468.

Huang T, Duman JG 2002 Cloning and characterization of a thermal hysteresis (antifreeze) protein with DNA-binding activity from winter bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara. Plant Mol. Biol. 48: 339-350.

Huang TC, Huang YW, Hung HJ, Ho CT, Wu ML 2007 Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid formed by proline dehydrogenase from the Bacillus subtilis ssp natto expressed in Escherichia coli as a precursor for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55: 5097-5102.

Huang W, Jia J, Edwards P, Dehesh K, Schneider G, Lindqvist Y 1998 Crystal structure of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II from E.coli reveals the molecular architecture of condensing enzymes. EMBO J. 17: 1183-1191.

Huang X, Raushel FM 2000 Role of the hinge loop linking the N- and C-terminal domains of the amidotransferase subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 380: 174-180.

Huang X, Raushel FM 2000 An engineered blockage within the ammonia tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase prevents the use of glutamine as a substrate but not ammonia. Biochemistry 39: 3240-3247.

Huang X, Raushel FM 1999 Deconstruction of the catalytic array within the amidotransferase subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. Biochemistry 38: 15909-15914.

Huang X, Raushel FM 2000 Restricted passage of reaction intermediates through the ammonia tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 26233-26240.

Huang Y, Baxter R, Smith BS, Partch CL, Colbert CL, Deisenhofer J 2006 Crystal structure of cryptochrome 3 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its implications for photolyase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 17701-17706.

Huang Y, Lemieux MJ, Song J, Auer M, Wang DN 2003 Structure and mechanism of the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter from Escherichia coli. Science 301: 616-620.

Hudson AO, Singh BK, Leustek T, Gilvarg C 2006 An L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase defines a novel variant of the lysine biosynthesis pathway in plants. Plant Physiol. 140: 292-301.

Hughes CA, Beard HS, Matthews BF 1997 Molecular cloning and expression of two cDNAs encoding asparagine synthetase in soybean. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 301-311.

Hughes CA, Gebhardt JS, Reuss A, Matthews BF 1999 Identification and expression of a cDNA encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase in soybean. Plant Sci. 146: 69-79.

Hugo AA, De Antoni GL, Perez PF 2006 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp lactis strain CIDCA 133 inhibits nitrate reductase activity of Escherichia coli. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 111: 191-196.

Hunter BK, Nicholls KM, Sanders JK 1984 Formaldehyde metabolism by Escherichia coli. In vivo carbon, deuterium, and two-dimensional NMR observations of multiple detoxifying pathways. Biochemistry 23: 508-514.

Hunter BK, Nicholls KM, Sanders JK 1985 Formaldehyde metabolism by Escherichia coli. Carbon and solvent deuterium incorporation into glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol. Biochemistry 24: 4148-4155.

Hunter DA, Dong Yoo S, Butcher SM, McManus MT 1999 Expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase during leaf ontogeny in white clover. Plant Physiol. 120: 131-142.

Hunter T, Bannister JV, Hunter GJ 2002 Thermostability of manganese- and iron-superoxide dismutases from Escherichia coli is determined by the characteristic position of a glutamine residue. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5137-5148.

Huo X, Viola RE 1996 Functional group characterization of homoserine kinase from Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 330: 373-379.

Huo X, Viola RE 1996 Substrate specificity and identification of functional groups of homoserine kinase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 35: 16180-16185.

Huo YX, Nan BY, You CH, Tian ZX, Kolb A, Wang YP 2006 FIS activates glnAp2 in Escherichia coli: role of a DNA bend centered at -55, upstream of the transcription start site. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 257: 99-105.

Hurle MR, Tweedy NB, Matthews CR 1986 Synergism in folding of a double mutant of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase. Biochemistry 25: 6356-6360.

Hurley JH, Chen R, Dean AM 1996 Determinants of cofactor specificity in isocitrate dehydrogenase: structure of an engineered NADP+ --> NAD+ specificity-reversal mutant. Biochemistry 35: 5670-5678.

Hussain H, Grove J, Griffiths L, Busby S, Cole J 1994 A seven-gene operon essential for formate-dependent nitrite reduction to ammonia by enteric bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 12: 153-163.

Hussain H, Mant A, Seale R, Zeeman S, Hinchliffe E, Edwards A, Hylton C, Bornemann S, Smith AM, Martin C, Bustos R 2003 Three isoforms of isoamylase contribute different catalytic properties for the debranching of potato glucans. Plant Cell 15: 133-149.

Hutson SM, Bledsoe RK, Hall TR, Dawson PA 1995 Cloning and expression of the mammalian cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase isoenzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 30344-30352.

Huxtable S, Zhou H, Wong S, Li N 1998 Renaturation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase expressed in Escherichia coli in the form of inclusion bodies into a dimeric and catalytically active enzyme. Protein Expr. Purif. 12: 305-314.

Huynh QK 1992 Inactivation of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase by its substrate analogue pyruvate in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185: 317-322.

Huynh QK 1993 Photo-oxidation of 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: evidence for a reactive imidazole group (His385) at the herbicide glyphosate-binding site. Biochem. J. 290: 525-530.

Hwang BJ, Kim Y, Kim HB, Hwang HJ, Kim JH, Lee HS 1999 Analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum methionine biosynthetic pathway: isolation and analysis of metB encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase. Mol. Cells 9: 300-308.

Hwang BJ, Yeom HJ, Kim Y, Lee HS 2002 Corynebacterium glutamicum utilizes both transsulfuration and direct sulfhydrylation pathways for methionine biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1277-1286.

Hyde GE, Campbell WH 1990 High-level expression in Escherichia coli of the catalytically active flavin domain of corn leaf NADH:nitrate reductase and its comparison to human NADH:cytochrome B5 reductase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168: 1285-1291.

Ibarra RU, Edwards JS, Palsson BO 2002 Escherichia coli K-12 undergoes adaptive evolution to achieve in silico predicted optimal growth. Nature 420: 186-189.

Ibdah M, Azulay Y, Portnoy V, Wasserman B, Bar E, Meir A, Burger Y, Hirschberg J, Schaffer AA, Katzir N, Tadmor Y, Lewinsohn E 2006 Functional characterization of CmCCD1, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from melon. Phytochemistry 67: 1579-1589.

Ibdah M, Bar-Ilan A, Livnah O, Schloss JV, Barak Z, Chipman DM 1996 Homology modeling of the structure of bacterial acetohydroxy acid synthase and examination of the active site by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry 35: 16282-16291.

Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV, Hill RD 2006 Nitric oxide scavenging by barley hemoglobin is facilitated by a monodehydroascorbate reductase-mediated ascorbate reduction of methemoglobin. Planta 223: 1033-1040.

Igamberdiev AU, Seregelyes C, Manac'h N, Hill RD 2004 NADH-dependent metabolism of nitric oxide in alfalfa root cultures expressing barley hemoglobin. Planta 219: 95-102.

Iglesias AA, Charng YY, Ball S, Preiss J 1994 Characterization of the kinetic, regulatory, and structural properties of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 104: 1287-1294.

Ignatova Z, Gierasch LM 2006 Inhibition of protein aggregation in vitro and in vivo by a natural osmoprotectant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 13357-13361.

Igo MM, Ninfa AJ, Silhavy TJ 1989 A bacterial environmental sensor that functions as a protein kinase and stimulates transcriptional activation. Genes Dev. 3: 598-605.

Igoshin OA, Goldbeter A, Kaiser D, Oster G 2004 A biochemical oscillator explains several aspects of Myxococcus xanthus behavior during development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 15760-15765.

Iijima Y, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Fridman E, Gang DR, Bar E, Lewinsohn E, Pichersky E 2004 The biochemical and molecular basis for the divergent patterns in the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenylpropenes in the peltate glands of three cultivars of basil. Plant Physiol. 136: 3724-3736.

Iijima Y, Gang DR, Fridman E, Lewinsohn E, Pichersky E 2004 Characterization of geraniol synthase from the peltate glands of sweet basil. Plant Physiol. 134: 370-379.

Ikai H, Yamamoto S 1998 Two genes involved in the 1,3-diaminopropane production pathway in Haemophilus influenzae. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21: 170-173.

Ikai H, Yamamoto S 1997 Identification and analysis of a gene encoding L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate 4-aminotransferase involved in the 1,3-diaminopropane production pathway in Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Bacteriol. 179: 5118-5125.

Ikeda Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H 1999 Sucrose and cytokinin modulation of WPK4, a gene encoding a SNF1-related protein kinase from wheat. Plant Physiol. 121: 813-820.

Ilbert M, Mejean V, Giudici-Orticoni MT, Samama JP, Iobbi-Nivol C 2003 Involvement of a mate chaperone (TorD) in the maturation pathway of molybdoenzyme TorA. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 28787-28792.

Imamura A, Hanaki N, Umeda H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T, Ueguchi C, Mizuno T 1998 Response regulators implicated in His-to-Asp phosphotransfer signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2691-2696.

Imielinski M, Belta C, Rubin H, Halasz A 2006 Systematic analysis of conservation relations in Escherichia coli genome-scale metabolic network reveals novel growth media. Biophys. J. 90: 2659-2672.

Imsande J 1999 Iron-sulfur clusters: Formation, perturbation, and physiological functions. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 37: 87-97.

In O, Berberich T, Romdhane S, Feierabend J 2005 Changes in gene expression during dehardening of cold-hardened winter rye (Secale cereale L.) leaves and potential role of a peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in cold-acclimation. Planta 220: 941-950.

Incharoensakdi A, Hibino T, Takabe T 2002 Glu 103 gln site-directed mutation causes an alteration in physical properties of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Biophys. 6: 243-248.

Incharoensakdi A, Matsuda N, Hibino T, Meng YL, Ishikawa H, Hara A, Funaguma T, Takabe T, Takabe T 2000 Overproduction of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. Structural and functional properties of wild-type, mutants and E. coli enzymes. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 7015-7023.

Ingram LO, Gomez PF, Lai X, Moniruzzaman M, Wood BE, Yomano LP, York SW 1998 Metabolic engineering of bacteria for ethanol production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 204-214.

Inoue H, Inagaki K, Sugimoto M, Esaki N, Soda K, Tanaka H 1995 Structural analysis of the L-methionine gamma-lyase gene from Pseudomonas putida. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117: 1120-1125.

Inoue K, Kuramitsu S, Aki K, Watanabe Y, Takagi T, Nishigai M, Ikai A, Kagamiyama H 1988 Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: overproduction and properties. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 104: 777-784.

Inoue K, Kuramitsu S, Okamoto A, Hirotsu K, Higuchi T, Morino Y, Kagamiyama H 1991 Tyr225 in aspartate aminotransferase: contribution of the hydrogen bond between Tyr225 and coenzyme to the catalytic reaction. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 109: 570-576.

Inoue K, Noji M, Saito K 1999 Determination of the sites required for the allosteric inhibition of serine acetyltransferase by L-cysteine in plants. Eur. J. Biochem. 266: 220-227.

Inoue K, Sewalt VJ, Murray GB, Ni W, Sturzer C, Dixon RA 1998 Developmental expression and substrate specificities of alfalfa caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase in relation to lignification. Plant Physiol. 117: 761-770.

Iobbi-Nivol C, Santini CL, Blasco F, Giordano G 1990 Purification and further characterization of the second nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli K12. Eur. J. Biochem. 188: 679-687.

Isaacson T, Ohad I, Beyer P, Hirschberg J 2004 Analysis in vitro of the enzyme CRTISO establishes a poly-cis-carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants. Plant Physiol. 136: 4246-4255.

Isayenkova J, Wray V, Nimtz M, Strack D, Vogt T 2006 Cloning and functional characterisation of two regioselective flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Beta vulgaris. Phytochemistry 67: 1598-1612.

Ishida H, Anzawa D, Kokubun N, Makino A, Mae T 2002 Direct evidence for non-enzymatic fragmentation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase by a reactive oxygen species. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 625-631.

Ishii K, Nakamura S, Morohashi M, Sugimoto M, Ohashi Y, Kikuchi S, Tomita M 2008 Comparison of metabolite production capability indices generated by network analysis methods. Biosystems 91: 166-170.

Ishikawa T, Yoshimura K, Sakai K, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Shigeoka S 1998 Molecular characterization and physiological role of a glyoxysome-bound ascorbate peroxidase from spinach. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 23-34.

Ishino Y, Morgenthaler P, Hottinger H, Soll D 1992 Organization and nucleotide sequence of the glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3165-3169.

Ishitani M, Nakamura T, Han SY, Takabe T 1995 Expression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in barley in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 307-315.

Ishiwata K, Fukuhara N, Shimada M, Makiguchi N, Soda K 1990 Enzymatic production of L-tryptophan from DL-serine and indole by a coupled reaction of tryptophan synthase and amino acid racemase. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 12: 141-149.

Ishiwatari Y, Honda C, Kawashima I, Nakamura S, Hirano H, Mori S, Fujiwara T, Hayashi H, Chino M 1995 Thioredoxin h is one of the major proteins in rice phloem sap. Planta 195: 456-463.

Ismail W, El-Said Mohamed M, Wanner BL, Datsenko KA, Eisenreich W, Rohdich F, Bacher A, Fuchs G 2003 Functional genomics by NMR spectroscopy. Phenylacetate catabolism in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3047-3054.

Isono K, Niwa Y, Satoh K, Kobayashi H 1997 Evidence for transcriptional regulation of plastid photosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Plant Physiol. 114: 623-630.

Ito M, Baba T, Mori H, Mori H 2005 Functional analysis of 1440 Escherichia coli genes using the combination of knock-out library and phenotype microarrays. Metab. Eng. 7: 318-327.

Ito Y, Suzuki M, Husimi Y 1999 A novel mutant of green fluorescent protein with enhanced sensitivity for microanalysis at 488 nm excitation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264: 556-560.

Itoh N, Matsuda M, Mabuchi M, Dairi T, Wang J 2002 Chiral alcohol production by NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase coupled with in situ regeneration of NADH. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2394-2402.

Itoh R, Takano H, Ohta N, Miyagishima S, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T 1999 Two ftsH-family genes encoded in the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 321-337.

Iuchi S, Cameron DC, Lin EC 1989 A second global regulator gene (arcB) mediating repression of enzymes in aerobic pathways of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171: 868-873.

Iuchi S, Cole ST, Lin EC 1990 Multiple regulatory elements for the glpA operon encoding anaerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the glpD operon encoding aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli: further characterization of respiratory control. J. Bacteriol. 172: 179-184.

Iuchi S, Lin EC 1988 arcA (dye), a global regulatory gene in Escherichia coli mediating repression of enzymes in aerobic pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85: 1888-1892.

Iuchi S, Matsuda Z, Fujiwara T, Lin EC 1990 The arcB gene of Escherichia coli encodes a sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Mol. Microbiol. 4: 715-727.

Iverson TM, Luna-Chavez C, Cecchini G, Rees DC 1999 Structure of the Escherichia coli fumarate reductase respiratory complex. Science 284: 1961-1966.

Ivey RA 3rd, Subramanian C, Bruce BD 2000 Identification of a Hsp70 recognition domain within the Rubisco small subunit transit peptide. Plant Physiol. 122: 1289-1300.

Iwatani S, Van Dien S, Shimbo K, Kubota K, Kageyama N, Iwahata D, Miyano H, Hirayama K, Usuda Y, Shimizu K, Matsui K 2007 Determination of metabolic flux changes during fed-batch cultivation from measurements of intracellular amino acids by LC-MS/MS. J. Biotechnol. 128: 93-111.

Iyer RK, Kim HK, Tsoa RW, Grody WW, Cederbaum SD 2002 Cloning and characterization of human agmatinase. Mol. Genet. Metab. 75: 209-218.

Izard T 2002 The crystal structures of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase with bound substrates reveal the enzyme's catalytic mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 315: 487-495.

Izard T, Geerlof A 1999 The crystal structure of a novel bacterial adenylyltransferase reveals half of sites reactivity. EMBO J. 18: 2021-2030.

Izard T, Geerlof A, Lewendon A, Barker JJ 1999 Cubic crystals of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 55: 1226-1228.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1984 Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 158: 115-120.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1981 Regulation of coenzyme A biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 148: 926-932.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1986 Consequences of reduced intracellular coenzyme A content in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 166: 866-871.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1983 Ratio of active to inactive forms of acyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 15186-15191.

Jackson RH, Cole JA, Cornish-Bowden A 1981 The steady-state kinetics of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K 12. Nitrite and hydroxylamine reduction. Biochem. J. 199: 171-178.

Jackson RH, Cole JA, Cornish-Bowden A 1982 The steady state kinetics of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. The reduction of single-electron acceptors. Biochem. J. 203: 505-510.

Jacobs JM, Jacobs NJ 1993 Porphyrin accumulation and export by isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) plastids. Effect of diphenyl ether herbicides. Plant Physiol. 101: 1181-1187.

Jacquot JP, Rivera-Madrid R, Marinho P, Kollarova M, Le Marechal P, Miginiac-Maslow M, Meyer Y 1994 Arabidopsis thaliana NAPHP thioredoxin reductase. cDNA characterization and expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 235: 1357-1363.

Jadaho SB, Yang RZ, Lin Q, Hu H, Anania FA, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW 2004 Murine alanine aminotransferase: cDNA cloning, functional expression, and differential gene regulation in mouse fatty liver. Hepatology 39: 1297-1302.

Jagath-Reddy J, Ganesan K, Savithri HS, Datta A, Rao NA 1995 cDNA cloning, overexpression in Escherichia coli, purification and characterization of sheep liver cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Eur. J. Biochem. 230: 533-537.

Jaggi R, van Heeswijk WC, Westerhoff HV, Ollis DL, Vasudevan SG 1997 The two opposing activities of adenylyl transferase reside in distinct homologous domains, with intramolecular signal transduction. EMBO J. 16: 5562-5571.

Jaggi R, Ybarlucea W, Cheah E, Carr PD, Edwards KJ, Ollis DL, Vasudevan SG 1996 The role of the T-loop of the signal transducing protein PII from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 391: 223-228.

Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Malaszewska-Keough A, Kauc B 1989 Cloning and expression of Thiobacillus versutus aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 50: 21-25.

Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Smorawinska M, Curtiss R 3d 1982 Expression of Streptococcus mutans aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene cloned into plasmid pBR322. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128: 1135-1145.

Jaindl M, Popp M 2006 Cyclitols protect glutamine synthetase and malate dehydrogenase against heat induced deactivation and thermal denaturation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345: 761-765.

Jakab G, Manrique A, Zimmerli L, Metraux JP, Mauch-Mani B 2003 Molecular characterization of a novel lipase-like pathogen-inducible gene family of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 132: 2230-2239.

Jakoby M, Kramer R, Burkovski A 1999 Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: isolation of genes involved and biochemical characterization of corresponding proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 303-310.

Jambunathan N, Mahalingam R 2006 Analysis of Arabidopsis growth factor gene 1 (GFG1) encoding a nudix hydrolase during oxidative signaling. Planta 224: 1-11.

James TY, Boulianne RP, Bottoli APF, Granado JD, Aebi M, Kues U 2002 The pab1 gene of Coprinus cinereus encodes a bifunctional protein for para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthesis: implications for the evolution of fused PABA synthases. J. Basic Microbiol. 42: 91-103.

Jameson GN, Cosper MM, Hernandez HL, Johnson MK, Huynh BH 2004 Role of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in recombinant Escherichia coli biotin synthase. Biochemistry 43: 2022-2031.

Jan A, Kitano H, Matsumoto H, Komatsu S 2006 The rice OsGAE1 is a novel gibberellin-regulated gene and involved in rice growth. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 439-452.

Janes BK, Bender RA 1998 Alanine catabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: molecular characterization of the dadAB operon and its regulation by the nitrogen assimilation control protein. J. Bacteriol. 180: 563-570.

Jang HJ, Pih KT, Kang SG, Lim JH, Jin JB, Piao HL, Hwang I 1998 Molecular cloning of a novel Ca2+-binding protein that is induced by NaCl stress. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 839-847.

Jang IC, Oh SJ, Seo JS, Choi WB, Song SI, Kim CH, Kim YS, Seo HS, Choi YD, Nahm BH, Kim JK 2003 Expression of a bifunctional fusion of the Escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth. Plant Physiol. 131: 516-524.

Jang S, Imlay JA 2007 Micromolar intracellular hydrogen peroxide disrupts metabolism by damaging iron-sulfur enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 929-937.

Janiyani KL, Ray MK 2002 Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the cold-inducible hutU gene from the antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 1-10.

Janosik M, Meier M, Kery V, Oliveriusova J, Burkhard P, Kraus JP 2001 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the active core of human recombinant cystathionine beta-synthase: an enzyme involved in vascular disease. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 57: 289-291.

Janson CA, Kayne PS, Almassy RJ, Grunstein M, Eisenberg D 1986 Sequence of glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium and implications for the protein structure. Gene 46: 297-300.

Janssen PJ, Jones DT, Woods DR 1990 Studies on Clostridium acetobutylicum glnA promoters and antisense RNA. Mol. Microbiol. 4: 1575-1583.

Jarrett JT, Wan JT 2002 Thermal inactivation of reduced ferredoxin (flavodoxin): NADP(+) oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 529: 237-242.

Javelle A, Lupo D, Zheng L, Li XD, Winkler FK, Merrick M 2006 An unusual twin-His arrangement in the pore of ammonia channels is essential for substrate conductance. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 39492-39498.

Javelle A, Severi E, Thornton J, Merrick M 2004 Ammonium sensing in Escherichia coli: role of the ammonium transporter AmtB and AmtB-GlnK complex formation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 8530-8538.

Javelle A, Thomas G, Marini AM, Kramer R, Merrick M 2005 In vivo functional characterisation of the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB: evidence for metabolic coupling of AmtB to glutamine synthetase. Biochem. J. 390: 215-222.

Javid-Majd F, Mullins LS, Raushel FM, Stapleton MA 2000 The differentially conserved residues of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 5073-5080.

Jayaraman PS, Cole JA, Busby SJ 1989 Mutational analysis of the nucleotide sequence at the FNR-dependent nirB promoter in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 135-145.

Jayaraman PS, Gaston KL, Cole JA, Busby SJ 1988 The nirB promoter of Escherichia coli: location of nucleotide sequences essential for regulation by oxygen, the FNR protein and nitrite. Mol. Microbiol. 2: 527-530.

Jayaraman PS, Peakman TC, Busby SJ, Quincey RV, Cole JA 1987 Location and sequence of the promoter of the gene for the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase of Escherichia coli and its regulation by oxygen, the Fnr protein and nitrite. J. Mol. Biol. 196: 781-788.

Jebbar M, Talibart R, Gloux K, Bernard T, Blanco C 1992 Osmoprotection of Escherichia coli by ectoine: uptake and accumulation characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 174: 5027-5035.

Jeffery CJ, Barry T, Doonan S, Petsko GA, Ringe D 1998 Crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. Protein Sci. 7: 1380-1387.

Jeffery CJ, M Gloss L, A Petsko G, Ringe D 2000 The role of residues outside the active site: structural basis for function of C191 mutants of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase. Protein Eng. 13: 105-112.

Jeong J, Suh S, Guan C, Tsay YF, Moran N, Oh CJ, An CS, Demchenko KN, Pawlowski K, Lee Y 2004 A nodule-specific dicarboxylate transporter from alder is a member of the peptide transporter family. Plant Physiol. 134: 969-978.

Jeong MS, Jang SB 2005 Crystallization and X-ray crystallographic studies of wild-type and mutant tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits from Escherichia coli. Mol. Cells 19: 219-222.

Jeong MS, Jeong JK, Lim WK, Jang SB 2004 Structures of wild-type and P28L/Y173F tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits from Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 323: 1257-1264.

Jeong MS, Jeong JK, Park KS, Kim HT, Lee KM, Lim WK, Jang SB 2004 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 60: 132-134.

Jepson BJ, Mohan S, Clarke TA, Gates AJ, Cole JA, Butler CS, Butt JN, Hemmings AM, Richardson DJ 2007 Spectropotentiometric and structural analysis of the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 6425-6437.

Jhee KH, McPhie P, Miles EW 2000 Yeast cystathionine beta-synthase is a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme but, unlike the human enzyme, is not a heme protein. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 11541-11544.

Jhee KH, Niks D, McPhie P, Dunn MF, Miles EW 2001 The reaction of yeast cystathionine beta-synthase is rate-limited by the conversion of aminoacrylate to cystathionine. Biochemistry 40: 1087-10880.

Jhee KH, Yoshimura T, Miles EW, Takeda S, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Soda K, Kawata Y, Esaki N 2000 Stereochemistry of the transamination reaction catalyzed by aminodeoxychorismate lyase from Escherichia coli: close relationship between fold type and stereochemistry. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 128: 679-686.

Jhon DY, Kim K, Byun SM 1991 The sites of cleavage on Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by dithiothreitol, Fe(III) and O2. Biofactors 3: 121-125.

Jiang C, Schommer CK, Kim SY, Suh DY 2006 Cloning and characterization of chalcone synthase from the moss, Physcomitrella patens. Phytochemistry 67: 2531-2540.

Jiang H, Dian W, Liu F, Wu P 2004 Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three genes encoding starch synthase II in rice. Planta 218: 1062-1070.

Jiang P, Atkinson MR, Srisawat C, Sun Q, Ninfa AJ 2000 Functional dissection of the dimerization and enzymatic activities of Escherichia coli nitrogen regulator II and their regulation by the PII protein. Biochemistry 39: 13433-13449.

Jiang P, Mayo AE, Ninfa AJ 2007 Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49): kinetic characterization of regulation by PII, PII-UMP, glutamine, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Biochemistry 46: 4133-4146.

Jiang P, Ninfa AJ 1999 Regulation of autophosphorylation of Escherichia coli nitrogen regulator II by the PII signal transduction protein. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1906-1911.

Jiang P, Ninfa AJ 2007 Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein controlling nitrogen assimilation acts as a sensor of adenylate energy charge in vitro. Biochemistry 46: 12979-12996.

Jiang P, Peliska JA, Ninfa AJ 1998 The regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase revisited: role of 2-ketoglutarate in the regulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation state. Biochemistry 37: 12802-12810.

Jiang P, Peliska JA, Ninfa AJ 1998 Reconstitution of the signal-transduction bicyclic cascade responsible for the regulation of Ntr gene transcription in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 37: 12795-12801.

Jiang P, Peliska JA, Ninfa AJ 2000 Asymmetry in the autophosphorylation of the two-component regulatory system transmitter protein nitrogen regulator II of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 39: 5057-5065.

Jiang P, Peliska JA, Ninfa AJ 1998 Enzymological characterization of the signal-transducing uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (EC 2.7.7.59) of Escherichia coli and its interaction with the PII protein. Biochemistry 37: 12782-12794.

Jiang P, Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ 2007 Structure-function analysis of glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49) of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 46: 4117-4132.

Jiang P, Zucker P, Atkinson MR, Kamberov ES, Tirasophon W, Chandran P, Schefke BR, Ninfa AJ 1997 Structure/function analysis of the PII signal transduction protein of Escherichia coli: genetic separation of interactions with protein receptors. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4342-4353.

Jiang P, Zucker P, Ninfa AJ 1997 Probing interactions of the homotrimeric PII signal transduction protein with its receptors by use of PII heterotrimers formed in vitro from wild-type and mutant subunits. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4354-4360.

Jiang PL, Jauh GY, Wang CS, Tzen JT 2008 A unique caleosin in oil bodies of lily pollen. Plant Cell Physiol. Jul 16 [Epub ahead of print].

Jiao JA, Podesta FE, Chollet R, OLeary MH, Andreo CS 1990 Isolation and sequence of an active site peptide from maize leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase inactivated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1041: 291-295.

Jimenez JA, Rodriguez D, Calvo AP, Mortensen LC, Nicolas G, Nicolas C 2005 Expression of a transcription factor (FsERF1) involved in ethylene signalling during the breaking of dormancy in Fagus sylvatica seeds. Physiol. Plant. 125: 373-380.

Jin L, Stec B, Kantrowitz ER 2000 A cis-proline to alanine mutant of E. coli aspartate transcarbamoylase: kinetic studies and three-dimensional crystal structures. Biochemistry 39: 8058-8066.

Jin YS, Stephanopoulos G 2007 Multi-dimensional gene target search for improving lycopene biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 9: 337-347.

Jindaprasert A, Springob K, Schmidt J, De-Eknamkul W, Kutchan TM 2008 Pyrone polyketides synthesized by a type III polyketide synthase from Drosophyllum lusitanicum. Phytochemistry May 6 [Epub ahead of print].

Job V, Molla G, Pilone MS, Pollegioni L 2002 Overexpression of a recombinant wild-type and His-tagged Bacillus subtilis glycine oxidase in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1456-1463.

Jobling SA, Schwall GP, Westcott RJ, Sidebottom CM, Debet M, Gidley MJ, Jeffcoat R, Safford R 1999 A minor form of starch branching enzyme in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers has a major effect on starch structure: cloning and characterisation of multiple forms of SBE A. Plant J. 18: 163-171.

Jofre A, Molinas M, Pla M 2003 A 10-kDa class-CI sHsp protects E. coli from oxidative and high-temperature stress. Planta 217: 813-819.

Johansson M, Nordlund S 1999 Purification of P(II) and P(II)-UMP and in vitro studies of regulation of glutamine synthetase in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6524-6529.

Johnson JL, Wuebbens MM, Mandell R, Shih VE 1989 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in humans. Identification of two complementation groups of cofactor-deficient patients and preliminary characterization of a diffusible molybdopterin precursor. J. Clin. Invest. 83: 897-903.

Jonczyk R, Genschel U 2006 Molecular adaptation and allostery in plant pantothenate synthetases. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 37435-37446.

Jones AL, Gane AM, Herbert D, Willey DL, Rutter AJ, Kille P, Dancer JE, Harwood JL 2003 beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from pea (Pisum sativum L.): properties, inhibition by a novel thiolactomycin analogue and isolation of a cDNA clone encoding the enzyme. Planta 216: 752-761.

Jones CE, Brook JM, Buck D, Abell C, Smith AG 1993 Cloning and sequencing of the Escherichia coli panB gene, which encodes ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, and overexpression of the enzyme. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2125-2130.

Jones KL, Kim SW, Keasling JD 2000 Low-copy plasmids can perform as well as or better than high-copy plasmids for metabolic engineering of bacteria. Metab. Eng. 2: 328-338.

Jones MA, Raymond MJ, Smirnoff N 2006 Analysis of the root-hair morphogenesis transcriptome reveals the molecular identity of six genes with roles in root-hair development in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 45: 83-100.

Jones PL, Willey DL, Gacesa P, Harwood JL 1998 Isolation, characterisation and expression of a cDNA for pea cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 179-185.

Jongsareejit B, Rahman RN, Fujiwara S, Imanaka T 1997 Gene cloning, sequencing and enzymatic properties of glutamate synthase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. KOD1. Mol. Gen. Genet. 254: 635-642.

Jonsson A, Nordlund S 2007 In vitro studies of the uridylylation of the three PII protein paralogs from Rhodospirillum rubrum: the transferase activity of R. rubrum GlnD is regulated by alpha-ketoglutarate and divalent cations but not by glutamine. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3471-3478.

Jonsson A, Teixeira PF, Nordlund S 2007 The activity of adenylyltransferase in Rhodospirillum rubrum is only affected by alpha-ketoglutarate and unmodified PII proteins, but not by glutamine, in vitro. FEBS J. 274: 2449-2460.

Jordan A, Reichard P 1998 Ribonucleotide reductases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 71-98.

Jormakka M, Byrne B, Iwata S 2003 Formate dehydrogenase - a versatile enzyme in changing environments. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 13: 418-423.

Joshi S, Singh AR, Kumar A, Misra PC, Siddiqi MI, Saxena JK 2008 Molecular cloning and characterization of Plasmodium falciparum transketolase. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 160: 32-41.

Josse EM, Simkin AJ, Gaffe J, Laboure AM, Kuntz M, Carol P 2000 A plastid terminal oxidase associated with carotenoid desaturation during chromoplast differentiation. Plant Physiol. 123: 1427-1436.

Jost R, Berkowitz O, Wirtz M, Hopkins L, Hawkesford MJ, Hell R 2000 Genomic and functional characterization of the oas gene family encoding O-acetylserine (thiol) lyases, enzymes catalyzing the final step in cysteine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 253: 237-247.

Jovanovich SB, Martinell M, Record MT Jr, Burgess RR 1988 Rapid response to osmotic upshift by osmoregulated genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 170: 534-539.

Joyce MA, Fraser ME, James MN, Bridger WA, Wolodko WT 2000 ADP-binding site of Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase revealed by X-ray crystallography. Biochemistry 39: 17-25.

Jude DA, Ewart CD, Thain JL, Davies GM, Nichols WW 1996 Transport of the antibacterial agent (6S)-6-fluoroshikimate and other shikimate analogues by the shikimate transport system of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1279: 125-129.

Jullien M, Baudet S, Rodier F, Le Bras G 1988 Allosteric transition of aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I studied by time-resolved fluorescence. Biochimie 70: 1807-1814.

Jung H 2002 The sodium/substrate symporter family: structural and functional features. FEBS Lett. 529: 73-77.

Jung H, Buchholz M, Clausen J, Nietschke M, Revermann A, Schmid R, Jung K 2002 CaiT of Escherichia coli: a new transporter catalyzing L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine exchange. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 39251-39258.

Jung H, Jung K, Kleber H-P 1990 L-Carnitine metabolization and osmotic stress response in Escherichia coli. J. Basic Microbiol. 30: 409-413.

Jung H, Jung K, Kleber HP 1990 L-Carnitine uptake by Escherichia coli. J. Basic Microbiol. 30: 507-514.

Jung H, Kleber H-P 1991 Metabolism of D(+)-carnitine by Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35: 393-395.

Jung SI, Han MS, Kwon JH, Cheon CI, Min KH, Lee MS 1998 Cloning of the histidine biosynthetic genes of Corynebacterium glutamicum: organization and sequencing analysis of the hisA, impA, and hisF gene cluster. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247: 741-745.

Justin AM, Kader JC, Collin S 2002 Phosphatidylinositol synthesis and exchange of the inositol head are catalysed by the single phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 from Arabidopsis. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2347-2352.

Justin AM, Kader JC, Collin S 2003 Synthetic capacity of Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol synthase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1634: 52-60.

Justino MC, Vicente JB, Teixeira M, Saraiva LM 2005 New genes implicated in the protection of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli against nitric oxide. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 2636-2643.

Juty NS, Spence HD, Hotz HR, Tang H, Goryanin I, Hodgman TC 2001 Simultaneous modelling of metabolic, genetic and product-interaction networks. Brief Bioinform. 2: 223-232.

Kacprzak MM, Lewandowska I, Matthews RG, Paszewski A 2003 Transcriptional regulation of methionine synthase by hornocysteine and choline in Aspergillus nidulans. Biochem. J. 376: 517-524.

Kaczor CM, Smith MW, Sangwan I, O'Brian MR 1994 Plant delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Expression in soybean root nodules and evidence for a bacterial lineage of the Alad gene. Plant Physiol. 104: 1411-1417.

Kaczorowski T, Sektas M, Skowron P, Podhajska AJ 1999 The FokI methyltransferase from Flavobacterium okeanokoites. Purification and characterization of the enzyme and its truncated derivatives. Mol. Biotechnol. 13: 1-15.

Kadaba NS, Kaiser JT, Johnson E, Lee A, Rees DC 2008 The high-affinity E. coli methionine ABC transporter: structure and allosteric regulation. Science 321: 250-253.

Kadokura H, Katzen F, Beckwith J 2003 Protein disulfide bond formation in prokaryotes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 111-135.

Kafala B, Sasarman A 1997 Isolation of the Staphylococcus aureus hemCDBL gene cluster coding for early steps in heme biosynthesis. Gene 199: 231-239.

Kakinuma K, Fukushima M, Kawaguchi R 2003 Detection and identification of Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella by microarrays using the gyrB gene. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 721-728.

Kalinowski J, Bachmann B, Thierbach G, Puhler A 1990 Aspartokinase genes lysC alpha and lysC beta overlap and are adjacent to the aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene asd in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 317-324.

Kalman LV, Gunsalus RP 1990 Nitrate- and molybdenum-independent signal transduction mutations in narX that alter regulation of anaerobic respiratory genes in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172: 7049-7056.

Kaltenbach M, Schroder G, Schmelzer E, Lutz V, Schroder J 1999 Flavonoid hydroxylase from Catharanthus roseus: cDNA, heterologous expression, enzyme properties and cell-type specific expression in plants. Plant J. 19: 183-193.

Kamarthapu V, Rao KV, Srinivas PN, Reddy GB, Reddy VD 2008 Structural and kinetic properties of Bacillus subtilis S-adenosylmethionine synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Jun 19 [Epub ahead of print].

Kamberov ES, Atkinson MR, Chandran P, Ninfa AJ 1994 Effect of mutations in Escherichia coli glnL (ntrB), encoding nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB), on the phosphatase activity involved in bacterial nitrogen regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28294-28299.

Kamberov ES, Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1995 The Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein is activated upon binding 2-ketoglutarate and ATP. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 17797-17807.

Kamps A, Achebach S, Fedtke I, Unden G, Gotz F 2004 Staphylococcal NreB: an O2-sensing histidine protein kinase with an O-2- labile iron-sulphur cluster of the FNR type. Mol. Microbiol. 52: 713-723.

Kanao T, Fukui T, Atomi H, Imanaka T 2002 Kinetic and biochemical analyses on the reaction mechanism of a bacterial ATP-citrate lyase. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3409-3416.

Kaneko T, Hashimoto T, Kumpaisal R, Yamada Y 1990 Molecular cloning of wheat dihydrodipicolinate synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 17451-17455.

Kang HG, Jun SH, Kim J, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y, An G 1999 Cloning and molecular analyses of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expressed specifically in developing seeds of watermelon. Plant Physiol. 121: 373-382.

Kao KC, Tran LM, Liao JC 2005 A global regulatory role of gluconeogenic genes in Escherichia coli revealed by transcriptome network analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 36079-36087.

Kappler U, Bennett B, Rethmeier J, Schwarz G, Deutzmann R, McEwan AG, Dahl C 2000 Sulfite:cytochrome c oxidoreductase from Thiobacillus novellus: purification, characterization, and molecular biology of a heterodimeric member of the sulfite oxidase family. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 13202-13212.

Karim S, Lundh D, Holmstrom KO, Mandal A, Pirhonen M 2005 Structural and functional characterization of AtPTR3, a stress-induced peptide transporter of Arabidopsis. J. Mol. Model. 11: 226-236.

Karita M, Etterbeek ML, Forsyth MH, Tummuru MK, Blaser MJ 1997 Characterization of Helicobacter pylori dapE and construction of a conditionally lethal dapE mutant. Infect. Immun. 65: 4158-4164.

Karp PD 2001 Pathway databases: a case study in computational symbolic theories. Science 293: 2040-2044.

Karp PD, Riley M, Paley SM, Pelligrini-Toole A 1996 EcoCyc: an encyclopedia of Escherichia coli genes and metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res. 24: 32-39.

Karr DB, Emerich DW 2000 Bradyrhizobium japonicum isocitrate dehydrogenase exhibits calcium-dependent hysteresis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 376: 101-108.

Karsten WE 1997 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Escherichia coli: pH dependent changes in the kinetic mechanism and kinetic mechanism of allosteric inhibition by L-lysine. Biochemistry 36: 1730-1739.

Karsten WE, Hunsley JR, Viola RE 1985 Purification of aspartase and aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli by dye-ligand chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 147: 336-341.

Karsten WE, Viola RE 1991 Chemical and kinetic mechanisms of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1077: 209-219.

Karsten WE, Viola RE 1992 Identification of an essential cysteine in the reaction catalyzed by aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1121: 234-238.

Kasahara M, Swartz TE, Olney MA, Onodera A, Mochizuki N, Fukuzawa H, Asamizu E, Tabata S, Kanegae H, Takano M, Christie JM, Nagatani A, Briggs WR 2002 Photochemical properties of the flavin mononucleotide-binding domains of the phototropins from Arabidopsis, rice, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 129: 762-773.

Kashiwagi K 1996 Polyamine transport in Escherichia coli and eukaryotic cells. Yakugaku Zasshi 116: 175-191.

Kashiwagi K, Hosokawa N, Furuchi T, Kobayashi H, Sasakawa C, Yoshikawa M, Igarashi K 1990 Isolation of polyamine transport-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli and cloning of the genes for polyamine transport proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 20893-20897.

Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K 1988 Adjustment of polyamine contents in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 170: 3131-3135.

Kashiwagi K, Kobayashi H, Igarashi K 1986 Apparently unidirectional polyamine transport by proton motive force in polyamine-deficient Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 165: 972-977.

Kast P, Asif-Ullah M, Jiang N, Hilvert D 1996 Exploring the active site of chorismate mutase by combinatorial mutagenesis and selection: the importance of electrostatic catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 5043-5048.

Kasunic DA, Kushner SR 1980 Expression of the HIS3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in polynucleotide phosphorylase-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Gene 12: 1-10.

Katinka M, Cossart P, Sibilli L, Saint-Girons I, Chalvignac MA, Le Bras G, Cohen GN, Yaniv M 1980 Nucleotide sequence of the thrA gene of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 5730-5733.

Katoh A, Shoji T, Hashimoto T 2007 Molecular cloning of N-methylputrescine oxidase from tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol. 48: 550-554.

Katoh A, Uenohara K, Akita M, Hashimoto T 2006 Early steps in the biosynthesis of NAD in Arabidopsis start with aspartate and occur in the plastid. Plant Physiol. 141: 851-857.

Kawaguchi H, Inagaki K, Tanaka H 1997 Regulatory region of expression of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans leuB gene in Escherichia coli. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61: 2119-2121.

Kawalleck P, Keller H, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D, Somssich IE 1993 A pathogen-responsive gene of parsley encodes tyrosine decarboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2189-2194.

Kawalleck P, Plesch G, Hahlbrock K, Somssich IE 1992 Induction by fungal elicitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase mRNAs in cultured cells and leaves of Petroselinum crispum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 4713-4717.

Kawashima CG, Berkowitz O, Hell R, Noji M, Saito K 2005 Characterization and expression analysis of a serine acetyltransferase gene family involved in a key step of the sulfur assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 137: 220-230.

Kayser A, Weber J, Hecht V, Rinas U 2005 Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli in glucose-limited continuous culture. I. Growth-rate-dependent metabolic efficiency at steady state. Microbiology 151: 693-706.

Keasling JD, Van Dien SJ, Pramanik J 1998 Engineering polyphosphate metabolism in Escherichia coli: implications for bioremediation of inorganic contaminants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 231-239.

Keating DH, Carey MR, Cronan JE Jr 1995 The unmodified (apo) form of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 22229-22235.

Keating DH, Zhang Y, Cronan JE Jr 1996 The apparent coupling between synthesis and posttranslational modification of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is due to inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 178: 2662-2667.

Kebeish R, Niessen M, Thiruveedhi K, Bari R, Hirsch HJ, Rosenkranz R, Stabler N, Schonfeld B, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C 2007 Chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass increases photosynthesis and biomass production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat. Biotechnol. 25: 593-599.

Keeler SJ, Maloney CL, Webber PY, Patterson C, Hirata LT, Falco SC, Rice JA 1997 Expression of de novo high-lysine alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins may significantly increase the accumulated levels of lysine in mature seeds of transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 15-29.

Keiner R, Kaiser H, Nakajima K, Hashimoto T, Drager B 2002 Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of tropinone reductase II, an enzyme of the SDR family in Solanum tuberosum (L.). Plant Mol. Biol. 48: 299-308.

Kelly BS, Antholine WE, Griffith OW 2002 Escherichia coli gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Two active site metal ions affect substrate and inhibitor binding. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 50-58.

Kelo E, Noronkoski T, Stoineva IB, Petkov DD, Mononen I 2002 Beta-aspartylpeptides as substrates of L-asparaginases from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. FEBS Lett. 528: 130-132.

Kempf B, Bremer E 1995 OpuA, an osmotically regulated binding protein-dependent transport system for the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 16701-16713.

Kempf B, Bremer E 1998 Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress responses to high-osmolality environments. Arch. Microbiol. 170: 319-330.

Kempf B, Gade J, Bremer E 1997 Lipoprotein from the osmoregulated ABC transport system OpuA of Bacillus subtilis: purification of the glycine betaine binding protein and characterization of a functional lipidless mutant. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6213-6220.

Keng YF, Viola RE 1996 Specificity of aspartokinase III from Escherichia coli and an examination of important catalytic residues. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 335: 73-81.

Kengen SW, van der Oost J, de Vos WM 2003 Molecular characterization of H2O2-forming NADH oxidases from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 2885-2894.

Kenklies J, Ziehn R, Fritsche K, Pich A, Andreesen JR 1999 Proline biosynthesis from L-ornithine in Clostridium sticklandii: purification of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, and sequence and expression of the encoding gene, proC. Microbiology 145: 819-826.

Kerbarh O, Ciulli A, Howard NI, Abell C 2005 Salicylate biosynthesis: overexpression, purification, and characterization of Irp9, a bifunctional salicylate synthase from Yersinia enterocolitica. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5061-5066.

Kerk D, Bulgrien J, Smith DW, Gribskov M 2003 Arabidopsis proteins containing similarity to the universal stress protein domain of bacteria. Plant Physiol. 131: 1209-1219.

Kershaw NJ, McNaughton HJ, Hewitson KS, Hernandez H, Griffin J, Hughes C, Greaves P, Barton B, Robinson CV, Schofield CJ 2002 ORF6 from the clavulanic acid gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus has ornithine acetyltransferase activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2052-2059.

Kersten B, Feilner T, Kramer A, Wehrmeyer S, Possling A, Witt I, Zanor MI, Stracke R, Lueking A, Kreutzberger J, Lehrach H, Cahilll DJ 2003 Generation of Arabidopsis protein chips for antibody and serum screening. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 999-1010.

Keuntje B, Masepohl B, Klipp W 1995 Expression of the putA gene encoding proline dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus is independent of NtrC regulation but requires an Lrp-like activator protein. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6432-6439.

Khan MI, Ito K, Kim H, Ashida H, Ishikawa T, Shibata H, Sawa Y 2005 Molecular properties and enhancement of thermostability by random mutagenesis of glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69: 1861-170.

Khristoforov RR, Sukhareva BS, Dixon HB, Sparkes MJ, Krasnov VP, Bukrina IM 1995 The interaction of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli with substrate analogues modified at C-3 and C-4. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 36: 77-85.

Kiefer P, Nicolas C, Letisse F, Portais JC 2007 Determination of carbon labeling distribution of intracellular metabolites from single fragment ions by ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 360: 182-188.

Kiene RP, Williams LPH 1998 Glycine betaine uptake, retention, and degradation by microorganisms in seawater. Limnol. Oceanog. 43: 1592-1603.

Kiene RP, Williams LPH, Walker JE 1998 Seawater microorganisms have a high affinity glycine betaine uptake system which also recognizes dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Aquat. Microbial Ecol. 15: 39-51.

Kikuchi Y, Kojima H, Tanaka T 1999 Mutational analysis of the feedback sites of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 211-215.

Kikuchi Y, Tsujimoto K, Kurahashi O 1997 Mutational analysis of the feedback sites of phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase of Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 761-762.

Kiley PJ, Reznikoff WS 1991 Fnr mutants that activate gene expression in the presence of oxygen. J. Bacteriol. 173: 16-22.

Kim AD, Graham DE, Seeholzer SH, Markham GD 2000 S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii: identification of a novel family of pyruvoyl enzymes. J. Bacteriol. 182: 6667-6672.

Kim BG, Lee Y, Hur HG, Lim Y, Ahn JH 2006 Flavonoid 3'-O-methyltransferase from rice: cDNA cloning, characterization and functional expression. Phytochemistry 67: 387-394.

Kim CH, Hollocher TC 1982 13N isotope studies on the pathway of ammonia assimilation in Bacillus megaterium and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 151: 358-366.

Kim EJ, Kwak JM, Uozumi N, Schroeder JI 1998 AtKUP1: an Arabidopsis gene encoding high-affinity potassium transport activity. Plant Cell 10: 51-62.

Kim ES, Choi E, Kim Y, Cho K, Lee A, Shim J, Rakwal R, Agrawal GK, Han O 2003 Dual positional specificity and expression of non-traditional lipoxygenase induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate in maize seedlings. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 1203-1213.

Kim HU, van Oostende C, Basset GJ, Browse J 2008 The AAE14 gene encodes the Arabidopsis O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA ligase that is essential for phylloquinone synthesis and photosystem-I function. Plant J. 54: 272-283.

Kim IH, Kwak SJ, Kang J, Park SC 1998 Transcriptional control of the glnD gene is not dependent on nitrogen availability in Escherichia coli. Mol. Cells 8: 483-490.

Kim J, Leustek T 1996 Cloning and analysis of the gene for cystathionine gamma-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 32: 1117-1124.

Kim J, Malashkevich V, Roday S, Lisbin M, Schramm VL, Almo SC 2006 Structural and kinetic characterization of Escherichia coli TadA, the wobble-specific tRNA deaminase. Biochemistry 45: 6407-6416.

Kim JH, Krahn JM, Tomchick DR, Smith JL, Zalkin H 1996 Structure and function of the glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase glutamine site and communication with the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate site. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 15549-15557.

Kim JJ, Sundin GW 2000 Regulation of the rulAB mutagenic DNA repair operon of Pseudomonas syringae by UV-B (290 to 320 nanometers) radiation and analysis of rulAB-mediated mutability in vitro and in planta. J. Bacteriol. 182: 6137-6144.

Kim JS, Lowe KE, Shane B 1993 Regulation of folate and one-carbon metabolism in mammalian cells. IV. Role of folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase in methotrexate metabolism and cytotoxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 21680-21685.

Kim JW, Kim EY, Park HH, Jung JE, Kim HD, Shin HJ, Lim WK 2001 Homodimers of mutant tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits in Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289: 568-572.

Kim JY, Cha HJ 2003 Down-regulation of acetate pathway through antisense strategy in Escherichia coli: Improved foreign protein production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 841-853.

Kim JY, Park SJ, Jang B, Jung CH, Ahn SJ, Goh CH, Cho K, Han O, Kang H 2007 Functional characterization of a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. Plant J. 50: 439-451.

Kim KH, Janiak V, Petersen M 2004 Purification, cloning and functional expression of hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in cell cultures of Coleus blumei. Plant Mol. Biol. 54: 311-323.

Kim MC, Lee SH, Kim JK, Chun HJ, Choi MS, Chung WS, Moon BC, Kang CH, Park CY, Yoo JH, Kang YH, Koo SC, Koo YD, Jung JC, Kim ST, Schulze-Lefert P, Lee SY, Cho MJ 2002 Mlo, a modulator of plant defense and cell death, is a novel calmodulin-binding protein - Isolation and characterization of a rice Mlo homologue. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 19304-19314.

Kim PJ, Lee DY, Kim TY, Lee KH, Jeong H, Lee SY, Park S 2007 Metabolite essentiality elucidates robustness of Escherichia coli metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 13638-13642.

Kim SM, Kim YB, Kuzuyama T, Kim SU 2008 Two copies of 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D: -erythritol kinase (CMK) gene in Ginkgo biloba: molecular cloning and functional characterization. Planta Jul 31 [Epub ahead of print].

Kim SW, Keasling JD 2001 Metabolic engineering of the nonmevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli enhances lycopene production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 72: 408-415.

Kim TG, Baek MY, Lee EK, Kwon TH, Yang MS 2008 Expression of human growth hormone in transgenic rice cell suspension culture. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 885-891.

Kim WS, Kim J, Krishnan HB, Nahm BH 2005 Expression of Escherichia coli branching enzyme in caryopses of transgenic rice results in amylopectin with an increased degree of branching. Planta 220: 689-695.

Kim YO, Kim JS, Kang H 2005 Cold-inducible zinc finger-containing glycine-rich RNA-binding protein contributes to the enhancement of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 42: 890-900.

Kim YS, Nosaka K, Downs DM, Kwak JM, Park D, Chung IK, Nam HG 1998 A Brassica cDNA clone encoding a bifunctional hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase/thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase involved in thiamin biosynthesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 955-966.

Kim YT, Song YH, Churchich JE 1997 Recombinant brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases overexpression, purification, and identification of Lys-330 at the active site. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1337: 248-256.

Kim YW, Park DS, Park SC, Kim SH, Cheong GW, Hwang I 2001 Arabidopsis dynamin-like 2 that binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate assembles into a high-molecular weight complex in vivo and in vitro. Plant Physiol. 127: 1243-1255.

Kimura K, Sugano S, Funae A, Nakano Y 1991 Characterization of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase by limited proteolysis. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 110: 526-531.

Kimura K, Yagi K, Matsuoka K 1984 Regulation of Mycobacterium smegmatis glutamine synthetase by adenylylation. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 95: 1559-1567.

Kimura S, Hayatsu H, Arimoto-Kobayashi S 1999 Glycine betaine in beer as an antimutagenic substance against 2-chloro-4-methylthiobutanoic acid, the sanma-fish mutagen. Mut. Res. 439: 267-276.

Kimura S, Laosinchai W, Itoh T, Cui X, Linder CR, Brown RM Jr 1999 Immunogold labeling of rosette terminal cellulose-synthesizing complexes in the vascular plant Vigna angularis. Plant Cell 11: 2075-2086.

Kimura S, Ueda T, Hatanaka M, Takenouchi M, Hashimoto J, Sakaguchi K 2000 Plant homologue of flap endonuclease-1: molecular cloning, characterization, and evidence of expression in meristematic tissues. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 415-427.

King T, Ferenci T 2005 Divergent roles of RpoS in Escherichia coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 244: 323-327.

Kinnaird JH, Fincham JR 1983 The complete nucleotide sequence of the Neurospora crassa am (NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase) gene. Gene 26: 253-260.

Kinoshita T, Emi T, Tominaga M, Sakamoto K, Shigenaga A, Doi M, Shimazaki K 2003 Blue-light- and phosphorylation-dependent binding of a 14-3-3 protein to phototropins in stomatal guard cells of broad bean. Plant Physiol. 133: 1453-1463.

Kirksey TJ, Appling DR 1996 Site-directed mutagenesis of a highly conserved aspartate in the putative 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate binding site of yeast C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 333: 251-259.

Kitano H 2005 International alliances for quantitative modeling in systems biology. Mol. Syst. Biol. 1: 2005.0007.

Kitaoka S, Wada K, Hasegawa Y, Minami Y, Fukuyama K, Takahashi Y 2006 Crystal structure of Escherichia coli SufC, an ABC-type ATPase component of the SUF iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery. FEBS Lett. 580: 137-143.

Kitazume T, Tanaka A, Takaya N, Nakamura A, Matsuyama S, Suzuki T, Shoun H 2002 Kinetic analysis of hydroxylation of saturated fatty acids by recombinant P450foxy produced by an Escherichia coli expression system. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 2075-2082.

Kizer L, Pitera DJ, Pfleger BF, Keasling JD 2008 Application of functional genomics to pathway optimization for increased isoprenoid production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3229-3241.

Klamt S, Schuster S, Gilles ED 2002 Calculability analysis in underdetermined metabolic networks illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 77: 734-751.

Klamt S, Stelling J 2002 Combinatorial complexity of pathway analysis in metabolic networks. Mol. Biol. Rep. 29: 233-236.

Klaus SM, Kunji ER, Bozzo GG, Noiriel A, de la Garza RD, Basset GJ, Ravanel S, Rebeille F, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2005 Higher plant plastids and cyanobacteria have folate carriers related to those of trypanosomatids. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 38457-38463.

Klaus SM, Wegkamp A, Sybesma W, Hugenholtz J, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2005 A nudix enzyme removes pyrophosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the folate synthesis pathway of bacteria and plants. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 5274-5280.

Kleijn RJ, van Winden WA, van Gulik WM, Heijnen JJ 2005 Revisiting the 13C-label distribution of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway based upon kinetic and genetic evidence. FEBS J. 272: 4970-4982.

Klein RD, Geary TG, Gibson AS, Favreau MA, Winterrowd CA, Upton SJ, Keithly JS, Zhu G, Malmberg RL, Martinez MP, Yarlett N 1999 Reconstitution of a bacterial/plant polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 145: 301-307.

Klein W, Ehmann U, Boos W 1991 The repression of trehalose transport and metabolism in Escherichia coli by high osmolarity is mediated by trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase. Res. Microbiol. 142: 359-371.

Klein W, Horlacher R, Boos W 1995 Molecular analysis of treB encoding the Escherichia coli enzyme II specific for trehalose. J. Bacteriol. 177: 4043-4052.

Kleiner O, Butenandt J, Carell T, Batschauer A 1999 Class II DNA photolyase from Arabidopsis thaliana contains FAD as a cofactor. Eur. J. Biochem. 264: 161-167.

Kliebenstein DJ, Lambrix VM, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Mitchell-Olds T 2001 Gene duplication in the diversification of secondary metabolism. Tandem 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases control glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 13: 681-693.

Klimczak LJ, Farini D, Lin C, Ponti D, Cashmore AR, Giuliano G 1995 Multiple isoforms of Arabidopsis casein kinase I combine conserved catalytic domains with variable carboxyl-terminal extensions. Plant Physiol. 109: 687-696.

Klotz KL, Liu TT, Liu L, Lagrimini LM 1998 Expression of the tobacco anionic peroxidase gene is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 509-520.

Knaggs AR 2001 The biosynthesis of shikimate metabolites. Nat. Prod. Rep. 18: 334-355.

Knapp KG, Swartz JR 2004 Cell-free production of active E. coli thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase. FEBS Lett. 559: 66-70.

Knappe J, Sawers G 1990 A radical-chemical route to acetyl-CoA: the anaerobically induced pyruvate formate-lyase system of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 6: 383-398.

Knutzon DS, Lardizabal KD, Nelsen JS, Bleibaum JL, Davies HM, Metz JG 1995 Cloning of a coconut endosperm cDNA encoding a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase that accepts medium-chain-length substrates. Plant Physiol. 109: 999-1006.

Ko R, Smith LT 1999 Identification of an ATP-driven, osmoregulated glycine betaine transport system in Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 4040-4048.

Ko TP, Wu SP, Yang WZ, Tsai H, Yuan HS 1999 Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Escherichia coli tyrosine aminotransferase. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 55: 1474-1477.

Kobayashi M, Izui H, Nagasawa T, Yamada H 1993 Nitrilase in biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid from indole-3-acetonitrile: cloning of the Alcaligenes gene and site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 247-251.

Kodumal SJ, Patel KG, Reid R, Menzella HG, Welch M, Santi DV 2004 Total synthesis of long DNA sequences: synthesis of a contiguous 32-kb polyketide synthase gene cluster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 15573-15578.

Koh BT, Tan RB, Yap MG 1998 Genetically structured mathematical modeling of trp attenuator mechanism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 502-509.

Koistinen KM, Kokko HI, Hassinen VH, Tervahauta AI, Auriola S, Karenlampi SO 2002 Stress-related RNase PR-10c is post-translationally modified by glutathione in birch. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 707-715.

Kolesnikow T, Schroder I, Gunsalus RP 1992 Regulation of narK gene expression in Escherichia coli in response to anaerobiosis, nitrate, iron, and molybdenum. J. Bacteriol. 174: 7104-7111.

Kolko MM, Kapetanovich LA, Lawrence JG 2001 Alternative pathways for siroheme synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 183: 328-835.

Kolling R, Lother H 1985 AsnC: an autogenously regulated activator of asparagine synthetase A transcription in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 164: 310-315.

Kollmann M, Lovdok L, Bartholome K, Timmer J, Sourjik V 2005 Design principles of a bacterial signalling network. Nature 438: 504-507.

Komatsu M, Tsuda M, Omura S, Oikawa H, Ikeda H 2008 Identification and functional analysis of genes controlling biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 7422-7427.

Komoto J, Yamada T, Takata Y, Markham GD, Takusagawa F 2004 Crystal structure of the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase ternary complex: a novel catalytic mechanism of S-adenosylmethionine synthesis from ATP and Met. Biochemistry 43: 1821-1831.

Kondo K, Wakabayashi S, Kagamiyama H 1987 Structural studies on aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. Covalent structure. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 8648-8657.

Kondo K, Wakabayashi S, Yagi T, Kagamiyama H 1984 The complete amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli: sequence comparison with pig isoenzymes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122: 62-67.

Kontur WS, Saecker RM, Davis CA, Capp MW, Record MT Jr 2006 Solute probes of conformational changes in open complex (RPo) formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the lambdaPR promoter: evidence for unmasking of the active site in the isomerization step and for large-scale coupled folding … Biochemistry 45: 2161-2177.

Koo YJ, Kim MA, Kim EH, Song JT, Jung C, Moon JK, Kim JH, Seo HS, Song SI, Kim JK, Lee JS, Cheong JJ, Choi YD 2007 Overexpression of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase reduces salicylic acid-mediated pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 64: 1-15.

Koonin EV, Mushegian AR, Galperin MY, Walker DR 1997 Comparison of archaeal and bacterial genomes: computer analysis of protein sequences predicts novel functions and suggests a chimeric origin for the archaea. Mol. Microbiol. 25: 619-637.

Koop HU, Steinmuller K, Wagner H, Rossler C, Eibl C, Sacher L 1996 Integration of foreign sequences into the tobacco plastome via polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation. Planta 199: 193-201.

Kopka J, Ludewig M, Muller-Rober B 1997 Complementary DNAs encoding eukaryotic-type cytidine-5'-diphosphate-diacylglycerol synthases of two plant species. Plant Physiol. 113: 997-1002.

Kopriva S, Buchert T, Fritz G, Suter M, Weber M, Benda R, Schaller J, Feller U, Schurmann P, Schunemann V, Trautwein AX, Kroneck PM, Brunold C 2001 Plant adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase is a novel iron-sulfur protein. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 42881-42886.

Kopriva S, Turner SR, Rawsthorne S, Bauwe H 1995 T-protein of the glycine decarboxylase multienzyme complex: evidence for partial similarity to formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 1215-1220.

Kordic S, Cummins I, Edwards R 2002 Cloning and characterization of an S-formylglutathione hydrolase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 399: 232-238.

Kornberg A, Rao NN, Ault-Riche D 1999 Inorganic polyphosphate: a molecule of many functions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68: 89-125.

Kort R, Liebl W, Labedan B, Forterre P, Eggen RI, de Vos WM 1997 Glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima: molecular characterization and phylogenetic implications. Extremophiles 1: 52-60.

Koschutzki D, Schwobbermeyer H, Schreiber F 2007 Ranking of network elements based on functional substructures. J. Theor. Biol. 248: 471-479.

Kosuge T, Hoshino T 1998 Construction of a proline-producing mutant of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 4328-4332.

Kota P, Guo D, Zubieta C, Noel J, Dixon RA 2004 O-Methylation of benzaldehyde derivatives by "lignin specific" caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase. Phytochemistry 65: 837-846.

Koussevitzky S, Stanne TM, Peto CA, Giap T, Sjogren LL, Zhao Y, Clarke AK, Chory J 2007 An Arabidopsis thaliana virescent mutant reveals a role for ClpR1 in plastid development. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 85-96.

Kovalchuk I, Filkowski J, Smith K, Kovalchuk O 2003 Reactive oxygen species stimulate homologous recombination in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1531-1539.

Kozlov IuI, Kochetova LP, Livshits VA, Mashko SV, Moshentseva VN 1980 Cloning of threonine operon genes in Escherichia coli cells. Genetika 16: 66-77.

Krafft T, Bowen A, Theis F, Macy JM 2000 Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the periplasmic-cytochrome B-containing selenate reductase of Thauera selenatis. DNA Seq. 10: 365-377.

Kraft E, Stone SL, Ma L, Su N, Gao Y, Lau OS, Deng XW, Callis J 2005 Genome analysis and functional characterization of the E2 and RING-type E3 ligase ubiquitination enzymes of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 139: 1597-1611.

Kramer M, Bongaerts J, Bovenberg R, Kremer S, Muller U, Orf S, Wubbolts M, Raeven L 2003 Metabolic engineering for microbial production of shikimic acid. Metab. Eng. 5: 277-283.

Krath BN, Hove-Jensen B 1999 Organellar and cytosolic localization of four phosphoribosyl diphosphate synthase isozymes in spinach. Plant Physiol. 119: 497-506.

Krause T, Luersen K, Wrenger C, Gilberger TW, Muller S, Walter RD 2000 The ornithine decarboxylase domain of the bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase/S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum: recombinant expression and catalytic properties of two different constructs. Biochem. J. 352: 287-292.

Kreimeyer A, Perret A, Lechaplais C, Vallenet D, Médigue C, Salanoubat M, Weissenbach J 2007 Identification of the last unknown genes in the fermentation pathway of lysine. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 7191-7197.

Kremer A, Westrich L, Li SM 2007 A 7-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase from Aspergillus fumigatus: overproduction, purification and biochemical characterization. Microbiology 153: 3409-3416.

Kremling A, Bettenbrock K, Laube B, Jahreis K, Lengeler JW, Gilles ED 2001 The organization of metabolic reaction networks. Metab. Eng. 3: 362-379.

Kremling A, Gilles ED 2001 The organization of metabolic reaction networks II. Signal processing in hierarchical structured functional units. Metab. Eng. 3: 138-150.

Kremling A, Jahreis K, Lengeler JW, Gilles ED 2000 The organization of metabolic reaction networks: a signal-oriented approach to cellular models. Metab. Eng. 2: 190-200.

Kreuzer-Martin HW, Ehleringer JR, Hegg EL 2005 Oxygen isotopes indicate most intracellular water in log-phase Escherichia coli is derived from metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102: 17337-17341.

Kreuzwieser J, Schnitzler JP, Steinbrecher R 1999 Biosynthesis of organic compounds emitted by plants. Plant Biol. 1: 149-159.

Kriete G, Niehaus K, Perlick AM, Puhler A, Broer I 1996 Male sterility in transgenic tobacco plants induced by tapetum-specific deacetylation of the externally applied non-toxic compound N-acetyl-L-phosphinothricin. Plant J. 9: 809-818.

Krishnan IS, Singhal RK, Dua RD 1986 Purification and characterization of glutamine synthetase from Clostridium pasteurianum. Biochemistry 25: 1589-1599.

Kromer JO, Wittmann C, Schroder H, Heinzle E 2006 Metabolic pathway analysis for rational design of L-methionine production by Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab. Eng. 8: 353-369.

Krone FA, Westphal G, Meyer HE, Schwenn JD 1990 PAPS-reductase of Escherichia coli. Correlating the N-terminal amino acid sequence with the DNA of gene cys H. FEBS Lett. 260: 6-9.

Krone FA, Westphal G, Schwenn JD 1991 Characterisation of the gene cysH and of its product phospho-adenylylsulphate reductase from Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225: 314-319.

Krueger RJ, Siegel LM 1982 Spinach siroheme enzymes: isolation and characterization of ferredoxin-sulfite reductase and comparison of properties with ferredoxin-nitrite reductase. Biochemistry 21: 2892-2904.

Kruse E, Mock HP, Grimm B 1995 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase from barley and tobacco--sequence analysis and initial expression studies. Planta 196: 796-803.

Kryger G, Petsko GA, Ouyang J, Viola RE 1992 Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 228: 300-301.

Kubigsteltig II, Weiler EW 2003 Arabidopsis mutants affected in the transcriptional control of allene oxide synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the entrance step in octadecanoid biosynthesis. Planta 217: 748-757.

Kujo C, Sakuraba H, Nunoura N, Ohshima T 1999 The NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum: cloning, sequencing, and expression of the enzyme gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1434: 365-371.

Kukimoto M, Nishiyama M, Murphy ME, Turley S, Adman ET, Horinouchi S, Beppu T 1994 X-ray structure and site-directed mutagenesis of a nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6: roles of two copper atoms in nitrite reduction. Biochemistry 33: 5246-5252.

Kumada Y, Takano E, Nagaoka K, Thompson CJ 1990 Streptomyces hygroscopicus has two glutamine synthetase genes. J. Bacteriol. 172: 5343-5351.

Kumar AM, Soll D 1992 Arabidopsis alternative oxidase sustains Escherichia coli respiration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 10842-10846.

Kumar R, Raclaru M, Schusseler T, Gruber J, Sadre R, Luhs W, Zarhloul KM, Friedt W, Enders D, Frentzen M, Weier D 2005 Characterisation of plant tocopherol cyclases and their overexpression in transgenic Brassica napus seeds. FEBS Lett. 579: 1357-1364.

Kummel A, Panke S, Heinemann M 2006 Putative regulatory sites unraveled by network-embedded thermodynamic analysis of metabolome data. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2: 2006.0034.

Kunin CM, Hua TH, Van Arsdale White L, Villarejo M 1992 Growth of Escherichia coli in human urine: role of salt tolerance and accumulation of glycine betaine. J. Infect. Dis. 166: 1311-1315.

Kunin CM, Rudy J 1991 Effect of NaCl-induced osmotic stress on intracellular concentrations of glycine betaine and potassium in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococci. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 118: 217-224.

Kunin CM, Tong HH, Miller DD, Abdel-Ghany Y, Poggi MC, LeRudulier D 1993 Effect of novel compound, 1-methyl-1-piperidino methane sulfonate (MPMS), on the osmoprotectant activity of glycine betaine, choline and L-proline in Escherichia coli. Arch. Microbiol. 160: 81-86.

Kunte HJ, Galinski EA 1995 Transposon mutagenesis in halophilic eubacteria: conjugal transfer and insertion of transposon Tn5 and Tn1732 in Halomonas elongata. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 128: 293-299.

Kunze G, Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Niehaus K, Boller T, Felix G 2004 The N terminus of bacterial elongation factor Tu elicits innate immunity in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Cell 16: 3496-3507.

Kunzler M, Paravicini G, Egli CM, Irniger S, Braus GH 1992 Cloning, primary structure and regulation of the ARO4 gene, encoding the tyrosine-inhibited 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 113: 67-74.

Kuo LC, Miller AW, Lee S, Kozuma C 1988 Site-directed mutagenesis of Escherichia coli ornithine transcarbamoylase: role of arginine-57 in substrate binding and catalysis. Biochemistry 27: 8823-8832.

Kuo WN, Kocis JM, Webb J 2002 Protein denitration/modification by Escherichia coli nitrate reductase and mammalian cytochrome P-450 reductase. Front. Biosci. 7: A9-A14.

Kuper J, Palmer T, Mendel RR, Schwarz G 2000 Mutations in the molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic protein Cnx1G from Arabidopsis thaliana define functions for molybdopterin binding, molybdenum insertion, and molybdenum cofactor stabilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 6475-6480.

Kupke T 2001 Molecular characterization of the 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase domain of bacterial Dfp flavoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 27597-27604.

Kupke T, Uebele M, Schmid D, Jung G, Blaesse M, Steinbacher S 2000 Molecular characterization of lantibiotic-synthesizing enzyme EpiD reveals a function for bacterial Dfp proteins in coenzyme A biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 31838-31846.

Kuramitsu S, Inoue K, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H 1985 Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the tyrB gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 133: 134-139.

Kuramitsu S, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H 1985 Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the ilvE gene and the deduced amino acid sequence. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 97: 993-999.

Kuramitsu S, Okuno S, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H 1985 Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 97: 1259-1262.

Kurihara S, Oda S, Tsuboi Y, Kim HG, Oshida M, Kumagai H, Suzuki H 2008 gamma-Glutamylputrescine synthetase in the putrescine utilization pathway of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 19981-19990.

Kurtov D, Kinghorn JR, Unkles SE 1999 The Aspergillus nidulans panB gene encodes ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, required for biosynthesis of pantothenate and Coenzyme A. Mol. Gen. Genet. 262: 115-120.

Kurys G, Shah PC, Kikonygo A, Reed D, Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R 1993 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. cDNA cloning and primary structure of the enzyme that catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-aminobutyraldehyde. Eur. J. Biochem. 218: 311-320.

Kutchan TM 1989 Expression of enzymatically active cloned strictosidine synthase from the higher plant Rauvolfia serpentina in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 257: 127-130.

Kutukova EA, Livshits VA, Altman IP, Ptitsyn LR, Zyiatdinov MH, Tokmakova IL, Zakataeva NP 2005 The yeaS (leuE) gene of Escherichia coli encodes an exporter of leucine, and the Lrp protein regulates its expression. FEBS Lett. 579: 4629-4634.

Kuznetsova E, Proudfoot M, Gonzalez CF, Brown G, Omelchenko MV, Borozan I, Carmel L, Wolf YI, Mori H, Savchenko AV, Arrowsmith CH, Koonin EV, Edwards AM, Yakunin AF 2006 Genome-wide analysis of substrate specificities of the Escherichia coli haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatase family. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 36149-36161.

Kuzuyama T, Takahashi S, Seto H 1999 Construction and characterization of Escherichia coli disruptants defective in the yaeM gene. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63: 776-778.

Kwon AR, Lee BI, Han BW, Ahn HJ, Yang JK, Yoon HJ, Suh SW 2002 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of aspartate 1-decarboxylase from Helicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 58: 861-863.

Kwon HB, Park SC, Peng HP, Goodman HM, Dewdney J, Shih MC 1994 Identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the B subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 105: 357-367.

Kyriakidis DA, Heller JS, Canellakis ES 1978 Modulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in Escherichia coli by positive and negative effectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 4699-4703.

L'vov NP, Nosikov AN, Antipov AN 2002 Tungsten-containing enzymes. Biochem. (Moscow) 67: 196-200.

Laber B, Gerbling KP, Harde C, Neff KH, Nordhoff E, Pohlenz HD 1994 Mechanisms of interaction of Escherichia coli threonine synthase with substrates and inhibitors. Biochemistry 33: 3413-3423.

Laber B, Gomis-Ruth FX, Romao MJ, Huber R 1992 Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Identification of the active site and crystallization. Biochem. J. 288: 691-695.

Laber B, Lindell SD, Pohlenz HD 1994 Inactivation of Escherichia coli threonine synthase by DL-Z-2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid. Arch. Microbiol. 161: 400-403.

Laber B, Maurer W, Hanke C, Grafe S, Ehlert S, Messerschmidt A, Clausen T 1999 Characterization of recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana threonine synthase. Eur. J. Biochem. 263: 212-221.

Lacombe E, Hawkins S, Van Doorsselaere J, Piquemal J, Goffner D, Poeydomenge O, Boudet AM, Grima-Pettenati J 1997 Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the first committed enzyme of the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships. Plant J. 11: 429-441.

Laflamme P, St-Pierre B, De Luca V 2001 Molecular and biochemical analysis of a Madagascar periwinkle root-specific minovincinine-19-hydroxy-O-acetyltransferase. Plant Physiol. 125: 189-198.

Lagerstedt JO, Voss JC, Wieslander A, Persson BL 2004 Structural modeling of dual-affinity purified Pho84 phosphate transporter. FEBS Lett. 578: 262-268.

Laing WA, Bulley S, Wright M, Cooney J, Jensen D, Barraclough D, Macrae E 2004 A highly specific L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase on the path to ascorbate biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 16976-16981.

Lakaye B, Wirtzfeld B, Wins P, Grisar T, Bettendorff L 2004 Thiamine triphosphate, a new signal required for optimal growth of Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 17142-17147.

Laksanalamai P, Maeder DL, Robb FT 2001 Regulation and mechanism of action of the small heat shock protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. J. Bacteriol. 183: 5198-5202.

Lalle M, Visconti S, Marra M, Camoni L, Velasco R, Aducci P 2005 ZmMPK6, a novel maize MAP kinase that interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 713-722.

Lamark T, Kaasen I, Eshoo MW, Falkenberg P, McDougall J, Strom AR 1991 DNA sequence and analysis of the bet genes encoding the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 5: 1049-1064.

Lamark T, Rokenes TP, McDougall J, Strom AR 1996 The complex bet promoters of Escherichia coli: regulation by oxygen (ArcA), choline (BetI), and osmotic stress. J. Bacteriol. 178: 1655-1662.

Lamark T, Styrvold OB, Strom AR 1992 Efflux of choline and glycine betaine from osmoregulating cells of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 75: 149-154.

Lamb HK, Dodds AL, Swatman DR, Cairns E, Hawkins AR 1997 Deletion of the N-terminal region of the AREA protein is correlated with a derepressed phenotype with respect to nitrogen metabolite repression. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6649-6656.

Lamberg KE, Kiley PJ 2000 FNR-dependent activation of the class II dmsA and narG promoters of Escherichia coli requires FNR-activating regions 1 and 3. Mol. Microbiol. 38: 817-827.

Landfald B, Strom AR 1986 Choline-glycine betaine pathway confers a high level of osmotic tolerance in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 165: 849-855.

Landgraf JR, Boxer JA, Calvo JM 1999 Escherichia coli Lrp (leucine-responsive regulatory protein) does not directly regulate expression of the leu operon promoter. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6547-6551.

Landis L, Xu JM, Johnson RC 1999 The cAMP receptor protein CRP can function as an osmoregulator of transcription in Escherichia coli. Genes & Dev. 13: 3081-3091.

Lane M, Meade J, Manian SS, O'Gara F 1986 Expression and regulation of the Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) in Rhizobium japonicum. Arch. Microbiol. 144: 29-34.

Lange BM, Croteau R 1999 Isoprenoid biosynthesis via a mevalonate-independent pathway in plants: cloning and heterologous expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase from peppermint. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 365: 170-174.

Lange BM, Wildung MR, McCaskill D, Croteau R 1998 A family of transketolases that directs isoprenoid biosynthesis via a mevalonate-independent pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2100-2104.

Lange BM, Wildung MR, Stauber EJ, Sanchez C, Pouchnik D, Croteau R 2000 Probing essential oil biosynthesis and secretion by functional evaluation of expressed sequence tags from mint glandular trichomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 2934-2939.

Langer K, Ache P, Geiger D, Stinzing A, Arend M, Wind C, Regan S, Fromm J, Hedrich R 2002 Poplar potassium transporters capable of controlling K+ homeostasis and K+-dependent xylogenesis. Plant J. 32: 997-1009.

Langer K, Levchenko V, Fromm J, Geiger D, Steinmeyer R, Lautner S, Ache P, Hedrich R 2004 The poplar K+ channel KPT1 is associated with K+ uptake during stomatal opening and bud development. Plant J. 37: 828-838.

Langeveld SM, Vennik M, Kottenhagen M, Van Wijk R, Buijk A, Kijne JW, De Pater S 2002 Glucosylation activity and complex formation of two classes of reversibly glycosylated polypeptides. Plant Physiol. 129: 278-289.

Lannenpaa M, Janonen I, Holtta-Vuori M, Gardemeister M, Porali I, Sopanen T 2004 A new SBP-box gene BpSPL1 in silver birch (Betula pendula). Physiol. Plant. 120: 491-500.

Large PJ 1992 Enzymes and pathways of polyamine breakdown in microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 88: 249-262.

Larsen PI, Sydnes LK, Landfald B, Strom AR 1987 Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli by accumulation of organic osmolytes: betaines, glutamic acid, and trehalose. Arch. Microbiol. 147: 1-7.

Larsen TM, Boehlein SK, Schuster SM, Richards NG, Thoden JB, Holden HM, Rayment I 1999 Three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B: a short journey from substrate to product. Biochemistry 38: 16146-16157.

Larsson J, Rasmuson-Lestander A 1994 Molecular-cloning of the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in Drosophila melanogaster. FEBS Lett. 342: 329-333.

Larsson KA, Zetterlund I, Delp G, Jonsson LM 2006 N-Methyltransferase involved in gramine biosynthesis in barley: cloning and characterization. Phytochemistry 67: 2002-2008.

Larsson S, Bjorkbacka H, Forsman C, Samuelsson G, Olsson O 1997 Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of carbonic anhydrase from Populus tremula x tremuloides. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 583-592.

Laskowski MJ, Dreher KA, Gehring MA, Abel S, Gensler AL, Sussex IM 2002 FQR1, a novel primary auxin-response gene, encodes a flavin mononucleotide-binding quinone reductase. Plant Physiol. 128: 578-590.

Laville J, Blumer C, Von Schroetter C, Gaia V, Defago G, Keel C, Haas D 1998 Characterization of the hcnABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase and anaerobic regulation by ANR in the strictly aerobic biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3187-3196.

Lawit SJ, Miller PW, Dunn WI, Mirabile JS, Schmidt RR 2003 Heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding Chlorella sorokiniana NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase wild-type and mutant subunits in Escherichia coli cells and comparison of kinetic and thermal stability properties of their homohexamers. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 605-616.

Lawley B, Pittard AJ 1994 Regulation of aroL expression by TyrR protein and Trp repressor in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 176: 6921-6930.

Lawrence SD, Greenwood JS, Korhnak TE, Davis JM 1997 A vegetative storage protein homolog is expressed in the growing shoot apex of hybrid poplar. Planta 203: 237-244.

Lawton JM, Doonan S 1998 Thermal inactivation and chaperonin-mediated renaturation of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. Biochem. J. 334: 219-224.

Lay VJ, Prescott AG, Thomas PG, John P 1996 Heterologous expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from kiwi fruit. Eur. J. Biochem. 242: 228-234.

Le Coq D, Fillinger S, Aymerich S 1999 Histidinol phosphate phosphatase, catalyzing the penultimate step of the histidine biosynthesis pathway, is encoded by ytvP (hisJ) in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3277-3280.

Le Guen L, Santos R, Camadro JM 1999 Functional analysis of the hemK gene product involvement in protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in yeast. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 175-182.

Le Rudulier D, Bouillard L 1983 Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46: 152-159.

Le Rudulier D, Strom AR, Dandekar AM, Smith LT, Valentine RC 1984 Molecular biology of osmoregulation. Science 224: 1064-1068.

Le Y, He J, Vining LC 1996 Streptomyces akiyoshiensis differs from other gram-positive bacteria in the organization of a core biosynthetic pathway gene for aspartate family amino acids. Microbiology 142: 791-798.

Lea PJ, Chen ZH, Leegood RC, Walker RP 2001 Does phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase have a role in both amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism? Amino Acids 20: 225-241.

Lebbink JH, Knapp S, van der Oost J, Rice D, Ladenstein R, de Vos WM 1998 Engineering activity and stability of Thermotoga maritima glutamate dehydrogenase. I. Introduction of a six-residue ion-pair network in the hinge region. J. Mol. Biol. 280: 287-296.

Leblanc N, Roux C, Pradier JM, Perrot-Rechenmann C 1997 Characterization of two cDNAs encoding auxin-binding proteins in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 679-689.

Lee B, Yen J, Yang L, Liao JC 1999 Incorporating qualitative knowledge in enzyme kinetic models using fuzzy logic. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62: 722-729.

Lee BH, Hibino T, Jo J, Viale AM, Takabe T 1997 Isolation and characterization of a dnaK genomic locus in a halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 763-775.

Lee DS, Rieger H 2007 Comparative study of the transcriptional regulatory networks of E. coli and yeast: structural characteristics leading to marginal dynamic stability. J. Theor. Biol. 248: 618-626.

Lee DY, Fan LT, Park S, Lee SY, Shafie S, Bertok B, Friedler F 2005 Complementary identification of multiple flux distributions and multiple metabolic pathways. Metab. Eng. 7: 182-200.

Lee EC, Walker RI, Guerry P 1985 Expression of Campylobacter genes for proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 1064-1067.

Lee EY, Huh JW, Yang SJ, Choi SY, Cho SW, Choi HJ 2003 Histidine 454 plays an important role in polymerization of human glutamate dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 540: 163-166.

Lee GJ, Vierling E 2000 A small heat shock protein cooperates with heat shock protein 70 systems to reactivate a heat-denatured protein. Plant Physiol. 122: 189-198.

Lee IS, Muragaki Y, Ideguchi T, Hase T, Tsuji M, Ooshima A, Okuno E, Kido R 1995 Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 from rat kidney. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117: 856-862.

Lee J, Bae H, Jeong J, Lee JY, Yang YY, Hwang I, Martinoia E, Lee Y 2003 Functional expression of a bacterial heavy metal transporter in Arabidopsis enhances resistance to and decreases uptake of heavy metals. Plant Physiol. 133: 589-596.

Lee JH, Wendt JC, Shanmugam KT 1990 Identification of a new gene, molR, essential for utilization of molybdate by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172: 2079-2087.

Lee KH, Cho MH, Chung T, Chang HN, Lim SH, Lee J 2003 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the Escherichia coli nar promoter, in gram-negative host strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 82: 271-277.

Lee KM, Rhee CH, Kang CK, Kim JH 2006 Statistical medium formulation and process modeling by mixture design of experiment for peptide overexpression in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 135: 81-110.

Lee M, Leustek T 1999 Identification of the gene encoding homoserine kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of the recombinant enzyme derived from the gene. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 372: 135-142.

Lee M, Martin MN, Hudson AO, Lee J, Muhitch MJ, Leustek T 2005 Methionine and threonine synthesis are limited by homoserine availability and not the activity of homoserine kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 41: 685-696.

Lee MK, Gonzalez JM, Robb FT 2002 Extremely thermostable glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from the freshwater archaeon Thermococcus waiotapuensis: cloning and comparison with two marine hyperthermophilic GDHs. Extremophiles 6: 151-159.

Lee PC, Petri R, Mijts BN, Watts KT, Schmidt-Dannert C 2005 Directed evolution of Escherichia coli farnesyl diphosphate synthase (IspA) reveals novel structural determinants of chain length specificity. Metab. Eng. 7: 18-26.

Lee SB, Bailey JE 2000 Analysis of growth rate effects on productivity of recombinant Escherichia coli populations using molecular mechanism models. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67: 805-812.

Lee SG, Choi TJ, Kim YT 1996 High level expression and purification of recombinant 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases in Escherichia coli. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6: 162-166.

Lee SG, Liao JC 2008 Control of acetate production rate in Escherichia coli by regulating expression of single-copy pta using lacI(Q) in multicopy plasmid. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18: 334-337.

Lee SJ, Lee DY, Kim TY, Kim BH, Lee J, Lee SY 2005 Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced production of succinic acid, based on genome comparison and in silico gene knockout simulation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 7880-7887.

Lee SY, Lee DY, Hong SH, Kim TY, Yun H, Oh YG, Park S 2003 MetaFluxNet, a program package for metabolic pathway construction and analysis, and its use in large-scale metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli. Genome Inform. Ser. Workshop Genome Inform. 14: 23-33.

Lee W, Dasilva NA 2006 Application of sequential integration for metabolic engineering of 1,2-propanediol production in yeast. Metab. Eng. 8: 58-65.

Lee Y, Choi YA, Hwang ID, Kim SG, Kwon YM 2001 cDNA cloning of two isoforms of ornithine carbamoyltransferase from Canavalia lineata leaves and the effect of site-directed mutagenesis of the carbamoyl phosphate binding site. Plant Mol. Biol. 46: 651-660.

Lee YS, Cho YD 2001 Identification of essential active-site residues in ornithine decarboxylase of Nicotiana glutinosa decarboxylating both L-ornithine and L-lysine. Biochem. J. 360: 657-665.

Lee YS, Park SC, Goldberg AL, Chung CH 1988 Protease So from Escherichia coli preferentially degrades oxidatively damaged glutamine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 6643-6646.

Lee YY, Shearer N, Spiro S 2006 Transcription factor NNR from Paracoccus denitrificans is a sensor of both nitric oxide and oxygen: isolation of nnr* alleles encoding effector-independent proteins and evidence for a haem-based sensing mechanism. Microbiology 152: 1461-14670.

Leech AP, Boetzel R, McDonald C, Shrive AK, Moore GR, Coggins JR, Sawyer L, Kleanthous C 1998 Re-evaluating the role of His-143 in the mechanism of type I dehydroquinase from Escherichia coli using two-dimensional 1H,13C NMR. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 9602-9607.

Lehfeldt C, Shirley AM, Meyer K, Ruegger MO, Cusumano JC, Viitanen PV, Strack D, Chapple C 2000 Cloning of the SNG1 gene of Arabidopsis reveals a role for a serine carboxypeptidase-like protein as an acyltransferase in secondary metabolism. Plant Cell 12: 1295-1306.

Lei M, Aebi U, Heidner EG, Eisenberg D 1979 Limited proteolysis of glutamine synthetase is inhibited by glutamate and by feedback inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 3129-3134.

Leimkuhler S, Klipp W 1999 The molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MobA from Rhodobacter capsulatus is required for the activity of molybdenum enzymes containing MGD, but not for xanthine dehydrogenase harboring the MPT cofactor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 174: 239-246.

Lemaire SD, Collin V, Keryer E, Quesada A, Miginiac-Maslow M 2003 Characterization of thioredoxin y, a new type of thioredoxin identified in the genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FEBS Lett. 543: 87-92.

Lengeler JW 2000 Metabolic networks: a signal-oriented approach to cellular models. Biol. Chem. 381: 911-920.

Leon S, Touraine B, Briat JF, Lobreaux S 2005 Mitochondrial localization of Arabidopsis thaliana Isu Fe-S scaffold proteins. FEBS Lett. 579: 1930-1934.

Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Verhagen BW, Keurentjes JJ, Van Pelt JA, Rep M, Van Loon LC, Pieterse CM 2005 Colonization of the Arabidopsis rhizosphere by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. activates a root-specific, ethylene-responsive PR-5 gene in the vascular bundle. Plant Mol. Biol. 57: 731-748.

Leonard E, Yan Y, Fowler ZL, Li Z, Lim CG, Lim KH, Koffas MA 2008 Strain improvement of recombinant Escherichia coli for efficient production of plant flavonoids. Mol. Pharm. 5: 257-265.

Leonard E, Yan Y, Koffas MA 2006 Functional expression of a P450 flavonoid hydroxylase for the biosynthesis of plant-specific hydroxylated flavonols in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 8: 172-181.

Leonardi R, Fairhurst SA, Kriek M, Lowe DJ, Roach PL 2003 Thiamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: isolation and initial characterisation of the ThiGH complex. FEBS Lett. 539: 95-99.

Leonardi R, Roach PL 2004 Thiamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: in vitro reconstitution of the thiazole synthase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 17054-17062.

Leonhartsberger S, Korsa I, Bock A 2002 The molecular biology of formate metabolism in enterobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 4: 269-276.

Lepo JE, Stacey G, Wyss O, Tabita FR 1979 The purification of glutamine synthetase from Azotobacter and other procaryotes by blue sepharose chromatography. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 568: 428-436.

Leppanen VM, Merckel MC, Ollis DL, Wong KK, Kozarich JW, Goldman A 1999 Pyruvate formate lyase is structurally homologous to type I ribonucleotide reductase. Structure Fold. Des. 7: 733-744.

Leppanen VM, Parast CV, Wong KK, Kozarich JW, Goldman A 1999 Purification and crystallization of a proteolytic fragment of Escherichia coli pyruvate formate-lyase. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 55: 531-533.

Leranoz AM, Fuste MC, Vinas M, Hull RA, Williams RP 1991 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a gene encoding proline oxidase of Serratia marcescens. Microbios 67: 87-94.

Lerchl J, Geigenberger P, Stitt M, Sonnewald U 1995 Impaired photoassimilate partitioning caused by phloem-specific removal of pyrophosphate can be complemented by a phloem-specific cytosolic yeast-derived invertase in transgenic plants. Plant Cell 7: 259-270.

Lerondel G, Doan T, Zamboni N, Sauer U, Aymerich S 2006 YtsJ has the major physiological role of the four paralogous malic enzyme isoforms in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 188: 4727-4736.

Lester DR, Ross JJ, Smith JJ, Elliott RC, Reid JB 1999 Gibberellin 2-oxidation and the SLN gene of Pisum sativum. Plant J. 19: 65-73.

Leustek T, Saito K 1999 Sulfate transport and assimilation in plants. Plant Physiol. 120: 637-644.

Leustek T, Smith M, Murillo M, Singh DP, Smith AG, Woodcock SC, Awan SJ, Warren MJ 1997 Siroheme biosynthesis in higher plants. Analysis of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 2744-2752.

Levine RL 1983 Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. I. Inactivation is due to loss of one histidine residue. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 11823-11827.

Levine RL 2002 Carbonyl modified proteins in cellular regulation, aging, and disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32: 790-796.

Levine RL, Berlett BS, Moskovitz J, Mosoni L, Stadtman ER 1999 Methionine residues may protect proteins from critical oxidative damage. Mech. Ageing Dev. 107: 323-332.

Levine RL, Mosoni L, Berlett BS, Stadtman ER 1996 Methionine residues as endogenous antioxidants in proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 15036-15040.

Levy S, Danchin A 1988 Phylogeny of metabolic pathways: O-acetylserine sulphydrylase A is homologous to the tryptophan synthase beta subunit. Mol. Microbiol. 2: 777-783.

Levy-Rimler G, Bell RE, Ben-Tal N, Azem A 2002 Type I chaperonins: not all are created equal. FEBS Lett. 529: 1-5.

Li AD, Anderson LE 1997 Expression and characterization of pea chloroplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase composed of only the B-subunit. Plant Physiol. 115: 1201-1209.

Li C, Peck HD Jr, Przybyla AE 1987 Cloning of the 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate reductase and sulfite reductase genes from Escherichia coli K-12. Gene 53: 227-234.

Li D, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang X, Song F 2008 OsBIRH1, a DEAD-box RNA helicase with functions in modulating defence responses against pathogen infection and oxidative stress. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2133-2146.

Li J, Zhao J, Rose AB, Schmidt R, Last RL 1995 Arabidopsis phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase: molecular genetic analysis of triplicate tryptophan pathway genes. Plant Cell 7: 447-461.

Li JF, Qu LH, Li N 2005 Tyr152 plays a central role in the catalysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2203-2210.

Li L, Lin K, Correia JJ, Pilkis SJ 1992 Lysine 356 is a critical residue for binding the C-6 phospho group of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16669-16675.

Li L, Ling S, Wu Cl, Yao W, Xu G 1997 Separate bisphosphatase domain of chicken liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: the role of the C-terminal tail in modulating enzyme activity. Biochem. J. 328: 751-756.

Li L, Osakabe Y, Joshi CP, Chiang VL 1999 Secondary xylem-specific expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase plays an important role in the methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 555-565.

Li M, Ho PY, Yao S, Shimizu K 2006 Effect of lpdA gene knockout on the metabolism in Escherichia coli based on enzyme activities, intracellular metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux analysis by (13)C-labeling experiments. J. Biotechnol. 122: 254-266.

Li M, Huang W, Yang Q, Liu X, Wu Q 2005 Expression and oxidative stress tolerance studies of glutaredoxin from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 42: 85-91.

Li N, Jiang XN, Cai GP, Yang SF 1996 A novel bifunctional fusion enzyme catalyzing ethylene synthesis via 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 25738-25741.

Li R, Haile JD, Kennelly PJ 2003 An arsenate reductase from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 exhibits a novel combination of catalytic characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 185: 6780-6789.

Li W, Brandriss MC 1992 Proline biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: molecular analysis of the PRO1 gene, which encodes gamma-glutamyl kinase. J. Bacteriol. 174: 4148-4156.

Li Y, Dhankher OP, Carreira L, Lee D, Chen A, Schroeder JI, Balish RS, Meagher RB 2004 Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced arsenic tolerance and cadmium hypersensitivity. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1787-1797.

Li YF, Hess S, Pannell LK, White Tabor C, Tabor H 2001 In vivo mechanism-based inactivation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 10578-10583.

Liang A, Houghton RL 1981 Coregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in enteric bacteria during nitrogen limitation. J. Bacteriol. 146: 997-1002.

Liang X, Abel S, Keller JA, Shen NF, Theologis A 1992 The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 11046-11050.

Liang Zhu Y, Pilon-Smits EA, Jouanin L, Terry N 1999 Overexpression of glutathione synthetase in indian mustard enhances cadmium accumulation and tolerance. Plant Physiol. 119: 73-80.

Liao HH, Hseu TH 1998 Analysis of the regulatory region of the lysC gene of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 168: 31-36.

Liao JC 1999 Inverse flux analysis. J. Biotechnol. 71: 259-262.

Liao JC, Hou SY, Chao YP 1996 Pathway analysis, engineering, and physiological considerations for redirecting central metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 52: 129-140.

Liao XY, Shen W, Chen J, Li Y, Du GC 2006 Improved glutathione production by gene expression in Escherichia coli. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43: 211-214.

Liaw SH, Villafranca JJ, Eisenberg D 1993 A model for oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase, based on crystal structures of mutant H269N and the oxidized enzyme. Biochemistry 32: 7999-8003.

Liepman AH, Olsen LI 2004 Genomic analysis of aminotransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 23: 73-89.

Liepman AH, Olsen LJ 2001 Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1) is a photorespiratory enzyme with multiple substrates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 25: 487-498.

Liepman AH, Olsen LJ 2003 Alanine aminotransferase homologs catalyze the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase reaction in peroxisomes of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 215-227.

Lightfoot DA, Baron AJ, Cock JM, Wootton JC 1992 A nitrate reductase gene of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC6301 inferred by heterologous hybridization, cloning and targeted mutagenesis. Genetica 85: 107-117.

Lillig CH, Prior A, Schwenn JD, Aslund F, Ritz D, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Holmgren A 1999 New thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as electron donors of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 7695-7698.

Lim WK, Sarkar SK, Hardman JK 1991 Enzymatic properties of mutant Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase alpha-subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 20205-20212.

Lim WK, Shin HJ, Milton DL, Hardman JK 1991 Relative activities and stabilities of mutant Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase alpha subunits. J. Bacteriol. 173: 1886-1893.

Limauro D, Falciatore A, Basso AL, Forlani G, DeFelice M 1996 Proline biosynthesis in Streptococcus thermophilus: Characterization of the proBA operon and its products. Microbiology 142: 3275-3282.

Lin BF, Huang RF, Shane B 1993 Regulation of folate and one-carbon metabolism in mammalian cells. III. Role of mitochondrial folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 21674-21679.

Lin BF, Shane B 1994 Expression of Escherichia coli folylpolyglutamate synthetase in the Chinese hamster ovary cell mitochondrion. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9705-9713.

Lin C, Paradkar AS, Vining LC 1998 Regulation of an anthranilate synthase gene in Streptomyces venezuelae by a trp attenuator. Microbiology 144: 1971-1980.

Lin H, Bennett GN, San KY 2005 Chemostat culture characterization of Escherichia coli mutant strains metabolically engineered for aerobic succinate production: a study of the modified metabolic network based on metabolite profile, enzyme activity, and gene expression profile. Metab. Eng. 7: 337-352.

Lin H, Bennett GN, San KY 2005 Metabolic engineering of aerobic succinate production systems in Escherichia coli to improve process productivity and achieve the maximum theoretical succinate yield. Metab. Eng. 7: 116-127.

Lin JW, Yu KY, Chen HY, Weng SF 1996 Regulatory region with putA gene of proline dehydrogenase that links to the lum and the lux operons in Photobacterium leiognathi. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 219: 868-875.

Lin LJ, Tai SS, Peng CC, Tzen JT 2002 Steroleosin, a sterol-binding dehydrogenase in seed oil bodies. Plant Physiol. 128: 1200-1211.

Lin PH, Su SC, Tsai YC, Lee CY 2002 Identification and characterization of a new gene from Variovorax paradoxus Iso1 encoding N-acyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase responsible for D-amino acid production. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4868-4878.

Lin WY, Dombrosky P, Atkins WM, Villafranca JJ 1991 Terbium(III) luminescence study of tyrosine emission from Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 30: 3427-3431.

Lin WY, Eads CD, Villafranca JJ 1991 Fluorescent probes for measuring the binding constants and distances between the metal ions bound to Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 30: 3421-3426.

Lin Y, Hansen JN 1995 Characterization of a chimeric proU operon in a subtilin-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6874-6880.

Lin Y, Ulanov AV, Lozovaya V, Widholm J, Zhang G, Guo J, Goodman HM 2006 Genetic and transgenic perturbations of carbon reserve production in Arabidopsis seeds reveal metabolic interactions of biochemical pathways. Planta 225: 153-164.

Lin YF, Walmsley AR, Rosen BP 2006 An arsenic metallochaperone for an arsenic detoxification pump. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 15617-15622.

Lin YK, Myhrman R, Schrag ML, Gelb MH 1988 Bacterial N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase. Purification, partial characterization, and substrate specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 1622-1627.

Linde K, Grobner G, Rilfors L 2004 Lipid dependence and activity control of phosphatidylserine synthase from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 575: 77-80.

Lindermayr C, Mollers B, Fliegmann J, Uhlmann A, Lottspeich F, Meimberg H, Ebel J 2002 Divergent members of a soybean (Glycine max L.) 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase gene family. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1304-1315.

Ling M, Allen SW, Wood JM 1994 Sequence analysis identifies the proline dehydrogenase and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase domains of the multifunctional Escherichia coli PutA protein. J. Mol. Biol. 243: 950-956.

Linley PJ, Landsberger M, Kohchi T, Cooper JB, Terry MJ 2006 The molecular basis of heme oxygenase deficiency in the pcd1 mutant of pea. FEBS J. 273: 2594-2606.

Lisse T, Bartels D, Kalbitzer HR, Jaenicke R 1996 The recombinant dehydrin-like desiccation stress protein from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum displays no defined three-dimensional structure in its native state. Biol. Chem. 377: 555-561.

Liszewska F, Blaszczyk A, Sirko A 2001 Modification of non-protein thiols contents in transgenic tobacco plants producing bacterial enzymes of cysteine biosynthesis pathway. Acta Biochim. Pol. 48: 647-656.

Little R, Colombo V, Leech A, Dixon R 2002 Direct interaction of the NifL regulatory protein with the GlnK signal transducer enables the Azotobacter vinelandii NifL-NifA regulatory system to respond to conditions replete for nitrogen. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 15472-15481.

Little S, Hyde S, Campbell CJ, Lilley RJ, Robinson MK 1989 Translational coupling in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 171: 3518-3522.

Liu J, Magasanik B 1993 The glnB region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. J. Bacteriol. 175: 7441-7449.

Liu J, Magasanik B 1995 Activation of the dephosphorylation of nitrogen regulator I-phosphate of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 177: 926-931.

Liu JQ, Nagata S, Dairi T, Misono H, Shimizu S, Yamada H 1997 The GLY1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific L-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine. Eur. J. Biochem. 245: 289-293.

Liu JQ, Odani M, Dairi T, Itoh N, Shimizu S, Yamada H 1999 A new route to L-threo-3-[4-(methylthio)phenylserine], a key intermediate for the synthesis of antibiotics: recombinant low-specificity D-threonine aldolase-catalyzed stereospecific resolution. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51: 586-591.

Liu JY, Le Y, Ye B, Zhen Y, Zhu CM, Shen J, Zhang RQ 2002 Tabtoxin-resistant protein: Overexpression, purification, and characterization. Protein Expr. Purif. 24: 439-444.

Liu LJ, Iwata K, Yohda M, Miki K 2002 Structural insight into gene duplication, gene fusion and domain swapping in the evolution of PLP-independent amino acid racemases. FEBS Lett. 528: 114-118.

Liu MT, Wuebbens MM, Rajagopalan KV, Schindelin H 2000 Crystal structure of the gephyrin-related molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MogA from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 1814-1822.

Liu T, Nakashima S, Hirose K, Uemura Y, Shibasaka M, Katsuhara M, Kasamo K 2003 A metallothionein and CPx-ATPase handle heavy-metal tolerance in the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis. FEBS Lett. 542: 159-163.

Liu W, Xu ZH, Luo D, Xue HW 2003 Roles of OsCKI1, a rice casein kinase I, in root development and plant hormone sensitivity. Plant J. 36: 189-202.

Liu X, DeMoss JA 1997 Characterization of NarJ, a system-specific chaperone required for nitrate reductase biogenesis in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 24266-24271.

Liu Y, Dammann C, Bhattacharyya MK 2001 The matrix metalloproteinase gene GmMMP2 is activated in response to pathogenic infections in soybean. Plant Physiol. 127: 1788-1797.

Liu YJ, Li PP, Zhao KX, Wang BJ, Jiang CY, Drake HL, Liu SJ 2008 Corynebacterium glutamicum contains 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthases that display novel biochemical features. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Jul 11 [Epub ahead of print].

Liu Z, Xia M, Poovaiah BW 1998 Chimeric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in tobacco: differential regulation by calmodulin isoforms. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 889-897.

Llacer JL, Polo LM, Tavarez S, Alarcon B, Hilario R, Rubio V 2007 The gene cluster for agmatine catabolism of Enterococcus faecalis: study of recombinant putrescine transcarbamylase and agmatine deiminase and a snapshot of agmatine deiminase catalyzing its reaction J. Bacteriol. 189: 1254-1265.

Llama-Palacios A, Lopez-Solanilla E, Poza-Carrion C, Garcia-Olmedo F, Rodriguez-Palenzuela P 2003 The Erwinia chrysanthemi phoP-phoQ operon plays an important role in growth at low pH, virulence and bacterial survival in plant tissue. Mol. Microbiol. 49: 347-357.

Llamas A, Igeno MI, Galvan A, Fernandez E 2002 Nitrate signalling on the nitrate reductase gene promoter depends directly on the activity of the nitrate transport systems in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 30: 261-271.

Llamas A, Tejada-Jimenez M, Gonzalez-Ballester D, Higuera JJ, Schwarz G, Galvan A, Fernandez E 2007 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CNX1E reconstitutes molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli mutants. Eukaryot. Cell 6: 1063-1067.

Lloyd JR, Blennow A, Burhenne K, Kossmann J 2004 Repression of a novel isoform of disproportionating enzyme (stDPE2) in potato leads to inhibition of starch degradation in leaves but not tubers stored at low temperature. Plant Physiol. 134: 1347-1354.

Lo M, Taylor C, Wang L, Nowack L, Wang TW, Thompson J 2004 Characterization of an ultraviolet B-induced lipase in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135: 947-958.

Lobley CM, Schmitzberger F, Kilkenny ML, Whitney H, Ottenhof HH, Chakauya E, Webb ME, Birch LM, Tuck KL, Abell C, Smith AG, Blundell TL 2003 Structural insights into the evolution of the pantothenate-biosynthesis pathway. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31: 563-571.

Lodwig E, Kumar S, Allaway D, Bourdes A, Prell J, Priefer U, Poole P 2004 Regulation of L-alanine dehydrogenase in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and its role in pea nodules. J. Bacteriol. 186: 842-849.

Logusch EW, Walker DM, McDonald JF, Franz JE, Villafranca JJ, DiIanni CL, Colanduoni JA, Li B, Schineller JB 1990 Inhibition of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by alpha- and gamma-substituted phosphinothricins. Biochemistry 29: 366-372.

Loh YT, Martin GB 1995 The Pto bacterial resistance gene and the Fen insecticide sensitivity gene encode functional protein kinases with serine/threonine specificity. Plant Physiol. 108: 1735-1739.

Lohman TM, Bjornson KP 1996 Mechanisms of helicase-catalyzed DNA unwinding. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 169-214.

Lois LM, Campos N, Putra SR, Danielsen K, Rohmer M, Boronat A 1998 Cloning and characterization of a gene from Escherichia coli encoding a transketolase-like enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2105-2110.

London RE, Allen DL, Gabel SA, DeRose EF 1999 Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of metabolism of propionate by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3562-3570.

Lopes-Lutz D, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Kolodziejczyk PP 2008 Screening of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Artemisia essential oils. Phytochemistry 69: 1732-1738.

Lopez Jaramillo J, Chueca A, Jacquot JP, Hermoso R, Lazaro JJ, Sahrawy M, Lopez Gorge J 1997 High-yield expression of pea thioredoxin m and assessment of its efficiency in chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activation. Plant Physiol. 114: 1169-1175.

Lopez-Meyer M, Nessler CL 1997 Tryptophan decarboxylase is encoded by two autonomously regulated genes in Camptotheca acuminata which are differentially expressed during development and stress. Plant J. 11: 1167-1175.

Lorenzo O, Nicolas C, Nicolas G, Rodriguez D 2002 GA(3)-induced expression of a new functional AAA-ATPase (FsA1) is correlated with the onset of germination in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds (beechnuts). Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 27-34.

Louis P, Galinski EA 1997 Characterization of genes for the biosynthesis of the compatible solute ectoine from Marinococcus halophilus and osmoregulated expression in Escherichia coli. Microbiology 143: 1141-1149.

Loulakakis KA, Primikirios NI, Nikolantonakis MA, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA 2002 Immunocharacterization of Vitis vinifera L. ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, and its spatial and temporal changes during leaf development. Planta 215: 630-638.

Lowe KE, Osborne CB, Lin BF, Kim JS, Hsu JC, Shane B 1993 Regulation of folate and one-carbon metabolism in mammalian cells. II. Effect of f-g-g synthetase substrate specificity and level on folate metabolism and f-g-gl specificity of metabolic cycles of one-carbon metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 21665-21673.

Lozada-Ramirez JD, Martinez-Martinez I, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Garcia-Carmona F 2008 S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, overexpression, purification, and biochemical characterization. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Feb 4 [Epub ahead of print].

Lu C, Bentley WE, Rao G 2003 Comparisons of oxidative stress response genes in aerobic Escherichia coli fermentations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 864-870.

Lu G, Campbell W, Lindqvist Y, Schneider G 1992 Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the FAD domain of corn NADH: nitrate reductase. J. Mol. Biol. 224: 277-279.

Lu G, Sehnke PC, Ferl RJ 1994 Phosphorylation and calcium binding properties of an Arabidopsis GF14 brain protein homolog. Plant Cell 6: 501-510.

Lu JH, Liao CC 1997 Site-directed mutagenesis of the aspartokinase gene lysC and its characterization in Brevibacterium flavum. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 24: 211-213.

Lu T, Wu Y, Song H 1997 Nucleotide sequence of gltB gene encoding the large subunit of Rhodobacter sphaeroides glutamate synthase. Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao 37: 87-94.

Lu W, Zhao B, Feng D, Yang S 2004 Cloning and characterization of the Halobacillus trueperi betH gene, encoding the transport system for the compatible solute glycine betaine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 235: 393-399.

Lu WD, Chi ZM, Su CD 2006 Identification of glycine betaine as compatible solute in Synechococcus sp. WH8102 and characterization of its N-methyltransferase genes involved in betaine synthesis. Arch. Microbiol. 186: 495-506.

Lu Y, Sharkey TD 2004 The role of amylomaltase in maltose metabolism in the cytosol of photosynthetic cells. Planta 218: 466-473.

Lu Y, Steichen JM, Yao J, Sharkey TD 2006 The role of cytosolic {alpha}-glucan phosphorylase in maltose metabolism and the comparison of amylomaltase in Arabidopsis and Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 142: 878-889.

Lubitz SP, Weiner JH 2003 The Escherichia coli ynfEFGHI operon encodes polypeptides which are paralogues of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DmsABC). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 418: 205-216.

Lucht JM, Bremer E 1994 Adaptation of Escherichia coli to high osmolarity environments: osmoregulation of the high-affinity glycine betaine transport system proU. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 14: 3-20.

Lucht JM, Bremer E 1991 Characterization of mutations affecting the osmoregulated proU promoter of Escherichia coli and identification of 5' sequences required for high-level expression. J. Bacteriol. 173: 801-809.

Lucker J, El Tamer MK, Schwab W, Verstappen FW, van der Plas LH, Bouwmeester HJ, Verhoeven HA 2002 Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon). cDNA isolation and functional analysis of four monoterpene synthases. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3160-3171.

Luka Z, Ham AJ, Norris JL, Yeo EJ, Yermalitsky V, Glenn B, Caprioli RM, Liebler DC, Wagner C 2006 Identification of phosphorylation sites in glycine N-methyltransferase from rat liver. Protein Sci. 15: 785-794.

Luka Z, Wagner C 2003 Expression and purification of glycine N-methyltransferases in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 28: 280-286.

Luka Z, Wagner C 2003 Effect of naturally occurring mutations in human glycine N-methyltransferase on activity and conformation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 312: 1067-1072.

Lukacin R, Groning I, Schiltz E, Britsch L, Matern U 2000 Purification of recombinant flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase from petunia hybrida and assignment of the primary site of proteolytic degradation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375: 364-370.

Lukacin R, Matern U, Specker S, Vogt T 2004 Cations modulate the substrate specificity of bifunctional class I O-methyltransferase from Ammi majus. FEBS Lett. 577: 367-370.

Lukacin R, Wellmann F, Britsch L, Martens S, Matern U 2003 Flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu is a bifunctional dioxygenase. Phytochemistry 62: 287-292.

Lundrigan MD, De Veaux LC, Mann BJ, Kadner RJ 1987 Separate regulatory systems for the repression of metE and btuB by vitamin B12 in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 206: 401-407.

Lunn FA, Macleod TJ, Bearne SL 2008 Mutational analysis of conserved glycine residues 142, 143 and 146 reveals Gly(142) is critical for tetramerization of CTP synthase from Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 412: 113-121.

Lunn JE 2002 Evolution of sucrose synthesis. Plant Physiol. 128: 1490-1500.

Lunn JE, Ashton AR, Hatch MD, Heldt HW 2000 Purification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis of sucrose-6F-phosphate phosphohydrolase from plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 12914-12919.

Lunn JE, Price GD, Furbank RT 1999 Cloning and expression of a prokaryotic sucrose-phosphate synthase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 297-305.

Lunzer M, Miller SP, Felsheim R, Dean AM 2005 The biochemical architecture of an ancient adaptive landscape. Science 310: 499-501.

Luo M, Weinstein JD, Walker CJ 1999 Magnesium chelatase subunit D from pea: characterization of the cDNA, heterologous expression of an enzymatically active protein and immunoassay of the native protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 721-731.

Luo YE, Fan DD, Shang LA, Shi HJ, Ma XX, Mi Y, Zhao GF 2008 Analysis of metabolic flux in Escherichia coli expressing human-like collagen in fed-batch culture. Biotechnol. Lett. 30: 637-643.

Luong TN, Kirsch JF 1997 A continuous coupled spectrophotometric assay for tyrosine aminotransferase activity with aromatic and other nonpolar amino acids. Anal. Biochem. 253: 46-49.

Lupold DS, Caoile AG, Stern DB 1999 Polyadenylation occurs at multiple sites in maize mitochondrial cox2 mRNA and is independent of editing status. Plant Cell 11: 1565-1578.

Lutke-Eversloh T, Steinbuchel A 1999 Biochemical and molecular characterization of a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase involved in the catabolism of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in Ralstonia eutropha. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 181: 63-71.

Lutkenhaus J 2007 Assembly dynamics of the bacterial MinCDE system and spatial regulation of the Z ring. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 76: 539-562.

Lutz KA, Knapp JE, Maliga P 2001 Expression of bar in the plastid genome confers herbicide resistance. Plant Physiol. 125: 1585-1590.

Ly A, Henderson J, Lu A, Culham DE, Wood JM 2004 Osmoregulatory systems of Escherichia coli: Identification of betaine- carnitine-choline transporter family member BetU and distributions of betU and trkG among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. J. Bacteriol. 186: 296-306.

Lyi SM, Heller LI, Rutzke M, Welch RM, Kochian LV, Li L 2005 Molecular and biochemical characterization of the selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase gene and Se-methylselenocysteine synthesis in broccoli. Plant Physiol. 138: 409-420.

Lyngstadaas A, Lobner-Olesen A, Boye E 1995 Characterization of three genes in the dam-containing operon of Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247: 546-554.

Lynn SP, Bauer CE, Chapman K, Gardner JF 1985 Identification and characterization of mutants affecting transcription termination at the threonine operon attenuator. J. Mol. Biol. 183: 529-541.

Lytovchenko A, Hajirezaei M, Eickmeier I, Mittendorf V, Sonnewald U, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR 2005 Expression of an Escherichia coli phosphoglucomutase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) results in minor changes in tuber metabolism and a considerable delay in tuber sprouting. Planta 221: 915-927.

Maaheimo H, Fiaux J, Cakar ZP, Bailey JE, Sauer U, Szyperski T 2001 Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae explored by biosynthetic fractional C-13 labeling of common amino acids. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 2464-2479.

Mabood F, Smith DL 2005 Pre-incubation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with jasmonates accelerates nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max) at optimal and suboptimal root zone temperatures. Physiol. Plant. 125: 311-323.

MacDonald H, Cole J 1985 Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the cysG and nirB genes of Escherichia coli K12, two closely-linked genes required for NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity. Mol. Gen. Genet. 200: 328-334.

MacDonald H, Pope NR, Cole JA 1985 Isolation, characterization and complementation analysis of nirB mutants of Escherichia coli deficient only in NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 2771-2782.

Macherel D, Bourguignon J, Forest E, Faure M, Cohen-Addad C, Douce R 1996 Expression, lipoylation and structure determination of recombinant pea H-protein in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 236: 27-33.

MacKintosh C, Nimmo HG 1988 Purification and regulatory properties of isocitrate lyase from Escherichia coli ML308. Biochem. J. 250: 25-31.

MacKintosh C, Nimmo HG 1986 Purification and properties of Escherichia coli isocitrate lyase. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 14: 320-321.

MacMillan J, Ward DA, Phillips AL, Sanchez-Beltran MJ, Gaskin P, Lange T, Hedden P 1997 Gibberellin biosynthesis from gibberellin A12-aldehyde in endosperm and embryos of Marah macrocarpus. Plant Physiol. 113: 1369-1377.

MacMillan SV, Alexander DA, Culham DE, Kunte HJ, Marshall EV, Rochon D, Wood JM 1999 The ion coupling and organic substrate specificities of osmoregulatory transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1420: 30-44.

Macol C, Dutta M, Stec B, Tsuruta H, Kantrowitz ER 1999 The 80s loop of the catalytic chain of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase is critical for catalysis and homotropic cooperativity. Protein Sci. 8: 1305-1313.

Macrae M, Coffino P 1987 Complementation of a polyamine-deficient Escherichia coli mutant by expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase. Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 564-567.

Maeda K, Finnie C, OStergaard O, Svensson B 2003 Identification, cloning and characterization of two thioredoxin h isoforms, HvTrxh1 and HvTrxh2, from the barley seed proteome. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 2633-2643.

Magalhaes M, Pereira C, Basso L, Santos D 2002 Cloning and expression of functional shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Protein Expr. Purif. 26: 59-64.

Magalon A, Asso M, Guigliarelli B, Rothery RA, Bertrand P, Giordano G, Blasco F 1998 Molybdenum cofactor properties and [Fe-S] cluster coordination in Escherichia coli nitrate reductase A: investigation by site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved his-50 residue in the NarG subunit. Biochemistry 37: 7363-7370.

Magalon A, Rothery RA, Lemesle-Meunier D, Frixon C, Weiner JH, Blasco F 1998 Inhibitor binding within the NarI subunit (cytochrome bnr) of Escherichia coli nitrate reductase A. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 10851-10856.

Magasanik B, Bueno R 1985 The role of uridylyltransferase and PII in the regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 27: 215-220.

Mahadevan R, Bond DR, Butler JE, Esteve-Nunez A, Coppi MV, Palsson BO, Schilling CH, Lovley DR 2006 Characterization of metabolism in the Fe(III)-reducing organism Geobacter sulfurreducens by constraint-based modeling. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 1558-1568.

Mahadevan R, Edwards JS, Doyle FJ 3rd 2002 Dynamic flux balance analysis of diauxic growth in Escherichia coli. Biophys. J. 83: 1331-1340.

Mahan MJ, Csonka LN 1983 Genetic analysis of the proBA genes of Salmonella typhimurium: physical and genetic analyses of the cloned proB+ A+ genes of Escherichia coli and of a mutant allele that confers proline overproduction and enhanced osmotolerance. J. Bacteriol. 156: 1249-1262.

Maiti MK, Krishnasamy S, Owen HA, Makaroff CA 1997 Molecular characterization of glyoxalase II from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 471-481.

Maklashina E, Berthold DA, Cecchini G 1998 Anaerobic expression of Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase: functional replacement of fumarate reductase in the respiratory chain during anaerobic growth. J. Bacteriol. 180: 5989-5996.

Malashkevich VN, De Biase D, Markovic-Housley Z, Schlunegger MP, Bossa F, Jansonius JN 1998 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the beta-isoform of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 54: 1020-1022.

Malashkevich VN, Jager J, Ziak M, Sauder U, Gehring H, Christen P, Jansonius JN 1995 Structural basis for the catalytic activity of aspartate aminotransferase K258H lacking the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-binding lysine residue. Biochemistry 34: 405-414.

Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Lopez-Meyer M, Galef JR, Burnett RJ, Nessler CL 1996 Molecular analysis of a new member of the opium poppy tyrosine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase gene family. Plant Physiol. 110: 43-49.

Malmberg RL, Smith KE, Bell E, Cellino ML 1992 Arginine decarboxylase of oats is clipped from a precursor into two polypeptides found in the soluble enzyme. Plant Physiol. 100: 146-152.

Malmberg RL, Watson MB, Galloway GL, Yu W 1998 Molecular genetic analyses of plant polyamines. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 17: 199-224.

Malone AS, Chung YK, Yousef AE 2006 Genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that are involved in high-pressure resistance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 2661-2671.

Malumbres M, Mateos LM, Guerrero C, Martin JF 1995 Molecular cloning of the hom-thrC-thrB cluster from Bacillus sp. ULM1: expression of the thrC gene in Escherichia coli and corynebacteria, and evolutionary relationships of the threonine genes. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 40: 595-606.

Malumbres M, Mateos LM, Lumbreras MA, Guerrero C, Martin JF 1994 Analysis and expression of the thrC gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and characterization of the encoded threonine synthase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 2209-2219.

Manabe T, Hasumi A, Sugiyama M, Yamazaki M, Saito K 1998 Alliinase [S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase] from Allium tuberosum (Chinese chive). Purification, localization, cDNA cloning and heterologous functional expression. Eur. J. Biochem. 257: 21-30.

Mandon K, Osteras M, Boncompagni E, Trinchant JC, Spennato G, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D 2003 The Sinorhizobium meliloti glycine betaine biosynthetic genes (betlCBA) are induced by choline and highly expressed in bacteroids. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 16: 709-719.

Mansilla MC, Albanesi D, de Mendoza D 2000 Transcriptional control of the sulfur-regulated cysH operon, containing genes involved in L-cysteine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 182: 5885-5892.

Mantzaris NV, Liou J-J, Daoutidis P, Srienc F 1999 Numerical solution of a mass structured cell population balance model in an environment of changing substrate concentration. J. Biotechnol. 71: 157-174.

Manucharian KG, Gening LV, Gusiatiner MM, Gazarian KG 1991 Design of a gene coding encoding a polypeptide, mixing the enzyme activity of Escherichia coli homoserine kinase and threonine synthetase. Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 2: 12-15.

Mao XJ, Huo YX, Buck M, Kolb A, Wang YP 2007 Interplay between CRP-cAMP and PII-Ntr systems forms novel regulatory network between carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 35: 1432-1440.

Marais S, Thomson JA, Farrant JM, Mundree SG 2004 XvVHA-c''1 - a novel stress-responsive V-ATPase subunit c'' homologue isolated from the resurrection plant Xerophyta viscosa. Physiol. Plant. 122: 54-61.

Maranas CD, Burgard AP 2001 Web site review: review of EcoCyc and MetaCyc databases. Metab. Eng. 3: 98-99.

Maras B, Sweeney G, Barra D, Bossa F, John RA 1992 The amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Evolutionary relationship between mammalian and bacterial enzymes. Eur. J. Biochem. 204: 93-98.

Marczak JE, Brandriss MC 1989 Isolation of constitutive mutations affecting the proline utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and molecular analysis of the PUT3 transcriptional activator. Mol. Cell Biol. 9: 4696-4705.

Marechal LR 1984 Transport and metabolism of trehalose in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Arch. Microbiol. 137: 70-73.

Marek LE, Henson JM 1988 Cloning and expression of the Escherichia coli K-12 sad gene. J. Bacteriol. 170: 991-994.

Marillia EF, MacPherson JM, Tsang EWT, Van Audenhove K, Keller WA, GrootWassink JWD 2001 Molecular cloning of a Brassica napus thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase gene and its expression in Escherichia coli. Physiol. Plant. 113: 176-184.

Marin K, Zuther E, Kerstan T, Kunert A, Hagemann M 1998 The ggpS gene from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 encoding glucosyl-glycerol-phosphate synthase is involved in osmolyte synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4843-4849.

Mariscal V, Rexach J, Fernandez E, Galvan A 2004 The plastidic nitrite transporter NAR1;1 improves nitrate use efficiency for growth in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1321-1328.

Markham GD, Hafner EW, Tabor CW, Tabor H 1980 S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 9082-9092.

Markham JE, Kruger NJ 2002 Kinetic properties of bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from spinach leaves. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1267-1277.

Marquardt JL, Siegele DA, Kolter R, Walsh CT 1992 Cloning and sequencing of Escherichia coli murZ and purification of its product, a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase. J. Bacteriol. 174: 5748-5752.

Marquez G, Sousa JM, Sanchez F 1985 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of genes involved in the lysine pathway of Brevibacterium lactofermentum. J. Bacteriol. 164: 379-383.

Marrs KA, Alfenito MR, Lloyd AM, Walbot V 1995 A glutathione S-transferase involved in vacuolar transfer encoded by the maize gene Bronze-2. Nature 375: 397-400.

Marsolier MC, Debrosses G, Hirel B 1995 Identification of several soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase transcripts highly or specifically expressed in nodules: expression studies using one of the corresponding genes in transgenic Lotus corniculatus. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 1-15.

Martens S, Teeri T, Forkmann G 2002 Heterologous expression of dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from various plants. FEBS Lett. 531: 453-458.

Martin DD, Ciulla RA, Roberts MF 1999 Osmoadaptation in archaea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1815-1825.

Martin DE, Reinhold-Hurek B 2002 Distinct roles of PII-like signal transmitter proteins and amtB in regulation of nif gene expression, nitrogenase activity, and posttranslational modification of NifH in Azoarcus sp strain BH72. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2251-2259.

Martin DM, Bohlmann J 2004 Identification of Vitis vinifera (-)-alpha-terpineol synthase by in silico screening of full-length cDNA ESTs and functional characterization of recombinant terpene synthase. Phytochemistry 65: 1223-1229.

Martin DN, Proebsting WM, Parks TD, Dougherty WG, Lange T, Lewis MJ, Gaskin P, Hedden P 1996 Feed-back regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and gene expression in Pisum sativum L. Planta 200: 159-166.

Martin G, Haehnel W, Boger P 1997 Oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. J. Bacteriol. 179: 730-734.

Martin T, Sharma R, Sippel C, Waegemann K, Soll J, Vothknecht UC 2006 A protein kinase family in Arabidopsis phosphorylates chloroplast precursor proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 40216-40223.

Martinez MB, Flickinger MC, Nelsestuen GL 1999 Steady-state enzyme kinetics in the Escherichia coli periplasm: a model of whole cell biocatalyst. J. Biotechnol. 71: 59-66.

Martinez-Torres D, Buades C, Latorre A, Moya A 2001 Molecular systematics of aphids and their primary endosymbionts. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 20: 437-449.

Martini F, Angelaccio S, Pascarella S, Barra D, Bossa F, Schirch V 1987 The primary structure of rabbit liver cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5499-5509.

Martini F, Maras B, Tanci P, Angelaccio S, Pascarella S, Barra D, Bossa F, Schirch V 1989 The primary structure of rabbit liver mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 8509-8519.

Marvin ME, Williams PH, Cashmore AM 2001 The isolation and characterisation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene (LIP2) involved in the attachment of lipoic acid groups to mitochondrial enzymes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 199: 131-136.

Mason RP, Sanders JK, Crawford A, Hunter BK 1986 Formaldehyde metabolism by Escherichia coli. Detection by in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione as a transient intracellular intermediate. Biochemistry 25: 4504-4507.

Massarelli I, Forlani G, Ricca E, De Felice M 2000 Enhanced and feedback-resistant gamma-glutamyl kinase activity of an Escherichia coli transformant carrying a mutated proB gene of Streptococcus thermophilus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 182: 143-147.

Massiah AJ, Hartley MR 1995 Wheat ribosome-inactivating proteins: seed and leaf forms with different specificities and cofactor requirements. Planta 197: 633-640.

Massonneau A, Condamine P, Wisniewski JP, Zivy M, Rogowsky PM 2005 Maize cystatins respond to developmental cues, cold stress and drought. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1729: 186-199.

Massou S, Nicolas C, Letisse F, Portais JC 2007 Application of 2D-TOCSY NMR to the measurement of specific 13C-enrichments in complex mixtures of 13C-labeled metabolites. Metab. Eng. 9: 252-257.

Matak-Vinkovic D, Vinkovic M, Saldanha SA, Ashurst JL, von Delft F, Inoue T, Miguel RN, Smith AG, Blundell TL, Abell C 2001 Crystal structure of Escherichia coli ketopantoate reductase at 1.7 A resolution and insight into the enzyme mechanism. Biochemistry 40: 14493-14500.

Matchett WH, Lacy AM, DeMoss JA 1987 Orientation of enzymic domains in tryptophan synthase of Neurospora crassa: an immunoblot analysis of TRP3 mutant products. Mol. Gen. Genet. 208: 398-407.

Mateos LM, Pisabarro A, Patek M, Malumbres M, Guerrero C, Eikmanns BJ, Sahm H, Martin JF 1994 Transcriptional analysis and regulatory signals of the hom-thrB cluster of Brevibacterium lactofermentum. J. Bacteriol. 176: 7362-7371.

Matsuda N, Kobayashi H, Katoh H, Ogawa T, Futatsugi L, Nakamura T, Bakker EP, Uozumi N 2004 Na+-dependent K+ uptake Ktr system from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and its role in the early phases of cell adaptation to hyperosmotic shock. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 54952-54962.

Matsumura T, Kimata-Ariga Y, Sakakibara H, Sugiyama T, Murata H, Takao T, Shimonishi Y, Hase T 1999 Complementary DNA cloning and characterization of ferredoxin localized in bundle-sheath cells of maize leaves. Plant Physiol. 119: 481-488.

Matsunami H, Kawaguchi H, Inagaki K, Eguchi T, Kakinuma K, Tanaka H 1998 Overproduction and substrate specificity of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62: 372-373.

Matsushika A, Mizuno T 1998 The structure and function of the histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) signaling domain of the Escherichia coli ArcB sensor. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 124: 440-445.

Mattanovich D, Kramer W, Luttich C, Weik R, Bayer K, Katinger H 1998 Rational design of an improved induction scheme for recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 296-298.

Mattei P, Kast P, Hilvert D 1999 Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion-controlled. Eur. J. Biochem. 261: 25-32.

Matthews PD, Wurtzel ET 2000 Metabolic engineering of carotenoid accumulation in Escherichia coli by modulation of the isoprenoid precursor pool with expression of deoxyxylulose phosphate synthase. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 53: 396-400.

Matthews RG, Smith AE, Zhou ZHS, Taurog RE, Bandarian V, Evans JC, Ludwig M 2003 Cobalamin-dependent and cobalamin-independent methionine synthases: are there two solutions to the same chemical problem? Helv. Chim. Acta 86: 3939-3954.

Maurizi MR, Ginsburg A 1982 Active site ligand stabilization of quaternary structures of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 7246-7251.

Maurizi MR, Ginsburg A 1982 Reactivation of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli after auto-inactivation with L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, ATP, and Mn2+. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 4271-4278.

Maurizi MR, Ginsburg A 1986 Adenosine 5'-triphosphate analogues as structural probes for Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 25: 131-140.

Maurizi MR, Rasulova F 2002 Degradation of L-glutamate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: Allosteric regulation of enzyme stability. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 397: 206-216.

Maury S, Geoffroy P, Legrand M 1999 Tobacco O-methyltransferases involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism. The … Plant Physiol. 121: 215-224.

Maxon ME, Redfield B, Cai XY, Shoeman R, Fujita K, Fisher W, Stauffer G, 1989 Regulation of methionine synthesis in Escherichia coli: effect of the MetR protein on the expression of the metE and metR genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 85-89.

May G, Faatz E, Lucht JM, Haardt M, Bolliger M, Bremer E 1989 Characterization of the osmoregulated Escherichia coli proU promoter and identification of ProV as a membrane-associated protein. Mol. Microbiol. 3: 1521-1531.

May G, Faatz E, Villarejo M, Bremer E 1986 Binding protein dependent transport of glycine betaine and its osmotic regulation in Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 205: 225-233.

May MJ, Leaver CJ 1994 Arabidopsis thaliana gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is structurally unrelated to mammalian, yeast, and Escherichia coli homologs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 10059-10063.

Mayer G, Launhardt H, Munder T 1999 Application of the green fluorescent protein as a reporter for Ace1-based, two-hybrid studies. Biotechniques 27: 92-94.

Mazoch J, Kunak M, Kucera I, van Spanning RJM 2003 Fine-tuned regulation by oxygen and nitric oxide of the activity of a semi- synthetic FNR-dependent promoter and expression of denitrification enzymes in Paracoccus denitrificans. Microbiology (U.K.) 149: 3405-3412.

McAlister FM, Lewis-Henderson WR, Jenkins CLD, Watson JM 2001 Isolation and expression of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase cDNA from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1085-1094.

McCoy AJ, Adams NE, Hudson AO, Gilvarg C, Leustek T, Maurelli AT 2006 L,L-Diaminopimelate aminotransferase, a trans-kingdom enzyme shared by Chlamydia and plants for synthesis of diaminopimelate/lysine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 17909-17914.

McCoy JG, Arabshahi A, Bitto E, Bingman CA, Ruzicka FJ, Frey PA, Phillips GN Jr 2006 Structure and mechanism of an ADP-glucose phosphorylase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 45: 3154-3162.

McDevitt CA, Hanson GR, Noble CJ, Cheesman MR, McEwan AG 2002 Characterization of the redox centers in dimethyl sulfide dehydrogenase from Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. Biochemistry 41: 15234-15244.

McDougall J, Kaasen I, Strom AR 1993 A yeast gene for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and its complementation of an Escherichia coli otsA mutant. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 107: 25-30.

McFarland N, McCarter L, Artz S, Kustu S 1981 Nitrogen regulatory locus "glnR" of enteric bacteria is composed of cistrons ntrB and ntrC: identification of their protein products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 2135-2139.

McKay SA, Hunter WL, Godard KA, Wang SX, Martin DM, Bohlmann J, Plant AL 2003 Insect attack and wounding induce traumatic resin duct development and gene expression of (-)-pinene synthase in sitka spruce. Plant Physiol. 133: 368-378.

McKie AE, Edlind T, Walker J, Mottram JC, Coombs GH 1998 The primitive protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis contains two methionine gamma-lyase genes that encode members of the gamma-family of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 5549-5556.

McLaggan D, Epstein W 1991 Escherichia coli accumulates the eukaryotic osmolyte taurine at high osmolarity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 65: 209-213.

McLaggan D, Jones MA, Gouesbet G, Levina N, Lindey S, Epstein W, Booth IR 2002 Analysis of the kefA2 mutation suggests that KefA is a cation-specific channel involved in osmotic adaptation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 43: 521-536.

McLeod SM, Xu JM, Cramton SE, Gaal T, Gourse RL, Johnson RC 1999 Localization of amino acids required for Fis to function as a class II transcriptional activator at the RpoS-dependent proP P2 promoter. J. Mol. Biol. 294: 333-346.

McNeil JB, Flynn J, Tsao N, Monschau N, Stahmann K, Haynes RH, McIntosh EM, Pearlman RE 2000 Glycine metabolism in Candida albicans: characterization of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHM1, SHM2) and threonine aldolase (GLY1) genes. Yeast 16: 167-175.

McNicholas PM, Gunsalus RP 2002 The molybdate-responsive Escherichia coli ModE transcriptional regulator coordinates periplasmic nitrate reductase (napFDAGHBC) operon expression with nitrate and molybdate availability. J. Bacteriol. 184: 3253-3259.

McPherson MJ, Wootton JC 1983 Complete nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli gdhA gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 5257-5266.

McQualter RB, Chong BF, Meyer K, Van Dyk DE, O'Shea MG, Walton NJ, Viitanen PV, Brumbley SM 2005 Initial evaluation of sugarcane as a production platform for p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Plant Biotechnol. J. 3: 29-41.

McQueney MS, Anderson KS, Markham GD 2000 Energetics of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase catalysis. Biochemistry 39: 4443-4454.

Mee B, Kelleher D, Frias J, Malone R, Tipton KF, Henehan GT, Windle HJ 2005 Characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Helicobacter pylori. An aldehyde dismutating enzyme. FEBS J. 272: 1255-1264.

Meganathan R 2001 Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203: 131-139.

Mehta BD, Jog SP, Johnson SC, Murthy PP 2006 Lily pollen alkaline phytase is a histidine phosphatase similar to mammalian multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP). Phytochemistry 67: 1874-1886.

Mehta PK, Hale TI, Christen P 1989 Evolutionary relationships among aminotransferases. Tyrosine aminotransferase, histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase are homologous proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 186: 249-253.

Mehta R, Pearson JT, Mahajan S, Nath A, Hickey MJ, Sherman DR, Atkins WM 2004 Adenylylation and catalytic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli versus mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 22477-22482.

Meijer AH, Lopes Cardoso MI, Voskuilen JT, de Waal A, Verpoorte R, Hoge JH 1993 Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone from Catharanthus roseus encoding NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase, an enzyme essential for reactions catalysed by cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases in plants. Plant J. 4: 47-60.

Meinhardt SW, Cheng W, Kwon CY, Donohue CM, Rasmussen JB 2002 Role of the arginyl-glycyl-aspartic motif in the action of Ptr ToxA produced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Plant Physiol. 130: 1545-1551.

Mellies J, Brems R, Villarejo M 1994 The Escherichia coli proU promoter element and its contribution to osmotically signaled transcription activation. J. Bacteriol. 176: 3638-3645.

Mellies J, Wise A, Villarejo M 1995 Two different Escherichia coli proP promoters respond to osmotic and growth phase signals. J. Bacteriol. 177: 144-151.

Mendel RR, Schwarz G 2002 Biosynthesis and molecular biology of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Met. Ions Biol. Syst. 39: 317-368.

Menzella HG, Ceccarelli EA, Gramajo HC 2003 Novel Escherichia coli strain allows efficient recombinant protein production using lactose as inducer. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 82: 809-817.

Merabet EK, Walker MC, Yuen HK, Sikorski JA 1993 Differential scanning calorimetric study of 5-enolpyruvoyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase and its complexes with shikimate-3-phosphate and glyphosate: irreversible thermal transitions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1161: 272-278.

Merighi M, Majerczak DR, Stover EH, Coplin DL 2003 The HrpX/HrpY two-component system activates hrpS expression, the first step in the regulatory cascade controlling the Hrp regulon in Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 16: 238-248.

Merkamm M, Chassagnole C, Lindley ND, Guyonvarch A 2003 Ketopantoate reductase activity is only encoded by ilvC in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 104: 253-260.

Merkel WK, Nichols BP 1996 Characterization and sequence of the Escherichia coli panBCD gene cluster. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 143: 247-252.

Mesa S, Ucurum Z, Hennecke H, Fischer HM 2005 Transcription activation in vitro by the Bradyrhizobium japonicum regulatory protein FixK2. J. Bacteriol. 187: 3329-3338.

Metcalf WW, Zhang JK, Shi X, Wolfe RS 1996 Molecular, genetic, and biochemical characterization of the serC gene of Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5797-5802.

Metheringham R, Tyson KL, Crooke H, Missiakas D, Raina S, Cole JA 1996 Effects of mutations in genes for proteins involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm on the activities of anaerobically induced electron transfer chains in Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 253: 95-102.

Metz JG, Pollard MR, Anderson L, Hayes TR, Lassner MW 2000 Purification of a jojoba embryo fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase and expression of its cDNA in high erucic acid rapeseed. Plant Physiol. 122: 635-644.

Metzer E, Halpern YS 1990 In vivo cloning and characterization of the gabCTDP gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 172: 3250-3256.

Metzer E, Levitz R, Halpern YS 1979 Isolation and properties of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants impaired in the utilization of gamma-aminobutyrate. J. Bacteriol. 137: 1111-1118.

Meury J 1994 Immediate and transient inhibition of the respiration of Escherichia coli under hyperosmotic shock. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 121: 281-286.

Meury J 1988 Glycine betaine reverses the effects of osmotic stress on DNA replication and cellular division in Escherichia coli. Arch. Microbiol. 149: 232-239.

Meury J, Bahloul A, Kohiyama M 1993 Impairment of nucleoid segregation and cell division at high osmolarity in a strain of Escherichia coli overproducing the chaperone DnaK. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 113: 93-99.

Meyer A, Held M, Schmid A, Kohler HP, Witholt B 2003 Synthesis of 3-tert-butylcatechol by an engineered monooxygenase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81: 518-524.

Meyer JM, Stadtman ER 1986 Adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase and permeability properties of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 246: 622-632.

Meyer JM, Stadtman ER 1981 Glutamine synthetase of pseudomonads: some biochemical and physicochemical properties. J. Bacteriol. 146: 705-712.

Meyer SE, Granett S, Jung JU, Villarejo MR 1990 Osmotic regulation of PhoE porin synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172: 5501-5502.

Meynial Salles I, Forchhammer N, Croux C, Girbal L, Soucaille P 2007 Evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 9: 152-159.

Miao GH, Hirel B, Marsolier MC, Ridge RW, Verma DP 1991 Ammonia-regulated expression of a soybean gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase in transgenic Lotus corniculatus. Plant Cell 3: 11-22.

Michael AJ, Furze JM, Rhodes MJ, Burtin D 1996 Molecular cloning and functional identification of a plant ornithine decarboxylase cDNA. Biochem. J. 314: 241-248.

Michel-Reydellet N, Calhoun K, Swartz J 2004 Amino acid stabilization for cell-free protein synthesis by modification of the Escherichia coli genome. Metab. Eng. 6: 197-203.

Michels AK, Wedel N, Kroth PG 2005 Diatom plastids possess a phosphoribulokinase with an altered regulation and no oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Plant Physiol. 137: 911-920.

Miernyk JA, Hayman TG 1996 ATPase activity and molecular chaperone function of the stress70 proteins. Plant Physiol. 110: 419-424.

Mihlan M, Homann V, Liu TW, Tudzynski B 2003 AREA directly mediates nitrogen regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi, but its activity is not affected by NMR. Mol. Microbiol. 47: 975-991.

Mikkelsen MD, Hansen CH, Wittstock U, Halkier BA 2000 Cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 from Arabidopsis catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor of indole glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 33712-33717.

Mikkelsen MD, Naur P, Halkier BA 2004 Arabidopsis mutants in the C-S lyase of glucosinolate biosynthesis establish a critical role for indole-3-acetaldoxime in auxin homeostasis. Plant J. 37: 770-777.

Milano A, De Rossi E, Zanaria E, Barbierato L, Ciferri O, Riccardi G 1992 Molecular characterization of the genes encoding acetohydroxy acid synthase in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1399-1408.

Miles EW, Kawasaki H, Ahmed SA, Morita H, Morita H, Nagata S 1989 The beta subunit of tryptophan synthase. Clarification of the roles of histidine 86, lysine 87, arginine 148, cysteine 170, and cysteine 230. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 6280-6287.

Miles EW, McPhie P, Yutani K 1988 Evidence that glutamic acid 49 of tryptophan synthase alpha subunit is a catalytic residue. Inactive mutant proteins substituted at position 49 bind ligands and transmit ligand-dependent to the beta subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 8611-8614.

Milkowski C, Baumert A, Strack D 2000 Cloning and heterologous expression of a rape cDNA encoding UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase. Planta 211: 883-886.

Mille Y, Beney L, Gervais P 2003 Magnitude and kinetics of rehydration influence the viability of dehydrated E. coli K-12. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 578-582.

Miller B, Heuser T, Zimmer W 1999 A Synechococcus leopoliensis SAUG 1402-1 operon harboring the 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene and two additional open reading frames is functionally involved in the dimethylallyl diphosphate synthesis. FEBS Lett. 460: 485-490.

Miller B, Oschinski C, Zimmer W 2001 First isolation of an isoprene synthase gene from poplar and successful expression of the gene in Escherichia coli. Planta 213: 483-487.

Miller ES, Brenchley JE 1984 Cloning and characterization of gdhA, the structural gene for glutamate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 157: 171-178.

Millevoi S, Pasquo A, Chiaraluce R, Consalvi V, Giangiacomo L, Britton KL, Stillman TJ, Rice DW, Engel PC 1998 A monomeric mutant of Clostridium symbiosum glutamate dehydrogenase: comparison with a structured monomeric intermediate obtained during refolding. Protein Sci. 7: 966-974.

Millian NS, Garrow TA 1998 Human betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a zinc metalloenzyme. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 356: 93-98.

Mills RF, Krijger GC, Baccarini PJ, Hall JL, Williams LE 2003 Functional expression of AtHMA4, a P1B-type ATPase of the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb subclass. Plant J. 35: 164-176.

Milner JL, McClellan DJ, Wood JM 1987 Factors reducing and promoting the effectiveness of proline as an osmoprotectant in Escherichia coli K12. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 1851-1860.

Milner JL, Wood JM 1989 Insertion proQ220::Tn5 alters regulation of proline porter II, a transporter of proline and glycine betaine in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171: 947-951.

Milton DL, Napier ML, Myers RM, Hardman JK 1986 In vitro mutagenesis and overexpression of the Escherichia coli trpA gene and the partial characterization of the resultant tryptophan synthase mutant alpha-subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 16604-16615.

Mimura H, Nakanishi Y, Maeshima M 2005 Disulfide-bond formation in the H+-pyrophosphatase of Streptomyces coelicolor and its implications for redox control and enzyme structure. FEBS Lett. 579: 3625-3631.

Min B, Kitabatake M, Polycarpo C, Pelaschier J, Raczniak G, Ruan B, Kobayashi H, Namgoong S, Soll D 2003 Protein synthesis in Escherichia coli with mischarged tRNA. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3524-3526.

Minami H, Kim JS, Ikezawa N, Takemura T, Katayama T, Kumagai H, Sato F 2008 Microbial production of plant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 7393-7398.

Minami R, Uchiyama K, Murakami T, Kawai J, Mikami K, Yamada T, Yokoi D, Ito H, Matsui H, Honma M 1998 Properties, sequence, and synthesis in Escherichia coli of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase from Hansenula saturnus. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 123: 1112-1118.

Mirete S, de Figueras CG, Gonzalez-Pastor JE 2007 Novel nickel-resistance genes from the rhizosphere metagenome of acid mine drainage-adapted plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 6001-6011.

Mirwaldt C, Korndorfer I, Huber R 1995 The crystal structure of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Escherichia coli at 2.5 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 246: 227-239.

Misawa N, Shimada H 1997 Metabolic engineering for the production of carotenoids in non-carotenogenic bacteria and yeasts. J. Biotechnol. 59: 169-181.

Misener SR, Walker VK 2000 Extraordinarily high density of unrelated genes showing overlapping and intraintronic transcription units. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492: 269-270.

Mishra P, Park PK, Drueckhammer DG 2001 Identification of yacE (coaE) as the structural gene for dephosphocoenzyme A kinase in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 183: 2774-2778.

Misra HS, Khairnar NP, Barik A, Indira Priyadarsini K, Mohan H, Apte SK 2004 Pyrroloquinoline-quinone: a reactive oxygen species scavenger in bacteria. FEBS Lett. 578: 26-30.

Misra N, Gupta AK 2005 Effect of salt stress on proline metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of green gram. Plant Sci. 169: 331-339.

Mita G, Quarta A, Fasano P, De Paolis A, Di Sansebastiano GP, Perrotta C, Iannacone R, Belfield E, Hughes R, Tsesmetzis N, Casey R, Santino A 2005 Molecular cloning and characterization of an almond 9-hydroperoxide lyase, a new CYP74 targeted to lipid bodies. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2321-2333.

Mitani Y, Meng X, Kamagata Y, Tamura T 2005 Characterization of LtsA from Rhodococcus erythropolis, an enzyme with glutamine amidotransferase activity. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2582-2591.

Mitra A, Sarma SP 2008 Escherichia coli ilvN interacts with the FAD binding domain of ilvB and activates the AHAS I enzyme. Biochemistry 47: 1518-1531.

Mittl PR, Berry A, Scrutton NS, Perham RN, Schulz GE 1993 Structural differences between wild-type NADP-dependent glutathione reductase from Escherichia coli and a redesigned NAD-dependent mutant. J. Mol. Biol. 231: 191-195.

Mittl PR, Berry A, Scrutton NS, Perham RN, Schulz GE 1994 Anatomy of an engineered NAD-binding site. Protein Sci. 3: 1504-1514.

Miyamoto K, Katsuki H 1992 Possible physiological roles of aspartase, NAD- and NADP-requiring glutamate dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas fluorescens. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 112: 52-56.

Miyamoto S, Kashiwagi K, Ito K, Watanabe S, Igarashi K 1993 Estimation of polyamine distribution and polyamine stimulation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300: 63-68.

Miyata A, Yoshida T, Yamaguchi K, Yokoyama C, Tanabe T, Toh H, Mitsunaga T, Izumi Y 1993 Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for serine hydroxymethyltransferase from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2. Eur. J. Biochem. 212: 745-750.

Mizukami T, Hamu A, Ikeda M, Oka T, Katsumata R 1994 Cloning of the ATP phosphoribosyl transferase gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum and application of the gene to L-histidine production. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 58: 635-638.

Mizutani M, Nakanishi H, Ema J, Ma SJ, Noguchi E, Inohara-Ochiai M, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Nakao M, Sakata K 2002 Cloning of beta-primeverosidase from tea leaves, a key enzyme in tea aroma formation. Plant Physiol. 130: 2164-2176.

Moberg P, Stahl A, Bhushan S, Wright SJ, Eriksson A, Bruce BD, Glaser E 2003 Characterization of a novel zinc metalloprotease involved in degrading targeting peptides in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plant J. 36: 616-628.

Moffatt BA, McWhinnie EA, Burkhart WE, Pasternak JJ, Rothstein SJ 1992 A complete cDNA for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 653-662.

Moffatt BA, Wang L, Allen MS, Stevens YY, Qin W, Snider J, von Schwartzenberg K 2000 Adenosine kinase of Arabidopsis. Kinetic properties and gene expression. Plant Physiol. 124: 1775-1785.

Moghaieb RE, Tanaka N, Saneoka H, Murooka Y, Ono H, Morikawa H, Nakamura A, Nguyen NT, Suwa R, Fujita K 2006 Characterization of salt tolerance in ectoine-transformed tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabaccum): photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and nitrogen partitioning. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 173-182.

Mogi T, Yamamoto H, Nakao T, Yamato I, Anraku Y 1986 Genetic and physical characterization of putP, the proline carrier gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 202: 35-41.

Mohamed EA, Iwaki T, Munir I, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Wadano A 2003 Overexpression of bacterial catalase in tomato leaf chloroplasts enhances photo-oxidative stress tolerance. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 2037-2046.

Mohammad A, Miranda-Rios J, Navarrete GE, Quinto C, Olivares JE, Garcia-Ponce B, Sanchez F 2004 Nodulin 22 from Phaseolus vulgaris protects Escherichia coli cells from oxidative stress. Planta 219: 993-1002.

Molhoj M, Verma R, Reiter WD 2003 The biosynthesis of the branched-chain sugar d-apiose in plants: functional cloning and characterization of a UDP-d-apiose/UDP-d-xylose synthase from Arabidopsis. Plant J. 35: 693-703.

Molina-Heredia FP, Houee-Levin C, Berthomieu C, Touati D, Tremey E, Favaudon V, Adam V, Niviere V 2006 Detoxification of superoxide without production of H2O2: antioxidant activity of superoxide reductase complexed with ferrocyanide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 14750-14755.

Monks DE, Goode JH, Dewey RE 1996 Characterization of soybean choline kinase cDNAs and their expression in yeast and Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 110: 1197-1205.

Monroe DM, Noyes CM, Lundblad RL, Kingdon HS, Griffith MJ 1984 Interaction of substrates with glutamine synthetase after limited proteolysis. Biochemistry 23: 4565-4572.

Monroe JD, Gough CM, Chandler LE, Loch CM, Ferrante JE, Wright PW 1999 Structure, properties, and tissue localization of apoplastic alpha-glucosidase in crucifers. Plant Physiol. 119: 385-397.

Montesano M, Hyytiainen H, Wettstein R, Palva ET 2003 A novel potato defence-related alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase induced in response to Erwinia carotovora. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 177-189.

Montrichard F, Renard M, Alkhalfioui F, Duval FD, Macherel D 2003 Identification and differential expression of two thioredoxin h isoforms in germinating seeds from pea. Plant Physiol. 132: 1707-1715.

Moore JB, Shiau SP, Reitzer LJ 1993 Alterations of highly conserved residues in the regulatory domain of nitrogen regulator I (NtrC) of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2692-2701.

Moore JD, Hawkins AR 1993 Overproduction of, and interaction within, bifunctional domains from the amino- and carboxy-termini of the pentafunctional AROM protein of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol. Gen. Genet. 240: 92-102.

Moorhead GB, Meek SE, Douglas P, Bridges D, Smith CS, Morrice N, MacKintosh C 2003 Purification of a plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase as a protein that interferes with nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase assays. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 1356-1362.

Mootz HD, Finking R, Marahiel MA 2001 4'-Phosphopantetheine transfer in primary and secondary metabolism of Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 37289-37298.

Mora P, Rubio V, Fresquet V, Cervera J 1999 Localization of the site for the nucleotide effectors of Escherichia coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase using site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett. 446: 133-136.

Moraga AR, Nohales PF, Perez JA, Gomez-Gomez L 2004 Glucosylation of the saffron apocarotenoid crocetin by a glucosyltransferase isolated from Crocus sativus stigmas. Planta 219: 955-966.

Moran JF, James EK, Rubio MC, Sarath G, Klucas RV, Becana M 2003 Functional characterization and expression of a cytosolic iron-superoxide dismutase from cowpea root nodules. Plant Physiol. 133: 773-782.

Moran JF, Sun ZH, Sarath G, Arredondo-Peter R, James EK, Becana M, Klucas RV 2002 Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and subcellular localization of soybean nodule dihydrolipoamide reductase. Plant Physiol. 128: 300-313.

Morbach S, Junger C, Sahm H, Eggeling L 2000 Attenuation control of ilvBNC in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Evidence of leader peptide formation without the presence of a ribosome binding site. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90: 501-507.

Morbach S, Kramer R 2003 Impact of transport processes in the osmotic response of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 104: 69-75.

Morehead TA, Gurnon JR, Adams B, Nickerson KW, Fitzgerald LA, Van Etten JL 2002 Ornithine decarboxylase encoded by chlorella virus PBCV-1. Viorology 301: 165-175.

Morell MK, Paul K, O'Shea NJ, Kane HJ, Andrews TJ 1994 Mutations of an active site threonyl residue promote beta elimination and other side reactions of the enediol intermediate of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 8091-8098.

Morell MK, Wilkin JM, Kane HJ, Andrews TJ 1997 Side reactions catalyzed by ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase in the presence and absence of small subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 5445-5451.

Moreno R, Zafra O, Cava F, Berenguer J 2003 Development of a gene expression vector for Thermus thermophilus based on the promoter of the respiratory nitrate reductase. Plasmid 49: 2-8.

Mori H, Shibasaki T, Yano K, Ozaki A 1997 Purification and cloning of a proline 3-hydroxylase, a novel enzyme which hydroxylates free L-proline to cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline. J. Bacteriol. 179: 5677-5683.

Mori N, Shirota K, Kitamoto Y, Ichikawa Y 1988 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the carnitine dehydrogenase gene from Xanthomonas translucens. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52: 851-852.

Morishige T, Dubouzet E, Choi KB, Yazaki K, Sato F 2002 Molecular cloning of columbamine O-methyltransferase from cultured Coptis japonica cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5659-5667.

Morita Y, Hoshino A, Kikuchi Y, Okuhara H, Ono E, Tanaka Y, Fukui Y, Saito N, Nitasaka E, Noguchi H, Iida S 2005 Japanese morning glory dusky mutants displaying reddish-brown or purplish-gray flowers are deficient in a novel glycosylation enzyme for anthocyanin biosynthesis, UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside-2''-O-glucosyltransferase, due to 4-bp insertions .. Plant J. 42: 353-363.

Morris SM 2003 Vertebrate agmatinases: What role do they play in agmatine catabolism?. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci. 1009: 30-33.

Moschou PN, Sanmartin M, Andriopoulou AH, Rojo E, Sanchez-Serrano JJ, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA 2008 Bridging the gap between plant and mammalian polyamine catabolism: a novel peroxisomal polyamine oxidase responsible for a full back-conversion pathway In Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 147: 1845-1857.

Moss J, Stanley SJ, Levine RL 1990 Inactivation of bacterial glutamine synthetase by ADP-ribosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 21056-21060.

Mostertz J, Hecker M 2003 Patterns of protein carbonylation following oxidative stress in wild-type and sigB Bacillus subtilis cells. Mol. Genet. Genomics 269: 640-648.

Motohashi R, Yamazaki T, Myouga F, Ito T, Ito K, Satou M, Kobayashi M, Nagata N, Yoshida S, Nagashima A, Tanaka K, Takahashi S, Shinozaki K 2007 Chloroplast ribosome release factor 1 (AtcpRF1) is essential for chloroplast development. Plant Mol. Biol. 64: 481-497.

Motojima K, Yamato I, Anraku Y 1978 Proline transport carrier-defective mutants of Escherichia coli K-12: properties and mapping. J. Bacteriol. 136: 5-9.

Motono C, Yamagishi A, Oshima T 1999 Urea-induced unfolding and conformational stability of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from the thermophile Thermus thermophilus and its mesophilic counterpart from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 38: 1332-1337.

Motoyama H, Maki K, Anazawa H, Ishino S, Teshiba S 1994 Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the homoserine dehydrogenase genes (hom) and the threonine synthase genes (thrC) of the gram-negative obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus glycogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 111-119.

Motoyama H, Yano H, Terasaki Y, Anazawa H 2001 Overproduction of L-lysine from methanol by Methylobacillus glycogenes derivatives carrying a plasmid with a mutated dapA gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3064-3070.

Mouillon JM, Ravanel S, Douce R, Rebeille F 2002 Folate synthesis in higher-plant mitochondria: coupling between the dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase and the dihydropteroate synthase activities. Biochem. J. 363: 313-319.

Mourad GS, Snook BM, Prabhakar JT, Mansfield TA, Schultes NP 2006 A fluoroorotic acid-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis defective in the uptake of uracil. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3563-3573.

Moyano E, Martinez-Garcia JF, Martin C 1996 Apparent redundancy in myb gene function provides gearing for the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in antirrhinum flowers. Plant Cell 8: 1519-1532.

Moye WS, Amuro N, Rao JK, Zalkin H 1985 Nucleotide sequence of yeast GDH1 encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 8502-8508.

Mudd EA, Sullivan S, Gisby MF, Mironov A, Kwon CS, Chung WI, Day A 2008 A 125 kDa RNase E/G-like protein is present in plastids and is essential for chloroplast development and autotrophic growth in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2597-2610.

Mueller C, Schwender J, Zeidler J, Lichtenthaler HK 2000 Properties and inhibition of the first two enzymes of the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28: 792-793.

Mueller LA, Zhang P, Rhee SY 2003 AraCyc: a biochemical pathway database for Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 132: 453-460.

Muffler A, Traulsen DD, Lange R, Hengge-Aronis R 1996 Posttranscriptional osmotic regulation of the sigma(s) subunit of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 1607-1613.

Mulholland MR, Ohki K, Capone DG 2001 Nutrient controls on nitrogen uptake and metabolism by natural populations and cultures of Trichodesmium (Cyanobacteria). J. Phycol. 37: 1001-1009.

Müller GL, Drincovich MF, Andreo CS, Lara MV 2008 Nicotiana tabacum NADP-malic enzyme: cloning, characterization and analysis of biological role. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 469-480.

Muller K, Garel JR 1984 Stepwise inactivation of Escherichia coli aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I. Biochemistry 23: 651-654.

Muller-Dieckmann HJ, Grantz AA, Kim SH 1999 The structure of the signal receiver domain of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene receptor ETR1. Structure Fold. Des. 7: 1547-1556.

Mundree SG, Whittaker A, Thomson JA, Farrant JM 2000 An aldose reductase homolog from the resurrection plant Xerophyta viscosa Baker. Planta 211: 693-700.

Mungur R, Glass AD, Goodenow DB, Lightfoot DA 2005 Metabolite fingerprinting in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum altered by the Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2005: 198-214.

Munro PM, Gauthier MJ, Breittmayer VA, Bongiovanni J 1989 Influence of osmoregulation processes on starvation survival of Escherichia coli in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 2017-2024.

Mura U, Stadtman ER 1981 Glutamine synthetase adenylylation in permeabilized cells of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 13014-13021.

Murai MJ, Carneiro FR, Gozzo FC, Ierardi DF, Pertinhez TA, Zanchin NI 2006 Identification and characterization of a proteolysis-resistant fragment containing the PCI domain in the Arabidopsis thaliana INT6/eIF3e translation factor. Cell. Biochem. Biophys. 44: 522-529.

Murakami K, Hashimoto Y, Murooka Y 1993 Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase, which is involved in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 347-350.

Muramoto T, Kohchi T, Yokota A, Hwang I, Goodman HM 1999 The Arabidopsis photomorphogenic mutant hy1 is deficient in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis as a result of a mutation in a plastid heme oxygenase. Plant Cell 11: 335-348.

Muramoto T, Tsurui N, Terry MJ, Yokota A, Kohchi T 2002 Expression and biochemical properties of a ferredoxin-dependent heme oxygenase required for phytochrome chromophore synthesis. Plant Physiol. 130: 1958-1966.

Murata T, Hattori T, Amarume S, Koichi A, Usui T 2003 Kinetic studies on endo-beta-galactosidase by a novel colorimetric assay and synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine-repeating oligosaccharide beta-glycosides using its transglycosylation activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3709-3719.

Mure M, Brown DE, Saysell C, Rogers MS, Wilmot CM, Kurtis CR, McPherson MJ, Phillips SE, Knowles PF, Dooley DM 2005 Role of the interactions between the active site base and the substrate Schiff base in amine oxidase catalysis. Evidence from structural and spectroscopic studies of the 2-hydrazinopyridine adduct of Escherichia coli amine oxidase. Biochemistry 44: 1568-1582.

Murfitt LM, Kolosova N, Mann CJ, Dudareva N 2000 Purification and characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methyl benzoate in flowers of Antirrhinum majus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 382: 145-151.

Murillo M, Foglia R, Diller A, Lee S, Leustek T 1995 Serine acetyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana can functionally complement the cysteine requirement of a cysE mutant strain of Escherichia coli. Cell Mol. Biol. Res. 41: 425-433.

Murillo M, Leustek T 1995 ATP-sulfurylase from Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli are functionally equivalent but structurally and kinetically divergent: nucleotide sequence of two ATP-sulfurylase cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of a recombinant enzyme. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 323: 195-204.

Murphy AM, Otto B, Brearley CA, Carr JP, Hanke DE 2008 A role for inositol hexakisphosphate in the maintenance of basal resistance to plant pathogens. Plant J. Jul 16 [Epub ahead of print].

Murray TA, McManus MT 2005 Developmental regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene expression during leaf ontogeny in white clover. Physiol. Plant. 124: 107-120.

Murry-Brelier A, Goldberg ME 1990 Mechanism of inactivation of the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase by monoclonal antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 7987-7993.

Murthy SS, Zilinskas BA 1994 Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding pea monodehydroascorbate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 31129-31133.

Muse WB, Bender RA 1999 The amino-terminal 100 residues of the nitrogen assimilation control protein (NAC) encode all known properties of NAC from Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 934-940.

Muse WB, Bender RA 1998 The nac (nitrogen assimilation control) gene from Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1166-1173.

Musfeldt M, Selig M, Schonheit P 1999 Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (ADP forming) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5885-5888.

Mutalik VK, Shah P, Venkatesh KV 2003 Allosteric interactions and bifunctionality make the response of glutamine synthetase cascade system of Escherichia coli robust and ultrasensitive. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 26327-26332.

Mutalik VK, Venkatesh KV 2007 A theoretical steady state analysis indicates that induction of Escherichia coli glnALG operon can display all-or-none behavior. Biosystems 90: 1-19.

Muzac I, Wang J, Anzellotti D, Zhang H, Ibrahim RK 2000 Functional expression of an Arabidopsis cDNA clone encoding a flavonol 3'-O-methyltransferase and characterization of the gene product. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375: 385-388.

Nadaraia S, Lee YH, Becker DF, Tanner JJ 2001 Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the proline dehydrogenase domain of the multifunctional PutA flavoprotein from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. 57: 1925-1927.

Nagahara N, Yoshii T, Abe Y, Matsumura T 2007 Thioredoxin-dependent enzymatic activation of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. An intersubunit disulfide bond serves as a redox switch for activation. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 1561-1569.

Nagashima S, Inagaki R, Kubo A, Hirotani M, Yoshikawa T 2004 cDNA cloning and expression of isoflavonoid-specific glucosyltransferase from Glycyrrhiza echinata cell-suspension cultures. Planta 218: 456-459.

Nagasu T, Hall BD 1985 Nucleotide sequence of the GDH gene coding for the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 37: 247-253.

Nagata N, Tanaka R, Satoh S, Tanaka A 2005 Identification of a vinyl reductase gene for chlorophyll synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and implications for the evolution of Prochlorococcus species. Plant Cell 17: 233-240.

Nagata S 2001 Growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 through the uptake of compatible solutes at high osmolarity. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 92: 324-329.

Nagata S, Adachi K, Shirai K, Sano H 1995 23Na NMR spectroscopy of free Na+ in the halotolerant bacterium Brevibacterium sp. and Escherichia coli. Microbiology 141: 729-736.

Nagata S, Maekawa Y, Ikeuchi T, Wang YB, Ishida A 2002 Effect of compatible solutes on the respiratory activity and growth of Escherichia coli K-12 under NaCl stress. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 94: 384-389.

Nagegowda DA, Ramalingam S, Hemmerlin A, Bach TJ, Chye ML 2005 Brassica juncea HMG-CoA synthase: localization of mRNA and protein. Planta 221: 844-856.

Nair RB, Bastress KL, Ruegger MO, Denault JW, Chapple C 2004 The Arabidopsis thaliana reduced epidermal fluorescence1 gene encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in ferulic acid and sinapic acid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 16: 544-554.

Najdi TS, Yang CR, Shapiro BE, Hatfield GW, Mjolsness ED 2005 Application of a generalized MWC model for the mathematical simulation of metabolic pathways regulated by allosteric enzymes. Proc. IEEE Comput. Syst. Bioinform. Conf. 2005: 279-288.

Najdi TS, Yang CR, Shapiro BE, Hatfield GW, Mjolsness ED 2006 Application of a generalized MWC model for the mathematical simulation of metabolic pathways regulated by allosteric enzymes. J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol. 4: 335-355.

Nakagiri T, Lee JB, Hayashi T 2005 cDNA cloning, functional expression and characterization of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase from Scoparia dulcis L.. Plant Sci. 169: 760-767.

Nakai T, Okada K, Akutsu S, Miyahara I, Kawaguchi S, Kato R, Kuramitsu S, Hirotsu K 1999 Structure of Thermus thermophilus HB8 aspartate aminotransferase and its complex with maleate. Biochemistry 38: 2413-2424.

Nakajima J, Tanaka Y, Yamazaki M, Saito K 2001 Reaction mechanism from leucoanthocyanidin to anthocyanidin 3-glucoside, a key reaction for coloring in anthocyanin biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 25797-25803.

Nakaminami K, Karlson DT, Imai R 2006 Functional conservation of cold shock domains in bacteria and higher plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 10122-10127.

Nakamori S, Kobayashi S, Nishimura T, Takagi H 1999 Mechanism of L-methionine overproduction by Escherichia coli: the replacement of Ser-54 by Asn in the MetJ protein causes the derepression of L-methionine biosynthetic enzymes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 52: 179-185.

Nakamori S, Kobayashi SI, Kobayashi C, Takagi H 1998 Overproduction of L-cysteine and L-cystine by Escherichia coli strains with a genetically altered serine acetyltransferase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1607-1611.

Nakamura H 1979 Specific proline accumulation in an acrA mutant of Escherichia coli K12 grown in salt-hypertonic medium. J. Gen. Microbiol. 113: 425-427.

Nakamura K, Stadtman ER 1984 Oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 2011-2015.

Nakamura T, Katoh Y, Shimizu Y, Matsuba Y, Unemoto T 1996 Cloning and sequencing of novel genes from Vibrio alginolyticus that support the growth of K+ uptake-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1277: 201-208.

Nakamura T, Vrinten P, Hayakawa K, Ikeda J 1998 Characterization of a granule-bound starch synthase isoform found in the pericarp of wheat. Plant Physiol. 118: 451-459.

Nakanishi T, Turner RJ, Burg MB 1990 Osmoregulation of betaine transport in mammalian renal medullary cells. Am. J. Physiol. 258: F1061-F1067.

Nakano MM, Dailly YP, Zuber P, Clark DP 1997 Characterization of anaerobic fermentative growth of Bacillus subtilis: identification of fermentation end products and genes required for growth. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6749-6755.

Nakasone K, Ikegami A, Kawano H, Kato C, Usami R, Horikoshi K 2002 Transcriptional regulation under pressure conditions by RNA polymerase sigma(54) factor with a two-component regulatory system in Shewanella violacea. Extremophiles 6: 89-95.

Nakatsuka T, Sato K, Takahashi H, Yamamura S, Nishihara M 2008 Cloning and characterization of the UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene from blue-flowered gentian. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1241-1252.

Nakazono M, Tsuji H, Li Y, Saisho D, Arimura Si, Tsutsumi N, Hirai A 2000 Expression of a gene encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in rice increases under submerged conditions. Plant Physiol. 124: 587-598.

Nandi A, Welti R, Shah J 2004 The Arabidopsis thaliana dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase gene suppressor of fatty acid desaturase deficiency1 is required for glycerolipid metabolism and for the activation of systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 16: 465-477.

Nandineni MR, Laishram RS, Gowrishankar J 2004 Osmosensitivity associated with insertions in argP (iciA) or glnE in glutamate synthase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6391-6399.

Napolitani C, Mandrich L, Riccio A, Lamberti A, Manco G, Patriarca EJ 2004 Mutational analysis of GstI protein, a glutamine synthetase translational inhibitor of Rhizobium leguminosarum. FEBS Lett. 558: 45-51.

Nast G, Muller-Rober B 1996 Molecular characterization of potato fumarate hydratase and functional expression in Escherichia coli. Plant Physiol. 112: 1219-1227.

Natarajan A, Srienc F 1999 Dynamics of glucose uptake by single Escherichia coli cells. Metab. Eng. 1: 320-333.

Navarro F, Chavez S, Candau P, Florencio FJ 1995 Existence of two ferredoxin-glutamate synthases in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Isolation and insertional inactivation of gltB and gltS genes. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 753-767.

Navarro F, Florencio FJ 1996 The cyanobacterial thioredoxin gene is required for both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Plant Physiol. 111: 1067-1075.

Navarro F, Martin-Figueroa E, Candau P, Florencio FJ 2000 Ferredoxin-dependent iron-sulfur flavoprotein glutamate synthase (GlsF) from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: expression and assembly in Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 379: 267-276.

Navarro F, Martin-Figueroa E, Florencio FJ 2000 Electron transport controls transcription of the thioredoxin gene (trxA) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 23-32.

Navarro-Garcia F, Perez-Diaz RM, Negredo AI, Pla J, Nombela C 1998 Cloning and sequence of a 3.835 kbp DNA fragment containing the HIS4 gene and a fragment of a PEX5-like gene from Candida albicans. Yeast 14: 1147-1157.

Navon A, Schulze AJ, Guillou Y, Zylinski CA, Baleux F, Expert-Bezancon N, Friguet B, Djavadi-Ohaniance L, Goldberg ME 1995 Importance of residues 2-9 in the immunoreactivity, subunit interactions, and activity of the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 4255-4261.

Negre F, Kolosova N, Knoll J, Kish CM, Dudareva N 2002 Novel S-adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate, is not involved in floral scent production in snapdragon flowers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 406: 261-270.

Nelms J, Edwards RM, Warwick J, Fotheringham I 1992 Novel mutations in the pheA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 which result in highly feedback inhibition-resistant variants of chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2592-2598.

Nemchenko A, Kunze S, Feussner I, Kolomiets M 2006 Duplicate maize 13-lipoxygenase genes are differentially regulated by circadian rhythm, cold stress, wounding, pathogen infection, and hormonal treatments. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3767-3779.

Nemeth A, Svingor A, Pocsik M, Dobo J, Magyar C, Szilagyi A, Gal P, Zavodszky P 2000 Mirror image mutations reveal the significance of an intersubunit ion cluster in the stability of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 468: 48-52.

Nemoto T, Cho EM, Okada A, Okada K, Otomo K, Kanno Y, Toyomasu T, Mitsuhashi W, Sassa T, Minami E, Shibuya N, Nishiyama M, Nojiri H, Yamane H 2004 Stemar-13-ene synthase, a diterpene cyclase involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin oryzalexin S in rice. FEBS Lett. 571: 182-186.

Nerlich A, von Orlow M, Rontein D, Hanson AD, Dormann P 2007 Deficiency in phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity in the psd1 psd2 psd3 triple mutant of Arabidopsis affects phosphatidylethanolamine accumulation in mitochondria. Plant Physiol. 144: 904-914.

Nersisian AA, Fedorova IuA, Khurges EM 1986 Cloning of genes for proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Genetika 22: 2713-2720.

Neubauer P, Lin HY, Mathiszik B 2003 Metabolic load of recombinant protein production: Inhibition of cellular capacities for glucose uptake and respiration after induction of a heterologous gene in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 83: 53-64.

Neuefeind T, Huber R, Dasenbrock H, Prade L, Bieseler B 1997 Crystal structure of herbicide-detoxifying maize glutathione S-transferase-I in complex with lactoylglutathione: evidence for an induced-fit mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 274: 446-453.

Neuhierl B, Thanbichler M, Lottspeich F, Bock A 1999 A family of S-methylmethionine-dependent thiol/selenol methyltransferases. Role in selenium tolerance and evolutionary relation. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 5407-5414.

Neumivakin LV, Solovjev VP, Sokhansanj A, Tilba VA, Moseiko NA, Shachbasian RV, Piruzian ES 1995 Increase in osmotolerance of Rhizobium fredii soybean isolate BD32 by the proB proA operon of Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217: 796-801.

Neumyvakin LV, Kobets NS, Piruzian ES 1990 Isolation of a spontaneous mutant of Escherichia coli superproducing proline and resistant to elevated concentrations of NaCl. Genetika 26: 1370-1379.

Neuwald AF, Stauffer GV 1985 DNA sequence and characterization of the Escherichia coli serB gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 7025-7039.

Neuwald AF, Stauffer GV 1989 An Escherichia coli membrane protein with a unique signal sequence. Gene 82: 219-228.

Newman BM, Cole JA 1977 Lack of a regulatory function for glutamine synthetase protein in the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli K12. J. Gen. Microbiol. 98: 369-377.

Newman EB, Budman LI, Chan EC, Greene RC, Lin RT, Woldringh CL, D'Ari R 1998 Lack of S-adenosylmethionine results in a cell division defect in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3614-3619.

Newton SS, Duman JG 2000 An osmotin-like cryoprotective protein from the bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 581-589.

Nichols BP, Green JM 1992 Cloning and sequencing of Escherichia coli ubiC and purification of chorismate lyase. J. Bacteriol. 174: 5309-5316.

Nichols BP, Seibold AM, Doktor SZ 1989 Para-aminobenzoate synthesis from chorismate occurs in two steps. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 8597-8601.

Niegemann E, Schulz A, Bartsch K 1993 Molecular organization of the Escherichia coli gab cluster: nucleotide sequence of the structural genes gabD and gabP and expression of the GABA permease gene. Arch. Microbiol. 160: 454-460.

Niehaus A, Gisselmann G, Schwenn JD 1992 Primary structure of the Synechococcus PCC 7942 PAPS reductase gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1179-1183.

Nielsen JS, Moller BL 2000 Cloning and expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in Triglochin maritima. Plant Physiol. 122: 1311-1322.

Niersbach M, Kreuzaler F, Geerse RH, Postma PW, Hirsch HJ 1992 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 ppsA gene, encoding PEP synthase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 231: 332-336.

Nihei C, Fukai Y, Kawai K, Osanai A, Yabu Y, Suzuki T, Ohta N, Minagawa N, Nagai K, Kita K 2003 Purification of active recombinant trypanosome alternative oxidase. FEBS Lett. 538: 35-40.

Nilavongse A, Brondijk TH, Overton TW, Richardson DJ, Leach ER, Cole JA 2006 The NapF protein of the Escherichia coli periplasmic nitrate reductase system: demonstration of a cytoplasmic location and interaction with the catalytic subunit, NapA. Microbiology 152: 3227-3237.

Nimmo HG, Borthwick AC, Elmansi EMT, HolmsWH, MacKintosh C, Nimmo GA 1987 Regulation of the enzymes at the branchpoint between the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate bypass in Escherichia coli. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 54: 93-101.

Nimmo HG, Douglas F, Kleanthous C, Campbell DG, MacKintosh C 1989 Identification of a cysteine residue at the active site of Escherichia coli isocitrate lyase. Biochem. J. 261: 431-435.

Ninfa AJ, Bennett RL 1991 Identification of the site of autophosphorylation of the bacterial protein kinase/phosphatase NRII. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 6888-6893.

Ninfa AJ, Jiang P, Atkinson MR, Peliska JA 2000 Integration of antagonistic signals in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 36: 31-75.

Ninfa AJ, Magasanik B 1986 Covalent modification of the glnG product, NRI, by the glnL product, NRII, regulates the transcription of the glnALG operon in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 5909-5913.

Ninfa AJ, Selinsky S, Perry N, Atkins S, Xiu Song Q, Mayo A, Arps D, Woolf P, Atkinson MR 2007 Using two-component systems and other bacterial regulatory factors for the fabrication of synthetic genetic devices. Methods Enzymol. 422: 488-512.

Ninfa AJ, Ueno-Nishio S, Hunt TP, Robustell B, Magasanik B 1986 Purification of nitrogen regulator II, the product of the glnL (ntrB) gene of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 168: 1002-1004.

Ninfa EG, Atkinson MR, Kamberov ES, Ninfa AJ 1993 Mechanism of autophosphorylation of Escherichia coli nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB): trans-phosphorylation between subunits. J. Bacteriol. 175: 7024-7032.

Ninio S, Elbaz Y, Schuldiner S 2004 The membrane topology of EmrE - a small multidrug transporter from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 562: 193-196.

Nishimaki T, Yamanaka H, Mizugaki M 1986 Acetyl-CoA-dependent chain elongation of fatty acids in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 99: 365-374.

Nishio K, Morimoto Y, Ishizuka M, Ogasahara K, Tsukihara T, Yutani K 2005 Conformational changes in the alpha-subunit coupled to binding of the beta 2-subunit of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli: crystal structure of the tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit alone. Biochemistry 44: 1184-1192.

Nishiyama M, Kobashi N, Tanaka K, Takahashi H, Tanokura M 1999 Cloning and characterization in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the principal sigma factor of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 172: 179-186.

Nishiyama M, Kukimoto M, Beppu T, Horinouchi S 1995 An operon encoding aspartokinase and purine phosphoribosyltransferase in Thermus flavus. Microbiology 141: 1211-1219.

Niu G, Liu G, Tian Y, Tan H 2006 SanJ, an ATP-dependent picolinate-CoA ligase, catalyzes the conversion of picolinate to picolinate-CoA during nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Metab. Eng. 8: 183-195.

Niu Y, Kong J, Fu L, Yang J, Xu Y 2008 Identification of a novel C20-elongase gene from the marine microalgae Pavlova viridis and its expression in Escherichia coli. Mar. Biotechnol. (N.Y.) Jul 24 [Epub ahead of print].

Niyogi KK, Fink GR 1992 Two anthranilate synthase genes in Arabidopsis: defense-related regulation of the tryptophan pathway. Plant Cell 4: 721-733.

Niyogi KK, Last RL, Fink GR, Keith B 1993 Suppressors of trp1 fluorescence identify a new Arabidopsis gene, TRP4, encoding the anthranilate synthase beta subunit. Plant Cell 5: 1011-1027.

Noctor G, Arisi AC, Jouanin L, Foyer CH 1998 Manipulation of glutathione and amino acid biosynthesis in the chloroplast. Plant Physiol. 118: 471-482.

Noctor G, Arisi ACM, Jouanin L, Valadier MH, Roux Y, Foyer CH 1997 Light-dependent modulation of foliar glutathione synthesis and associated amino acid metabolism in poplar overexpressing gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Planta 202: 357-369.

Nogales J, Guijo MI, Quesada A, Merchan F 2004 Functional analysis and regulation of the malate synthase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 219: 325-331.

Noiriel A, Naponelli V, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2007 Pterin and folate salvage. Plants and Escherichia coli lack capacity to reduce oxidized pterins. Plant Physiol. 143: 1101-1109.

Nomura M, Hibino T, Takabe T, Sugiyama T, Yokota A, Miyake H, Takabe T 1998 Transgenically produced glycinebetaine protects ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from inactivation in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 under salt stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 425-432.

Nomura M, Ishitani M, Takabe T, Rai AK, Takabe T 1995 Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 transformed with Escherichia coli bet genes produces glycine betaine from choline and acquires resistance to salt stress. Plant Physiol. 107: 703-708.

Nomura M, Nakajima I, Fujita Y, Kobayashi M, Kimoto H, Suzuki I, Aso H 1999 Lactococcus lactis contains only one glutamate decarboxylase gene. Microbiology 145: 1375-1380.

Nonogaki H, Gee OH, Bradford KJ 2000 A germination-specific endo-beta-mannanase gene is expressed in the micropylar endosperm cap of tomato seeds. Plant Physiol. 123: 1235-1246.

Noordewier MO, Warren PV 2001 Gene expression microarrays and the integration of biological knowledge. Trends Biotechnol. 19: 412-415.

Nordling E, Jornvall H, Persson B 2002 Medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (MDR). Family characterizations including genome comparisons and active site modeling. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 4267-4276.

Nordmann B, Lebert MR, Alam M, Nitz S, Kollmannsberger H, Oesterhelt D, Hazelbauer GL 1994 Identification of volatile forms of methyl groups released by Halobacterium salinarium. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 16449-16454.

Noronha SB, Yeh HJ, Spande TF, Shiloach J 2000 Investigation of the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt in Escherichia coli BL21 and JM109 using 13C-NMR/MS. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 68: 316-327.

Norris SR, Shen X, DellaPenna D 1998 Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 mutation with the gene encoding p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Plant Physiol. 117: 1317-1323.

Nosarszewski M, Clements AM, Downie AB, Archbold DD 2004 Sorbitol dehydrogenase expression and activity during apple fruit set and early development. Physiol. Plant. 121: 391-398.

Nowicki M, Muller F, Frentzen M 2005 Cardiolipin synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 579: 2161-2165.

Nozaki T, Arase T, Shigeta Y, Asai T, Leustek T, Takeuchi T 1998 Cloning and bacterial expression of adenosine-5'-triphosphate sulfurylase from the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1429: 284-291.

Nunez H, Lefimil C, Min B, Soll D, Orellana O 2004 In vivo formation of glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) in Escherichia coli by heterologous glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. FEBS Lett. 557: 133-135.

Nyyssola A, Kerovuo J, Kaukinen P, von Weymarn N, Reinikainen T 2000 Extreme halophiles synthesize betaine from glycine by methylation. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 22196-22201.

Nyyssola A, Reinikainen T, Leisola M 2001 Characterization of glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 2044-2050.

O'Donoghue P, Amaro RE, Luthey-Schulten Z 2001 On the structure of hisH: Protein structure prediction in the context of structural and functional genomics. J. Struct. Biol. 134: 257-268.

O'Gaora P, Maskel D, Coleman D, Cafferkey M, Dougan G 1989 Cloning and characterisation of the serC and aroA genes of Yersinia enterocolitica, and construction of an aroA mutant. Gene 84: 23-30.

O'Mahony PJ, Oliver MJ 1999 Characterization of a desiccation-responsive small GTP-binding protein (Rab2) from the desiccation-tolerant grass Sporobolus stapfianus. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 809-821.

Ober D, Harms R, Hartmann T 2000 Cloning and expression of homospermidine synthase from Senecio vulgaris: a revision. Phytochemistry 55: 305-309.

Oda T, Kitamura N, Nakanishi S, Ichiyama A 1985 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA for serine:pyruvate aminotransferase of rat liver. Eur. J. Biochem. 150: 415-421.

Ogahara T, Ohno M, Takayama M, Igarashi K, Kobayashi H 1995 Accumulation of glutamate by osmotically stressed Escherichia coli is dependent on pH. J. Bacteriol. 177: 5987-5890.

Ogasahara K, Hiraga K, Ito W, Miles EW, Yutani K 1992 Origin of the mutual activation of the alpha and beta 2 subunits in the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase. Effect of alanine or glycine substitutions at proline residues in the alpha subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 5222-5228.

Ogawa M, Herai Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H 2001 7-Methylxanthine methyltransferase of coffee plants. Gene isolation and enzymatic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 8213-8218.

Ogawa-Miyata Y, Kojima H, Sano K 2001 Mutation analysis of the feedback inhibition site of aspartokinase III of Escherichia coli K-12 and its use in L-threonine production. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65: 1149-1154.

Oh MK, Liao JC 2000 DNA microarray detection of metabolic responses to protein overproduction in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 2: 201-209.

Oh MK, Rohlin L, Kao KC, Liao JC 2002 Global expression profiling of acetate-grown Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 13175-13183.

Ohno H, Zhu GF, Mohan VP, Chu D, Kohno S, Jacobs WR, Chan J 2003 The effects of reactive nitrogen intermediates on gene expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Microbiol. 5: 637-648.

Ohsawa M, Mogi T, Yamamoto H, Yamato I, Anraku Y 1988 Proline carrier mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with altered cation sensitivity of substrate-binding activity: cloning, biochemical characterization, and identification of the mutation. J. Bacteriol. 170: 5185-5191.

Ohta D, Mori I, Ward E 1997 Inhibitors of imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase as herbicides. Weed Sci. 45: 610-620.

Ohta T, Tokishita S, Tsunoi R, Ohmae S, Yamagata H 2002 Characterization of Trp(+)reversions in Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA. Mutagenesis 17: 313-316.

Oishi H, Ebina M 2005 Isolation of cDNA and enzymatic properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Zoysia tenuifolia. J. Plant Physiol. 162: 1077-1086.

Okada T, Suzuki H, Wada K, Kumagai H, Fukuyama K 2007 Crystal structure of the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase precursor protein from Escherichia coli. Structural changes upon autocatalytic processing and implications for the maturation mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 2433-2439.

Okamoto-Nakazato A, Takahashi K, Kido N, Owaribe K, Katou K 2000 Molecular cloning of yieldins regulating the yield threshold of cowpea cell walls: cDNA cloning and characterization of recombinant yieldin. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 155-164.

Okamura-Ikeda K, Fujiwara K, Motokawa Y 1992 Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding chicken T-protein of the glycine cleavage system and expression of the functional protein in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 18284-18290.

Okamura-Ikeda K, Ohmura Y, Fujiwara K, Motokawa Y 1993 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gcv operon encoding the Escherichia coli glycine-cleavage system. Eur. J. Biochem. 216: 539-548.

Okazaki K, Sato N, Tsuji N, Tsuzuki M, Nishida I 2006 The significance of C16 fatty acids in the sn-2 positions of glycerolipids in the photosynthetic growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Plant Physiol. 141: 546-556.

Okinaka Y, Yang CH, Perna NT, Keen NT 2002 Microarray profiling of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 genes that are regulated during plant infection. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 15: 619-629.

Okorokov AL, Bukanov NO, Beskrovnaia OIu, Voroshilova EB, Gusiatiner MM, Gritsenko VG, Iankovskii NK, Debabov VG 1990 Development of the vector-host system in Corynebacterium. Cloning and expression of homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase genes in Corynebacterium cells. Genetika 26: 648-656.

Oldiges M, Kunze M, Degenring D, Sprenger GA, Takors R 2004 Stimulation, monitoring, and analysis of pathway dynamics by metabolic profiling in the aromatic amino acid pathway. Biotechnol. Prog. 20: 1623-1633.

Ollagnier-de Choudens S, Loiseau L, Sanakis Y, Barras F, Fontecave M 2005 Quinolinate synthetase, an iron-sulfur enzyme in NAD biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 579: 3737-3743.

Olmo-Mira MF, Gavira M, Richardson DJ, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C, Roldan MD 2004 NapF is a cytoplasmic iron-sulfur protein required for Fe-S cluster assembly in the periplasmic nitrate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 49727-49735.

Olszewski NE, Martin FB, Ausubel FM 1988 Specialized binary vector for plant transformation: expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS gene in Nicotiana tabacum. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 10765-10782.

Omagari K, Yoshimura H, Takano M, Hao D, Ohmori M, Sarai A, Suyama A 2004 Systematic single base-pair substitution analysis of DNA binding by the cAMP receptor protein in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 563: 55-58.

Omori K, Imai Y, Suzuki S, Komatsubara S 1993 Nucleotide sequence of the Serratia marcescens threonine operon and analysis of the threonine operon mutations which alter feedback inhibition of both aspartokinase I and homoserine dehydrogenase I. J. Bacteriol. 175: 785-794.

Onizuka T, Akiyama H, Endo S, Kanai S, Hirano M, Tanaka S, Miyasaka H 2003 CO2 response for expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes is inhibited by AT-rich decoy in the cyanobacterium. FEBS Lett. 542: 42-46.

Oriol E, Mendez-Alvarez S, Barbe J, Gibert I 1996 Cloning of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides hisL gene: unifunctionality of the encoded protein and lack of linkage to other his genes. Microbiology 142: 2071-2078.

Orr J, Keefer LM, Keim P, Nguyen TD, Wellems T, Heinrikson RL, Haselkorn R 1981 Purification, physical characterization, and NH2-terminal sequence of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 13091-13098.

Orser CS, Goodner BW, Johnston M, Gelvin SB, Csonka LN 1988 The Escherichia coli proB gene corrects the proline auxotrophy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae pro1 mutants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 212: 124-128.

Orsomando G, de la Garza RD, Green BJ, Peng M, Rea PA, Ryan TJ, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2005 Plant gamma-glutamyl hydrolases and folate polyglutamates: characterization, compartmentation, and co-occurrence in vacuoles. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 28877-28884.

Ortega F, Acerenza L, Westerhoff HV, Mas F, Cascante M 2002 Product dependence and bifunctionality compromise the ultrasensitivity of signal transduction cascades. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 1170-1175.

Osakabe Y, Nanto K, Kitamura H, Kawai S, Kondo Y, Fujii T, Takabe K, Katayama Y, Morohoshi N 1996 Immunocytochemical localization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tissues of Populus kitakamiensis. Planta 200: 13-19.

Osborne CB, Lowe KE, Shane B 1993 Regulation of folate and one-carbon metabolism in mammalian cells. I. Folate metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing Escherichia coli or human folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 21657-21664.

Osorio AV, Camarena L, Salazar G, Noll-Louzada M, Bastarrachea F 1993 Nitrogen regulation in an Escherichia coli strain with a temperature sensitive glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 239: 400-408.

Oster U, Tanaka R, Tanaka A, Rudiger W 2000 Cloning and functional expression of the gene encoding the key enzyme for chlorophyll b biosynthesis (CAO) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 21: 305-310.

Osteras M, Boncompagni E, Vincent N, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D 1998 Presence of a gene encoding choline sulfatase in Sinorhizobium meliloti bet operon: choline-O-sulfate is metabolized into glycine betaine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 11394-11399.

Ostergaard L, Lauvergeat V V, Naested H, Mattsson O, Mundy J 2001 Two differentially regulated Arabidopsis genes define a new branch of the DFR superfamily. Plant Sci. 160: 463-472.

Osuna D, Galvez-Valdivieso G, Piedras P, Pineda M, Aguilar M 2001 Cloning, characterization and mRNA expression analysis of PVAS1, a type I asparagine synthetase gene from Phaseolus vulgaris. Planta 213: 402-410.

Ott KH, Kwagh JG, Stockton GW, Sidorov V, Kakefuda G 1996 Rational molecular design and genetic engineering of herbicide resistant crops by structure modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of acetohydroxyacid synthase. J. Mol. Biol. 263: 359-368.

Ottenhof HH, Ashurst JL, Whitney HM, Saldanha SA, Schmitzberger F, Gweon HS, Blundell TL, Abell C, Smith AG 2004 Organisation of the pantothenate (vitamin B5) biosynthesis pathway in higher plants. Plant J. 37: 61-72.

Ottow EA, Polle A, Brosche M, Kangasjarvi J, Dibrov P, Zorb C, Teichmann T 2005 Molecular characterization of PeNhaD1: the first member of the NhaD Na(+)/H(+) antiporter family of plant origin. Plant Mol. Biol. 58: 75-88.

Oudot C, Jaquinod M, Cortay JC, Cozzone AJ, Jault JM 1999 The isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase from Escherichia coli is highly sensitive to in-vitro oxidative conditions role of cysteine67 and cysteine108 in the formation of a disulfide-bonded homodimer. Eur. J. Biochem. 262: 224-249.

Oue S, Okamoto A, Yano T, Kagamiyama H 2000 Cocrystallization of a mutant aspartate aminotransferase with a C5-dicarboxylic substrate analog: structural comparison with the enzyme-C4-dicarboxylic analog complex. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 127: 337-343.

Oultram JD, Loughlin M, Walmsley R, Gunnery SM, Minton NP 1993 The nucleotide sequence of genes involved in the leucine biosynthetic pathway of Clostridium pasteurianum. DNA Seq. 4: 105-111.

Ouyang J, Viola RE 1995 Use of structural comparisons to select mutagenic targets in aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 34: 6394-6399.

Ouzounis C, Casari G, Sander C, Tamames J, Valencia A 1996 Computational comparisons of model genomes. Trends Biotechnol. 14: 280-285.

Overton TW, Griffiths L, Patel MD, Hobman JL, Penn CW, Cole JA, Constantinidou C 2006 Microarray analysis of gene regulation by oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, FNR, NarL and NarP during anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli: new insights into microbial physiology. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 104-107.

Ozcan N, Kramer R, Morbach S 2005 Chill activation of compatible solute transporters in Corynebacterium glutamicum at the level of transport activity. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4752-4759.

Padgette SR, Re DB, Gasser CS, Eichholtz DA, Frazier RB, Hironaka CM, Levine EB, Shah DM, Fraley RT, Kishore GM 1991 Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved region of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase active site. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 22364-22369.

Padidam M, Reddy VS, Beachy RN, Fauquet CM 1999 Molecular characterization of a plant mitochondrial chaperone GrpE. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 871-881.

Padilla L, Agosin E 2005 Heterologous expression of Escherichia coli ppsA (phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase) and galU (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and its impact on trehalose synthesis. Metab. Eng. 7: 260-268.

Paessens A, Rudiger H 1980 Purification and chemical characterization of the vitamin-B12-dependent 5-methyltetrahydrofolate: homocysteine methyltransferase from Escherichia coli B. Eur. J. Biochem. 112: 47-51.

Page L, Griffiths L, Cole JA 1990 Different physiological roles of two independent pathways for nitrite reduction to ammonia by enteric bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 154: 349-354.

Pahel G, Tyler B 1979 A new glnA-linked regulatory gene for glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 4544-4548.

Pahel G, Zelenetz AD, Tyler BM 1978 gltB gene and regulation of nitrogen metabolism by glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 133: 139-148.

Pail M, Peterbauer T, Seiboth B, Hametner C, Druzhinina I, Kubicek CP 2004 The metabolic role and evolution of L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase of Hypocrea jecorina. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 1864-1872.

Pakhomova S, Luka Z, Grohmann S, Wagner C, Newcomer ME 2004 Glycine N-methyltransferases: a comparison of the crystal structures and kinetic properties of recombinant human, mouse and rat enzymes. Proteins 57: 331-337.

Pal C, Papp B, Lercher MJ 2005 Adaptive evolution of bacterial metabolic networks by horizontal gene transfer. Nat. Genet. 37: 1372-1375.

Pal C, Papp B, Lercher MJ 2005 Horizontal gene transfer depends on gene content of the host. Bioinformatics 21 Suppl. 2: ii222-ii223.

Palatnik JF, Valle EM, Carrillo N 1997 Oxidative stress causes ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase solubilization from the thylakoid membranes in methyl viologen-treated plants. Plant Physiol. 115: 1721-1727.

Palmer T, Santini CL, Iobbi-Nivol C, Eaves DJ, Boxer DH, Giordano G 1996 Involvement of the narJ and mob gene products in distinct steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 20: 875-884.

Palmer T, Vasishta A, Whitty PW, Boxer DH 1994 Isolation of protein FA, a product of the mob locus required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 222: 687-692.

Palombella AL, Dutcher SK 1998 Identification of the gene encoding the tryptophan synthase beta-subunit from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 117: 455-464.

Pan GL, Verhagen MFJM, Adams MWW 2001 Characterization of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Extremophiles 5: 393-398.

Pan Y, Durfee T, Bockhorst J, Craven M 2007 Connecting quantitative regulatory-network models to the genome. Bioinformatics 23: i367-i376.

Pan YT, Carroll JD, Asano N, Pastuszak I, Edavana VK, Elbein AD 2008 Trehalose synthase converts glycogen to trehalose. FEBS J. 275: 3408-3420.

Pan YT, Carroll JD, Elbein AD 2002 Trehalose-phosphate synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cloning, expression and properties of the recombinant enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 6091-6100.

Pan YT, Koroth Edavana V, Jourdian WJ, Edmondson R, Carroll JD, Pastuszak I, Elbein AD 2004 Trehalose synthase of Mycobacterium smegmatis: purification, cloning, expression, and properties of the enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 4259-4269.

Panagiotidis CA, Blackburn S, Low KB, Canellakis ES 1987 Biosynthesis of polyamines in ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatine ureohydrolase deletion mutants of Escherichia coli strain K-12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84: 4423-4427.

Panagiotidis CA, Huang SC, Canellakis ES 1994 Post-translational and transcriptional regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Int. J. Biochem. 26: 991-1001.

Pandey J, Koyuturk M, Kim Y, Szpankowski W, Subramaniam S, Grama A 2007 Functional annotation of regulatory pathways. Bioinformatics 23: i377-i386.

Pang SS, Duggleby RG 1999 Expression, purification, characterization, and reconstitution of the large and small subunits of yeast acetohydroxyacid synthase. Biochemistry 38: 5222-5231.

Pantel I, Lindgren PE, Neubauer H, Gotz F 1998 Identification and characterization of the Staphylococcus carnosus nitrate reductase operon. Mol. Gen. Genet. 259: 105-114.

Pappan K, Wang X 1999 Plant phospholipase Dalpha is an acidic phospholipase active at near-physiological Ca(2+) concentrations. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 368: 347-353.

Paradisi F, Dean JL, Geoghegan KF, Engel PC 2005 Spontaneous chemical reversion of an active site mutation: deamidation of an asparagine residue replacing the catalytic aspartic acid of glutamate dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 44: 3636-3643.

Parish T, Liu J, Nikaido H, Stoker NG 1997 A Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant with a defective inositol monophosphate phosphatase gene homolog has altered cell envelope permeability. J. Bacteriol. 179: 7827-7833.

Park H, Kreunen SS, Cuttriss AJ, DellaPenna D, Pogson BJ 2002 Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell 14: 321-332.

Park J, Osei YD, Churchich JE 1993 Isolation and characterization of recombinant mitochondrial 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 7636-7699.

Park KS, Jang YS, Lee H, Kim JS 2005 Phenotypic alteration and target gene identification using combinatorial libraries of zinc finger proteins in prokaryotic cells. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5496-5499.

Park KS, Kahn ML 1999 Distribution of two isoforms of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in soybean (Glycine max). Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 13-21.

Park OK, Bauerle R 1999 Metal-catalyzed oxidation of phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: inactivation and destabilization by oxidation of active-site cysteines. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1636-1642.

Park SJ, McCabe J, Turna J, Gunsalus RP 1994 Regulation of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene of Escherichia coli in response to anaerobiosis and carbon supply: role of the arcA gene product. J. Bacteriol. 176: 5086-5092.

Park SJ, Tseng CP, Gunsalus RP 1995 Regulation of succinate dehydrogenase (sdhCDAB) operon expression in Escherichia coli in response to carbon supply and anaerobiosis: role of ArcA and Fnr. Mol. Microbiol. 15: 473-482.

Park SM, Klapa MI, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G 1999 Metabolite and isotopomer balancing in the analysis of metabolic cycles: II. Applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62: 392-401.

Park SY, Beel BD, Simon MI, Bilwes AM, Crane BR 2004 In different organisms, the mode of interaction between two signaling proteins is not necessarily conserved. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 11646-11651.

Parker NB, Yang X, Hanke J, Mason KA, Schowen RL, Borchardt RT, Yin DH 2003 Trypanosoma cruzi: molecular cloning and characterization of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Exp. Parasitol. 105: 149-158.

Parr IB, Boehlein SK, Dribben AB, Schuster SM, Richards NG 1996 Mapping the aspartic acid binding site of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B using substrate analogs. J. Med. Chem. 39: 2367-2378.

Parsons JF, Jensen PY, Pachikara AS, Howard AJ, Eisenstein E, Ladner JE 2002 Structure of Escherichia coli aminodeoxychorismate synthase: Architectural conservation and diversity in chorismate-utilizing enzymes. Biochemistry 41: 2198-2208.

Parsot C 1986 Evolution of biosynthetic pathways: a common ancestor for threonine synthase, threonine dehydratase and D-serine dehydratase. EMBO J. 5: 3013-3019.

Parsot C, Cohen GN 1988 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis hom gene coding for homoserine dehydrogenase. Structural and evolutionary relationships with Escherichia coli aspartokinases-homoserine dehydrogenases I and II. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 14654-14660.

Parsot C, Cossart P, Saint-Girons I, Cohen GN 1983 Nucleotide sequence of thrC and of the transcription termination region of the threonine operon in Escherichia coli K12. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 7331-7345.

Parsot C, Mazel D 1987 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the thrB gene from the cyanobacterium Calothrix PCC 7601. Mol. Microbiol. 1: 45-52.

Parvathi K, Chen F, Guo D, Blount J, Dixon R 2001 Substrate preferences of O-methyltransferases in alfalfa suggest new pathways for 3-O-methylation of monolignols. Plant J. 25: 193-202.

Patek M, Hochmannova J, Jelinkova M, Nesvera J, Eggeling L 1998 Analysis of the leuB gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50: 42-47.

Patek M, Hochmannova J, Nesvera J 1993 Production of threonine by Brevibacterium flavum containing threonine biosynthesis genes from Escherichia coli. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 38: 355-359.

Patel SS, Picha KM 2000 Structure and function of hexameric helicases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 651-697.

Patnaik PR 2000 Are microbes intelligent beings?: An assessment of cybernetic modeling. Biotechnol. Adv. 18: 267-288.

Patte JC, Akrim M, Mejean V 1998 The leader sequence of the Escherichia coli lysC gene is involved in the regulation of LysC synthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 169: 165-170.

Patte JC, Clepet C, Bally M, Borne F, Mejean V, Foglino M 1999 ThrH, a homoserine kinase isozyme with in vivo phosphoserine phosphatase activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology 145: 845-853.

Patte JC, Morand P, Boy E, Richaud C, Borne F 1980 The relA locus and the regulation of lysine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 179: 319-325.

Patte JC, Richaud C, Boy E, Reinisch F, Richaud F, Cassan M 1976 Regulation of lysine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K12. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 121-128.

Patterson WR, Poulos TL 1994 Characterization and crystallization of recombinant pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17020-17024.

Patton DA, Johnson M, Ward ER 1996 Biotin synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. cDNA isolation and characterization of gene expression. Plant Physiol. 112: 371-378.

Pau RN, Lawson DM 2002 Transport, homeostasis, regulation, and binding of molybdate and tungstate to proteins. Met. Ions Biol. Syst. 39: 31-74.

Paul L, Blumenthal RM, Matthews RG 2001 Activation from a distance: roles of Lrp and integration host factor in transcriptional activation of gltBDF. J. Bacteriol. 183: 3910-398.

Paulsen IT, Chauvaux S, Choi P, Saier MH Jr 1998 Characterization of glucose-specific catabolite repression-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis: identification of a novel hexose:H+ symporter. J. Bacteriol. 180: 498-504.

Pawelec D, Jagusztyn-Krynicka E 1996 Complete nucleotide sequence of the Campylobacter jejuni 72Dz asd gene. Acta Microbiol. Pol. 45: 299-304.

Pawlowski K, Gough SP, Kannangara CG, Debruijn FJ 1993 Characterization of a 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase mutant of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 6: 35-44.

Peakman T, Busby S, Cole J 1990 Transcriptional control of the cysG gene of Escherichia coli K-12 during aerobic and anaerobic growth. Eur. J. Biochem. 191: 325-331.

Peakman T, Crouzet J, Mayaux JF, Busby S, Mohan S, Harborne N, Wootton J, Nicolson R, Cole J 1990 Nucleotide sequence, organisation and structural analysis of the products of genes in the nirB-cysG region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Eur. J. Biochem. 191: 315-323.

Peariso K, Zhou ZS, Smith AE, Matthews RG, Penner-Hahn JE 2001 Characterization of the zinc sites in cobalamin-independent and cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase using zinc and selenium X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Biochemistry 40: 987-993.

Pearson JT, Dabrowski MJ, Kung I, Atkins WM 2005 The central loop of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase is flexible and functionally passive. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 436: 397-405.

Pechous SW, Whitaker BD 2004 Cloning and functional expression of an (E, E)-alpha-farnesene synthase cDNA from peel tissue of apple fruit. Planta 219: 84-94.

Peddie BA, Chambers ST, Lever M 1996 Is the ability of urinary tract pathogens to accumulate glycine betaine a factor in the virulence of pathogenic strains? J. Lab. Clin. Med. 128: 417-422.

Peddie BA, Lever M, Hayman CM, Randall K, Chambers ST 1994 Relationship between osmoprotection and the structure and intracellular accumulation of betaines by Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 120: 125-131.

Peddie BA, Lever M, Randall K, Chambers ST 1999 Osmoprotective activity, urea protection, and accumulation of hydrophilic betaines in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 75: 183-189.

Peddie BA, Wong-She J, Randall K, Lever M, Chambers ST 1998 Osmoprotective properties and accumulation of betaine analogues by Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 160: 25-30.

Peddie BA, Wood JE, Lever M, Happer DA, de Zwart F, Chambers ST 2003 Assessment of antimicrobial activity of hydrophilic betaines in osmotically stressed bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 83: 175-181.

Peleman J, Boerjan W, Engler G, Seurinck J, Botterman J, Alliotte T, Van Montagu M, Inze D 1989 Strong cellular preference in the expression of a housekeeping gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. Plant Cell 1: 81-93.

Peng HL, Wang PY, Wu CM, Hwang DC, Chang HY 1992 Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of a Klebsiella pneumoniae gene encoding an FAD-independent acetolactate synthase. Gene 117: 125-130.

Peng WT, Wang J, Wu T, Huang JQ, Chiao JS, Zhao GP 2006 Bacterial type I glutamine synthetase of the rifamycin SV producing actinomycete, Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32, is the only enzyme responsible for glutamine synthesis under physiological conditions. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) 38: 821-830.

Peoples OP, Liebl W, Bodis M, Maeng PJ, Follettie MT, Archer JA, Sinskey AJ 1988 Nucleotide sequence and fine structural analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum hom-thrB operon. Mol. Microbiol. 2: 63-72.

Perez-Arellano I, Rubio V, Cervera J 2005 Dissection of Escherichia coli glutamate 5-kinase: functional impact of the deletion of the PUA domain. FEBS Lett. 579: 6903-6908.

Periappuram C, Steinhauer L, Barton DL, Taylor DC, Chatson B, Zou J 2000 The plastidic phosphoglucomutase from Arabidopsis. A reversible enzyme reaction with an important role in metabolic control. Plant Physiol. 122: 1193-1200.

Perl A, Shaul O, Galili G 1992 Regulation of lysine synthesis in transgenic potato plants expressing a bacterial dihydrodipicolinate synthase in their chloroplasts. Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 815-823.

Perroud B, Le Rudulier D 1985 Glycine betaine transport in Escherichia coli: osmotic modulation. J. Bacteriol. 161: 393-401.

Persans MW, Yan X, Patnoe JM, Kramer U, Salt DE 1999 Molecular dissection of the role of histidine in nickel hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense (Halacsy). Plant Physiol. 121: 1117-1126.

Peter H, Bader A, Burkovski A, Lambert C, Kramer R 1997 Isolation of the putP gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum and characterization of a low-affinity uptake system for compatible solutes. Arch. Microbiol. 168: 143-151.

Peter H, Burkovski A, Kramer R 1996 Isolation, characterization, and expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum betP gene, encoding the transport system for the compatible solute glycine betaine. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5229-5234.

Peters F, Rother M, Boll M 2004 Selenocysteine-containing proteins in anaerobic benzoate metabolism of Desulfococcus multivorans. J. Bacteriol. 186: 2156-2163.

Peters MH, Beltzer JP, Kohlhaw GB 1990 Expression of the yeast LEU4 gene is subject to four different modes of control. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 276: 294-298.

Petersen JL, Lang DW, Small GD 1999 Cloning and characterization of a class II DNA photolyase from Chlamydomonas. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 1063-1071.

Petersen S, Mack C, De Graaf AA, Riedel C, Eikmanns BJ, Sahm H 2001 Metabolic consequences of altered phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum reveal anaplerotic regulation mechanisms in vivo. Metab. Eng. 3: 344-361.

Peterson JD, Ingram LO 2008 Anaerobic respiration in engineered Escherichia coli with an internal electron acceptor to produce fuel ethanol. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1125: 363-372.

Pfeiffer M, Bestgen H, Burger A, Klein A 1998 The vhuU gene encoding a small subunit of a selenium-containing [NiFe]-hydrogenase in Methanococcus voltae appears to be essential for the cell. Arch. Microbiol. 170: 418-426.

Pfleger BF, Pitera DJ, Newman JD, Martin VJ, Keasling JD 2007 Microbial sensors for small molecules: development of a mevalonate biosensor. Metab. Eng. 9: 30-38.

Pfluger K, Baumann S, Gottschalk G, Lin W, Santos H, Muller V 2003 Lysine-2,3-aminomutase and beta-lysine acetyltransferase genes of methanogenic archaea are salt induced and are essential for the biosynthesis of N-epsilon-acetyl-beta-lysine and growth at high salinity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 6047-6055.

Pflughoeft KJ, Kierek K, Watnick PI 2003 Role of ectoine in Vibrio cholerae osmoadaptation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5919-5927.

Phalakornkule C, Lee S, Zhu T, Koepsel R, Ataai MM, Grossmann IE, Domach MM 2001 A MILP-based flux alternative generation and NMR experimental design strategy for metabolic engineering. Metab. Eng. 3: 124-137.

Pharkya P, Maranas CD 2006 An optimization framework for identifying reaction activation/inhibition or elimination candidates for overproduction in microbial systems. Metab. Eng. 8: 1-13.

Philippot L, Clays-Josserand A, Lensi R, Trinsoutreau I, Normand P, Potier P 1997 Purification of the dissimilative nitrate reductase of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the cloning and sequencing of its corresponding genes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1350: 272-276.

Phillips AL, Ward DA, Uknes S, Appleford NE, Lange T, Huttly AK, Gaskin P, Graebe JE, Hedden P 1995 Isolation and expression of three gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 108: 1049-1057.

Phillips RS, Dua RK 1992 Indole protects tryptophan indole-lyase, but not tryptophan synthase, from inactivation by trifluoroalanine. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296: 489-496.

Phue JN, Noronha SB, Hattacharyya R, Wolfe AJ, Shiloach J. 2005 Glucose metabolism at high density growth of E. coli B and E. coli K: differences in metabolic pathways are responsible for efficient glucose utilization in E. coli B as determined by microarrays and Northern blot analyses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 90: 805-820.

Phue JN, Shiloach J 2005 Impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on acetate accumulation and physiology of E. coli BL21, evaluating transcription levels of key genes at different dissolved oxygen conditions. Metab. Eng. 7: 353-363.

Pi J, Chow H, Pittard AJ 2002 Study of second-site suppression in the PheP gene for the phenylalanine transporter of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5842-5847.

Picaud S, Olsson ME, Brodelius PE 2007 Improved conditions for production of recombinant plant sesquiterpene synthases in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 51: 71-79.

Pieterse CM, van't Klooster J, van den Berg-Velthuis GC, Govers F 1995 NiaA, the structural nitrate reductase gene of Phytophthora infestans: isolation, characterization and expression analysis in Aspergillus nidulans. Curr. Genet. 27: 359-366.

Pike CS, Grieve J, Badger MR, Price GD 2001 Thermoprotective properties of small heat shock proteins from rice, tomato and Synechocystis sp PCC6803 overexpressed in, and isolated from, Escherichia coli. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1219-1229.

Pilon-Smits EA, Garifullina GF, Abdel-Ghany S, Kato S, Mihara H, Hale KL, Burkhead JL, Esaki N, Kurihara T, Pilon M 2002 Characterization of a NifS-like chloroplast protein from Arabidopsis. Implications for its role in sulfur and selenium metabolism. Plant Physiol. 130: 1309-1318.

Pinkofsky HB, Ginsburg A, Reardon I, Heinrikson RL 1984 Lysyl residue 47 is near the subunit ATP-binding site of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 9616-9622.

Pinon V, Ravanel S, Douce R, Alban C 2005 Biotin synthesis in plants. The first committed step of the pathway is catalyzed by a cytosolic 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase. Plant Physiol. 139: 1666-1676.

Pioszak AA, Jiang P, Ninfa AJ 2000 The Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein regulates the activities of the two-component system transmitter protein NRII by direct interaction with the kinase domain of the transmitter module. Biochemistry 39: 13450-13461.

Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ 2003 Mechanism of the PII-activated phosphatase activity of Escherichia coli NRII (NtrB): how the different domains of NRII collaborate to act as a phosphatase. Biochemistry 42: 8885-8899.

Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ 2003 Genetic and biochemical analysis of phosphatase activity of Escherichia coli NRII (NtrB) and its regulation by the PII signal transduction protein. J. Bacteriol. 185: 1299-1315.

Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ 2004 Mutations altering the N-terminal receiver domain of NRI (NtrC) that prevent dephosphorylation by the NRII-PII complex in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5730-5740.

Piotrowski M, Schonfelder S, Weiler EW 2001 The Arabidopsis thaliana isogene NIT4 and its orthologs in tobacco encode beta-cyano-L-alanine hydratase/nitrilase. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 2616-2621.

Pisabarro A, Malumbres M, Mateos LM, Oguiza JA, Martin JF 1993 A cluster of three genes (dapA, orf2, and dapB) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum encodes dihydrodipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and a third polypeptide of unknown function. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2743-2749.

Pitera DJ, Paddon CJ, Newman JD, Keasling JD 2007 Balancing a heterologous mevalonate pathway for improved isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 9: 193-207.

Pitt WG, Ross SA 2003 Ultrasound increases the rate of bacterial cell growth. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 1038-1044.

Plamann MD, Rapp WD, Stauffer GV 1983 Escherichia coli K12 mutants defective in the glycine cleavage enzyme system. Mol. Gen. Genet. 192: 15-20.

Plamann MD, Stauffer LT, Urbanowski ML, Stauffer GV 1983 Complete nucleotide sequence of the E. coli glyA gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 2065-2075.

Platko JV, Willins DA, Calvo JM 1990 The ilvIH operon of Escherichia coli is positively regulated. J. Bacteriol. 172: 4563-4570.

Pocard JA, Vincent N, Boncompagni E, Smith LT, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D 1997 Molecular characterization of the bet genes encoding glycine betaine synthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti 102F34. Microbiology 143: 1369-1379.

Pohnert G, Zhang S, Husain A, Wilson DB, Ganem B 1999 Regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis. Studies on the mechanism of phenylalanine binding and feedback inhibition in the Escherichia coli P-protein. Biochemistry 38: 12212-12217.

Polacco ML, Cronan JE Jr 1981 A mutant of Escherichia coli conditionally defective in the synthesis of holo-[acyl carrier protein]. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 5750-5754.

Pollock VV, Conover RC, Johnson MK, Barber MJ 2002 Bacterial expression of the molybdenum domain of assimilatory nitrate reductase: production of both the functional molybdenum-containing domain and the nonfunctional tungsten analog. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 403: 237-248.

Pommier J, Mandrand MA, Holt SE, Boxer DH, Giordano G 1992 A second phenazine methosulphate-linked formate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1107: 305-313.

Pomposiello PJ, Bennik MH, Demple B 2001 Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the Escherichia coli responses to superoxide stress and sodium salicylate. J. Bacteriol. 183: 3890-3902.

Ponce E, Martinez A, Bolivar F, Valle F 1998 Stimulation of glucose catabolism through the pentose pathway by the absence of the two pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 292-295.

Powell JT, Morrison JF 1979 Enzyme-enzyme interaction and the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 568: 467-474.

Powell JT, Morrison JF 1978 The purification and properties of the aspartate aminotransferase and aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 87: 391-400.

Powers SG, Riordan JF 1975 Functional arginyl residues as ATP binding sites of glutamine synthetase and carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 2616-2620.

Pramanik J, Keasling JD 1997 Stoichiometric model of Escherichia coli metabolism: incorporation of growth-rate dependent biomass composition and mechanistic energy requirements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 56: 398-421.

Preiss J 1996 ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase: basic science and applications in biotechnology. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 2: 259-279.

Prest AG, Winson MK, Hammond JR, Stewart GS 1997 The construction and application of a lux-based nitrate biosensor. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 24: 355-360.

Priestman MA, Healy ML, Funke T, Becker A, Schondbrunn E 2005 Molecular basis for the glyphosate-insensitivity of the reaction of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase with shikimate. FEBS Lett. 579: 5773-5780.

Prigent-Combaret C, Vidal O, Dorel C, Lejeune P 1999 Abiotic surface sensing and biofilm-dependent regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5993-6002.

Prior A, Uhrig JF, Heins L, Wiesmann A, Lillig CH, Stoltze C, Soll J, Schwenn JD 1999 Structural and kinetic properties of adenylyl sulfate reductase from Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1430: 25-38.

Privalle CT, Beyer WF Jr, Fridovich I 1989 Anaerobic induction of ProMn-superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 2758-2763.

Prohl C, Wackwitz B, Vlad D, Unden G 1998 Functional citric acid cycle in an arcA mutant of Escherichia coli during growth with nitrate under anoxic conditions. Arch. Microbiol. 170: 1-7.

Prudencio M, Eady RR, Sawers G 1999 The blue copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans: cloning of the nirA gene and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2323-2329.

Przybyla-Zawislak B, Dennis RA, Zakharkin SO, McCammon MT 1998 Genes of succinyl-CoA ligase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 258: 736-743.

Puan KJ, Wang H, Dairi T, Kuzuyama T, Morita CT 2005 fldA is an essential gene required in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 579: 3802-3806.

Purvis JE, Yomano LP, Ingram LO 2005 Enhanced trehalose production improves growth of Escherichia coli under osmotic stress. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3761-3769.

Pyne C, Bognar AL 1992 Replacement of the folC gene, encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase in Escherichia coli, with genes mutagenized in vitro. J. Bacteriol. 174: 1750-1759.

Qin C, Wang X 2002 The Arabidopsis phospholipase D family. Characterization of a calcium-independent and phosphatidylcholine-selective PLDzeta1 with distinct regulatory domains. Plant Physiol. 128: 1057-1068.

Qin J, Rosen BP, Zhang Y, Wang G, Franke S, Rensing C 2006 Arsenic detoxification and evolution of trimethylarsine gas by a microbial arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 2075-2080.

Qin XT, Martin SA 2004 Cloning of the O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase gene from the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium HD4. Curr. Microbiol. 48: 305-311.

Qiu Y, Davidson JN 2000 Substitutions in the aspartate transcarbamoylase domain of hamster CAD disrupt oligomeric structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 97-102.

Queau M, Renault J, Uriac P, Corbel JC, Travert MF, Bernard T, Donnio PY 2003 Antibacterial effect of two glycine betaine analogues against Escherichia coli. Pathol. Biol. 51: 516-519.

Quentin Y, Fichant G, Denizot F 1999 Inventory, assembly and analysis of Bacillus subtilis ABC transport systems. J. Mol. Biol. 287: 467-484.

Quick M, Jung H 1997 Aspartate 55 in the Na+/proline permease of Escherichia coli is essential for Na+-coupled proline uptake. Biochemistry 36: 4631-4636.

Quick M, Tebbe S, Jung H 1996 Ser57 in the Na+/proline permease of Escherichia coli is critical for high-affinity proline uptake. Eur. J. Biochem. 239: 732-736.

Quinlivan EP, Roje S, Basset G, Shachar-Hill Y, Gregory JF 3rd, Hanson AD 2003 The folate precursor p-aminobenzoate is reversibly converted to its glucose ester in the plant cytosol. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 20731-20737.

Quinn GB, Trimboli AJ, Prosser IM, Barber MJ 1996 Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of a recombinant form of the flavin domain of spinach NADH: nitrate reductase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 327: 151-160.

Raab T, Lopez-Raez JA, Klein D, Caballero JL, Moyano E, Schwab W, Munoz-Blanco J 2006 FaQR, required for the biosynthesis of the strawberry flavor compound 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, encodes an enone oxidoreductase. Plant Cell 18: 1023-1037.

Racchi ML, Forlani G, Stefanini F, Camussi A 1997 Inheritance of glyphosate tolerance among maize somaclones. Maydica 42: 275-280.

Racher KI, Voegele RT, Marshall EV, Culham DE, Wood JM, Jung H, Bacon M, Cairns MT, Ferguson SM, Liang WJ, Henderson PJF, White G, Hallett FR 1999 Purification and reconstitution of an osmosensor: transporter ProP of Escherichia coli senses and responds to osmotic shifts. Biochemistry 38: 1676-1684.

Raczynska-Pawelec A, Pawelec D, Rozynek E, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK 1995 Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni asd gene cloned in Escherichia coli. Acta Microbiol. Pol. 44: 227-241.

Radchuk V, Borisjuk L, Radchuk R, Steinbiss HH, Rolletschek H, Broeders S, Wobus U 2006 Jekyll encodes a novel protein involved in the sexual reproduction of barley. Plant Cell 18: 1652-1666.

Radwanski ER, Zhao J, Last RL 1995 Arabidopsis thaliana tryptophan synthase alpha: gene cloning, expression, and subunit interaction. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248: 657-667.

Raetz CR, Reynolds CM, Trent MS, Bishop RE 2007 Lipid A modification systems in gram-negative bacteria. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 76: 295-329.

Rafalski JA, Falco SC 1988 Structure of the yeast HOM3 gene which encodes aspartokinase. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 2146-2151.

Rager MN, Binet MR, Bouvet OM 1999 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of metabolic pathways in Pasteurella multocida characterization of a new mannitol-producing metabolic pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 263: 695-701.

Raghunathan A, Price ND, Galperin MY, Makarova KS, Purvine S, Picone AF, Cherny T, Xie T, Reilly TJ, Munson R Jr, Tyler RE, Akerley BJ, Smith AL, Palsson BO, Kolker E 2004 In silico metabolic model and protein expression of Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd KW20 in rich medium. OMICS 8: 25-41.

Rahman A, Wong Ks, Jane Jl, Myers AM, James MG 1998 Characterization of SU1 isoamylase, a determinant of storage starch structure in maize. Plant Physiol. 117: 425-435.

Rahman M, Hasan MR, Shimizu K 2008 Growth phase-dependent changes in the expression of global regulatory genes and associated metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Lett. 30: 853-860.

Rahman RN, Fujiwara S, Takagi M, Imanaka T 1998 Sequence analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. KOD1 and comparison of the enzymatic characteristics of native and recombinant GDHs. Mol. Gen. Genet. 257: 338-347.

Rai R, Rieder G 1998 Salt stress sensitivity of nitrogen fixation in enterobacter Agglomerans strains. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 44: 365-370.

Rais B, Chassagnole C, Letellier T, Fell DA, Mazat JP 2001 Threonine synthesis from aspartate in Escherichia coli cell-free extracts: pathway dynamics. Biochem. J. 356: 425-432.

Rajagopalan AV, Devi MT, Raghavendra AS 1994 Molecular biology of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: structure, regulation and genetic engineering. Photosynth. Res. 39: 115-135.

Ramaswamy KS, Endley S, Golden JW 1996 Nitrate reductase activity and heterocyst suppression on nitrate in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 require moeA. J. Bacteriol. 178: 3893-3898.

Ramilo CA, Evans JN 1997 Overexpression, purification, and characterization of tyrosine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif. 9: 253-261.

Ramirez RM, Prince WS, Bremer E, Villarejo M 1989 In vitro reconstitution of osmoregulated expression of proU of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 1153-1157.

Ramirez-Arcos S, Fernandez-Herrero LA, Berenguer J 1998 A thermophilic nitrate reductase is responsible for the strain specific anaerobic growth of Thermus thermophilus HB8. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1396: 215-227.

Ramjee MK, Genschel U, Abell C, Smith AG 1997 Escherichia coli L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase: preprotein processing and observation of reaction intermediates by electrospray mass spectrometry. Biochem. J. 323: 661-669.

Rana NK, Mohanpuria P, Yadav SK 2008 Cloning and characterization of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze that is upregulated by ABA, SA, and H2O2. Mol. Biotechnol. 39: 49-56.

Randall K, Lever M, Peddie BA, Chambers ST 1995 Competitive accumulation of betaines by Escherichia coli K-12 and derivative strains lacking betaine porters. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1245: 116-120.

Randall K, Lever M, Peddie BA, Chambers ST 1996 Natural and synthetic betaines counter the effects of high NaCl and urea concentrations. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1291: 189-194.

Ranocha P, Bourgis F, Ziemak MJ, Rhodes D, Gage DA, Hanson AD 2000 Characterization and functional expression of cDNAs encoding methionine-sensitive and -insensitive homocysteine S-methyltransferases from Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 15962-15968.

Rao NA, Talwar R, Savithri HS 2000 Molecular organization, catalytic mechanism and function of serine hydroxymethyltransferase--a potential target for cancer chemotherapy. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 32: 405-416.

Rao NN, Kornberg A 1999 Inorganic polyphosphate regulates responses of Escherichia coli to nutritional stringencies, environmental stresses and survival in the stationary phase. Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 23: 183-195.

Raschle T, Amrhein N, Fitzpatrick TB 2005 On the two components of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 32291-32300.

Rastogi R, Dulson J, Rothstein SJ 1993 Cloning of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) arginine decarboxylase gene and its expression during fruit ripening. Plant Physiol. 103: 829-834.

Rathinasabapathi B, Sigua C, Ho J, Gage DA 2000 Osmoprotectant beta-alanine betaine synthesis in the Plumbaginaceae: S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent N-methylation of beta-alanine to its betaine is via N-methyl and N,N-dimethyl beta-alanines. Physiol. Plant. 109: 225-231.

Rathinasabapathi B, Wu S, Sundaram S, Rivoal J, Srivastava M, Ma LQ 2006 Arsenic resistance in Pteris vittata L.: identification of a cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase based on cDNA expression cloning in Escherichia coli. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 845-857.

Raushel FM, Thoden JB, Holden HM 1999 The amidotransferase family of enzymes: molecular machines for the production and delivery of ammonia. Biochemistry 38: 7891-7899.

Raushel FM, Thoden JB, Reinhart GD, Holden HM 1998 Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: a crooked path from substrates to products. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2: 624-632.

Raux E, Lanois A, Levillayer F, Warren MJ, Brody E, Rambach A, Thermes C 1996 Salmonella typhimurium cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes: functional studies in S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 753-767.

Raux E, McVeigh T, Peters SE, Leustek T, Warren MJ 1999 The role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae met1p and met8p in sirohaem and cobalamin biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 338: 701-708.

Ravanel S 1997 Methionine biosynthesis in higher plants: biochemical and molecular characterization of the transsulfuration pathway enzymes. C. R. Acad. Sci. IIII 320: 497-504.

Ravanel S, Gakiere B, Job D, Douce R 1998 Cystathionine gamma-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana: purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 331: 639-648.

Ravanel S, Ruffet ML, Douce R 1995 Cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding cystathionine beta-lyase by functional complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Mol. Biol. 29: 875-882.

Ravasz E, Somera AL, Mongru DA, Oltvai ZN, Barabasi AL 2002 Hierarchical organization of modularity in metabolic networks. Science 297: 1551-1555.

Rawlins MR, Leaver CJ, May MJ 1995 Characterisation of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding glutathione synthetase. FEBS Lett. 376: 81-86.

Ray JM, Bauerle R 1991 Purification and properties of tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 173: 1894-1901.

Raychaudhuri A, Tipton PA 2002 Cloning and expression of the gene for soybean hydroxyisourate hydrolase. Localization and implications for function and mechanism. Plant Physiol. 130: 2061-2068.

Ream JE, Yuen HK, Frazier RB, Sikorski JA 1992 EPSP synthase: binding studies using isothermal titration microcalorimetry and equilibrium dialysis and their implications for ligand recognition and kinetic mechanism. Biochemistry 31: 5528-5534.

Reczkowski RS, Markham GD 1995 Structural and functional roles of cysteine 90 and cysteine 240 in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 18484-18490.

Reddy SG, Sacchettini JC, Blanchard JS 1995 Expression, purification, and characterization of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase. Biochemistry 34: 3492-3501.

Reddy SG, Scapin G, Blanchard JS 1996 Interaction of pyridine nucleotide substrates with Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase: thermodynamic and structural analysis of binary complexes. Biochemistry 35: 13294-13302.

Redondo-Nevado J, Aguilar M, Caballero JL, Pineda M 2004 Structural and genomic organization, cDNA characterization and expression analysis of the urate oxidase gene from chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Physiol. Plant. 121: 358-368.

Reed JL, Palsson BO 2003 Thirteen years of building constraint-based in silico models of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 185: 2692-2699.

Reed JL, Patel TR, Chen KH, Joyce AR, Applebee MK, Herring CD, Bui OT, Knight EM, Fong SS, Palsson BO 2006 Systems approach to refining genome annotation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 17480-17484.

Reents H, Gruner I, Harmening U, Bottger LH, Layer G, Heathcote P, Trautwein AX, Jahn D, Hartig E 2006 Bacillus subtilis Fnr senses oxygen via a [4Fe-4S] cluster coordinated by three cysteine residues without change in the oligomeric state. Mol. Microbiol. 60: 1432-1445.

Rees WD, Grant SD, Hay SM, Saqib KM 1994 Threonine synthesis from homoserine as a selectable marker in mammalian cells. Biochem. J. 299: 637-644.

Rees WD, Hay SM 1993 The expression of Escherichia coli threonine synthase and the production of threonine from homoserine in mouse 3T3 cells. Biochem. J. 291: 315-322.

Rees WD, Hay SM 1995 The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell. Biochem. J. 309: 999-1007.

Rees WD, Hay SM, Flint HJ 1992 Expression of Escherichia coli homoserine kinase in mouse 3T3 cells. Biochem. J. 281: 865-870.

Reese LM, Cutler KO, Deutch CE 1996 Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to proline analogues during osmotic stress and anaerobiosis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 202-205.

Regan L, Gregory M 1995 Flux analysis of microbial metabolic pathways using a visual programming environment. J. Biotechnol. 42: 151-161.

Reinhart F, Achebach S, Koch T, Unden G 2008 Reduced apo-fumarate nitrate reductase regulator (apoFNR) as the major form of FNR in aerobically growing Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190: 879-886.

Reitzer L 2003 Nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in Escherichia coli. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 57: 155-176.

Reshetnikov AS, Mustakhimov II, Khmelenina VN, Trotsenko YA 2005 Cloning, purification, and characterization of diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase from the halotolerant methanotroph Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. Biochemistry (Mosc.) 70: 878-883.

Rex JH, Aronson BD, Somerville RL 1991 The tdh and serA operons of Escherichia coli: mutational analysis of the regulatory elements of leucine-responsive genes. J. Bacteriol. 173: 5944-5953.

Rexer HU, Schaberle T, Wohlleben W, Engels A 2006 Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch. Microbiol. 186: 447-458.

Reyes F, Gavira M, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C 1998 Periplasmic nitrate-reducing system of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158: transcriptional and mutational analysis of the napKEFDABC gene cluster. Biochem. J. 331: 897-904.

Reyes F, Roldan MD, Klipp W, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivian C 1996 Isolation of periplasmic nitrate reductase genes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158: structural and functional differences among prokaryotic nitrate reductases. Mol. Microbiol. 19: 1307-1318.

Reyes JC, Florencio FJ 1994 A new type of glutamine synthetase in cyanobacteria: the protein encoded by the glnN gene supports nitrogen assimilation in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. J. Bacteriol. 176: 1260-1267.

Reyes JC, Muro-Pastor MI, Florencio FJ 1997 Transcription of glutamine synthetase genes (glnA and glnN) from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is differently regulated in response to nitrogen availability. J. Bacteriol. 179: 2678-2689.

Reynaldo LP, Villafranca JJ, Horrocks WD Jr 1996 Investigating the effects of posttranslational adenylylation on the metal binding sites of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase using lanthanide luminescence spectroscopy. Protein Sci. 5: 2532-2544.

Rhee SG, Chock PB 1976 Mechanistic studies of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli: kinetic evidence for two reaction intermediates in biosynthetic reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 476-480.

Rhee SG, Chock PB 1983 Purification and characterization of uridylylated and unuridylylated forms of regulatory protein PII involved in the glutamine synthetase regulation in Escherichia coli. Isozymes Curr. Top. Biol. Med. Res. 8: 141-153.

Rhee SG, Chock PB, Stadtman ER 1976 Mechanistic studies of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. An integrated mechanism for biosynthesis, transferase, ATPase reaction. Biochimie 58: 35-49.

Rhee SG, Chock PB, Wedler FC, Sugiyama Y 1981 Subunit interaction in unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Evidence from methionine sulfoximine inhibition studies. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 644-648.

Rhee SG, Park SC, Koo JH 1985 The role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 27: 221-232.

Rhee SG, Ubom GA, Hunt JB, Chock PB 1981 Fluorometric studies of aza-epsilon-adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 6010-6016.

Rhee SG, Ubom GA, Hunt JB, Chock PB 1982 Catalytic cycle of the biosynthetic reaction catalyzed by adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 289-297.

Riba L, Becerril B, Servin-Gonzalez L, Valle F, Bolivar F 1988 Identification of a functional promoter for the Escherichia coli gdhA gene and its regulation. Gene 71: 233-246.

Ricci JCD 2000 ADP modulates the dynamic behavior of the glycolytic pathway of Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 271: 244-249.

Rice DW, Yip KS, Stillman TJ, Britton KL, Fuentes A, Connerton I, Pasquo A, Scandura R, Engel PC 1996 Insights into the molecular basis of thermal stability from the structure determination of Pyrococcus furiosus glutamate dehydrogenase. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 18: 105-117.

Rice EW, Johnson CH, Dunnigan ME, Reasoner DJ 1993 Rapid glutamate decarboxylase assay for detection of Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 4347-4349.

Richards NG, Schuster SM 1992 An alternative mechanism for the nitrogen transfer reaction in asparagine synthetase. FEBS Lett. 313: 98-102.

Richaud F, Phuc NH, Cassan M, Patte JC 1980 Regulation of aspartokinase III synthesis in Escherichia coli: isolation of mutants c