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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
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Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, dihydrodipicolinate

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Blickling S, Beisel HG, Bozic D, Knablein J, Laber B, Huber R. Structure of dihydrodipicolinate synthase of Nicotiana sylvestris reveals novel quaternary structure. J. Mol. Biol. 274: 608-621 (1997).

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Blickling S, Renner C, Laber B, Pohlenz HD, Holak TA, Huber R. Reaction mechanism of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase investigated by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 36: 24-33 (1997).

Brinch-Pedersen H, Galili G, Knudsen S, Holm PB. Engineering of the aspartate family biosynthetic pathway in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by transformation with heterologous genes encoding feed-back-insensitive aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Plant Mol. Biol. 32: 611-620 (1996).

Brinch-Pedersen H, Olsen O, Knudsen S, Holm PB. An evaluation of feed-back insensitive aspartate kinase as a selectable marker for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation. Hereditas 131: 239-245 (1999).

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Dante RA, Neto GC, Leite A, Yunes JA, Arruda P. The DapA gene encoding the lysine biosynthetic enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Coix lacryma-jobi: cloning, characterization, and expression analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 551-561 (1999).

de Graaf AA, Eggeling L, Sahm H. Metabolic engineering for L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 73: 9-29 (2001).

Eggeling L, Oberle S, Sahm H. Improved L-lysine yield with Corynebacterium glutamicum: use of dapA resulting in increased flux combined with growth limitation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49: 24-30 (1998).

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Frankard V, Ghislain M, Jacobs M. Two feedback-insensitive enzymes of the aspartate pathway in Nicotiana sylvestris. Plant Physiol. 99: 1285-1293 (1992).

Frisch DA, Tommey AM, Gengenbach BG, Somers DA. Direct genetic selection of a maize cDNA for dihydrodipicolinate synthase in an Escherichia coli dapA- auxotroph. Mol. Gen. Genet. 228: 287-293 (1991).

Frizzi A, Huang S, Gilbertson LA, Armstrong TA, Luethy MH, Malvar TM. Modifying lysine biosynthesis and catabolism in corn with a single bifunctional expression/silencing transgene cassette. Plant Biotechnol. J. 6: 13-21 (2008).

Galili G, Tang GL, Zhu XH, Amir R, Levanony H, Shy G, Herman EM. Plant seeds: An exciting model system for dissecting molecular and cellular regulation of metabolic processes. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 48: 181-187 (2000).

Galili G, Tang GL, Zhu XH, Karchi H, Miron D, Gakiere B, Stepansky A. Molecular genetic dissection and potential manipulation of lysine metabolism in seeds. J. Plant Physiol. 158: 515-520 (2001).

Garcia-Rodriguez FM, Zekri S, Toro N. Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti genes encoding a functional dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dapA) and dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dapB). Arch. Microbiol. 173: 438-444 (2000).

Ghislain M, Frankard V, Jacobs M. A dinucleotide mutation in dihydrodipicolinate synthase of Nicotiana sylvestris leads to lysine overproduction. Plant J. 8: 733-743 (1995).

Hacham Y, Song L, Schuster G, Amir R. Lysine enhances methionine content by modulating the expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthase. Plant J. 51: 850-861 (2007).

Hua Q, Yang C, Shimizu K. Metabolic control analysis for lysine synthesis using Corynebacterium glutamicum and experimental verification. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90: 184-192 (2000).

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Jakobsen OM, Brautaset T, Degnes KF, Heggeset TM, Balzer S, Flickinger MC, Valla S, Ellingsen TE. Overexpression of wild-type aspartokinase increases L-lysine production in thermotolerant methylotrophic Bacillus methanolicus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 652-661 (2009).

Kaneko T, Hashimoto T, Kumpaisal R, Yamada Y. Molecular cloning of wheat dihydrodipicolinate synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 17451-17455 (1990).

Karchi H, Miron D, Ben-Yaacov S, Galili G. The lysine-dependent stimulation of lysine catabolism in tobacco seed requires calcium and protein phosphorylation. Plant Cell 7: 1963-1970 (1995).

Karchi H, Shaul O, Galili G. Lysine synthesis and catabolism are coordinately regulated during tobacco seed development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 2577-2581 (1994).

Karsten WE. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Escherichia coli: pH dependent changes in the kinetic mechanism and kinetic mechanism of allosteric inhibition by L-lysine. Biochemistry 36: 1730-1739 (1997).

Laber B, Gomis-Ruth FX, Romao MJ, Huber R. Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Identification of the active site and crystallization. Biochem. J. 288: 691-695 (1992).

Lawrence MC, Barbosa JA, Smith BJ, Hall NE, Pilling PA, Ooi HC, Marcuccio SM. Structure and mechanism of a sub-family of enzymes related to N-acetylneuraminate lyase. J. Mol. Biol. 266: 381-399 (1997).

Lee SI, Kim HU, Lee YH, Suh SC, Lim YP, Lee HY, Kim HI. Constitutive and seed-specific expression of a maize lysine- feedback-insensitive dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene leads to increased free lysine levels in rice seeds. Mol. Breed. 8: 75-84 (2001).

Liu L, Shaw PD. Characterization of dapB, a gene required by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci BR2.024 for lysine and tabtoxinine-beta-lactam biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 179: 507-513 (1997).

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Mendelovitz S, Aharonowitz Y. Regulation of cephamycin C synthesis, aspartokinase, dihydrodipicolinic acid synthetase, and homoserine dehydrogenase by aspartic acid family amino acids in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21: 74-84 (1982).

Mirwaldt C, Korndorfer I, Huber R. The crystal structure of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Escherichia coli at 2.5 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 246: 227-239 (1995).

Motoyama H, Yano H, Terasaki Y, Anazawa H. Overproduction of L-lysine from methanol by Methylobacillus glycogenes derivatives carrying a plasmid with a mutated dapA gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3064-3070 (2001).

Moulin M, Deleu C, Larher F. L-Lysine catabolism is osmo-regulated at the level of lysine- ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase in rapeseed leaf discs. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 38: 577-585 (2000).

Paiva AM, Vanderwall DE, Blanchard JS, Kozarich JW, Williamson JM, Kelly TM. Inhibitors of dihydrodipicolinate reductase, a key enzyme of the diaminopimelate pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1545: 67-77 (2001).

Pavelka MS Jr, Weisbrod TR, Jacobs WR Jr. Cloning of the dapB gene, encoding dihydrodipicolinate reductase, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 179: 2777-2782 (1997).

Perl A, Shaul O, Galili G. Regulation of lysine synthesis in transgenic potato plants expressing a bacterial dihydrodipicolinate synthase in their chloroplasts. Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 815-823 (1992).

Pfefferle W, Mockel B, Bathe B, Marx A. Biotechnological manufacture of lysine. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 79: 59-112 (2003).

Phenix CP, Nienaber K, Tam PH, Delbaere LT, Palmer DR. Structural, functional and calorimetric investigation of MosA, a dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Sinorhizobium meliloti L5-30, does not support involvement in rhizopine biosynthesis. Chembiochem. 9: 1591-1602 (2008).

Pisabarro A, Malumbres M, Mateos LM, Oguiza JA, Martin JF. A cluster of three genes (dapA, orf2, and dapB) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum encodes dihydrodipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and a third polypeptide of unknown function. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2743-2749 (1993).

Potrykus J, White RL, Bearne SL. Proteomic investigation of amino acid catabolism in the indigenous gut anaerobe Fusobacterium varium. Proteomics 8: 2691-2703 (2008).

Rao AS. Regulation of lysine and dipicolinic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus brevis ATCC 10068: significance of derepression of the enzymes during the change from vegetative growth to sporulation. Arch. Microbiol. 141: 143-150 (1985).

Reddy SG, Sacchettini JC, Blanchard JS. Expression, purification, and characterization of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase. Biochemistry 34: 3492-3501 (1995).

Reddy SG, Scapin G, Blanchard JS. Interaction of pyridine nucleotide substrates with Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase: thermodynamic and structural analysis of binary complexes. Biochemistry 35: 13294-13302 (1996).

Richaud F, Richaud C, Ratet P, Patte JC. Chromosomal location and nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli dapA gene. J. Bacteriol. 166: 297-300 (1986).

Sahm H, Eggeling L, Eikmanns B, Kramer R. Construction of L-lysine-, L-threonine-, and L-isoleucine-overproducing strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 782: 25-39 (1996).

Sarrobert C, Thibaud MC, Contard-David P, Gineste S, Bechtold N, Robaglia C, Nussaume L. Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant accumulating threonine resulting from mutation in a new dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene. Plant J. 24: 357-368 (2000).

Scapin G, Blanchard JS. Enzymology of bacterial lysine biosynthesis. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 72: 279-324 (1998).

Scapin G, Blanchard JS, Sacchettini JC. Three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase. Biochemistry 34: 3502-3512 (1995).

Scapin G, Reddy SG, Blanchard JS. Three-dimensional structure of meso-diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biochemistry 35: 13540-13551 (1996).

Scapin G, Reddy SG, Zheng R, Blanchard JS. Three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli dihydrodipicolinate reductase in complex with NADH and the inhibitor 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate. Biochemistry 36: 15081-15088 (1997).

Selli A, Crociani F, Di Gioia D, Fava F, Crisetig G, Matteuzzi D. Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity in Bacillus stearothermophilus. Ital. J. Biochem. 43: 29-35 (1994).

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Shimizu H, Shikanai T. Dihydrodipicolinate reductase-like protein, CRR1, is essential for chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 52: 539-547 (2007).

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Vauterin M, Frankard V, Jacobs M. The Arabidopsis thaliana dhdps gene encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase, key enzyme of lysine biosynthesis, is expressed in a cell-specific manner. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 695-708 (1999).

Vauterin M, Jacobs M. Isolation of a poplar and an Arabidopsis thaliana dihydrodipicolinate synthase cDNA clone. Plant Mol. Biol. 25: 545-550 (1994).

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Number of references = 81

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