Agarwal S, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Tyagi A, Meena RC. Role of ABA, salicylic acid, calcium and hydrogen peroxide on antioxidant enzymes induction in wheat seedlings. Plant Sci. 169: 559-570 (2005).

Aiso K, Nozaki T, Shimoda M, Kokue E. Assay of dihydrofolate reductase activity by monitoring tetrahydrofolate using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal. Biochem. 272: 143-148 (1999).

Alba R, Payton P, Fei Z, McQuinn R, Debbie P, Martin GB, Tanksley SD, Giovannoni JJ. Transcriptome and selected metabolite analyses reveal multiple points of ethylene control during tomato fruit development. Plant Cell 17: 2954-2965 (2005).

Ali MB, Thanh NT, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Paek KP, Lee HL. Induction in the antioxidative systems and lipid peroxidation in suspension culture roots of Panax ginseng induced by oxygen in bioreactors. Plant Sci. 169: 833-841 (2005).

Ali MB, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Differential responses of anti-oxidants enzymes, lipoxygenase activity, ascorbate content and the production of saponins in tissue cultured root of mountain Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer and Panax quinquefolium L. Plant Sci. 169: 83-92 (2005).

Alia, Kondo Y, Sakamoto A, Nonaka H, Hayashi H, Saradhi PP, Chen TH, Murata N. Enhanced tolerance to light stress of transgenic Arabidopsis plants that express the codA gene for a bacterial choline oxidase. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 279-288 (1999).

Allen RD, Webb RP, Schake SA. Use of transgenic plants to study antioxidant defenses. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 23: 473-479 (1997).

Andrews PK, Fahy DA, Foyer CH. Relationships between fruit exocarp antioxidants in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) high pigment-1 mutant during development. Physiol. Plant. 120: 519-528 (2004).

Arisi AC, Cornic G, Jouanin L, Foyer CH. Overexpression of iron superoxide dismutase in transformed poplar modifies the regulation of photosynthesis at low CO2 partial pressures or following exposure to the prooxidant herbicide methyl viologen. Plant Physiol. 117: 565-574 (1998).

Arnold S, Kadenbach B. The intramitochondrial ATP/ADP-ratio controls cytochrome c oxidase activity allosterically. FEBS Lett. 443: 105-108 (1999).

Arora A, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC. Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Curr. Sci. 82: 1227-1238 (2002).

Arrigoni O. Ascorbate system in plant development. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 26: 407-419 (1994).

Asada K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 601-639 (1999).

Atkinson CJ, Dodds PA, Ford YY, LE Miere J, Taylor JM, Blake PS, Paul N. Effects of cultivar, fruit number and reflected photosynthetically active radiation on Fragaria x ananassa productivity and fruit ellagic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 97: 429-441 (2006).

Badawi GH, Kawano N, Yamauchi Y, Shimada E, Sasaki R, Kubo A, Tanaka K. Over-expression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhances the tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Physiol. Plant. 121: 231-238 (2004).

Badejo AA, Eltelib HA, Fukunaga K, Fujikawa Y, Esaka M. Increase in ascorbate content of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the acerola (Malpighia glabra) phosphomannomutase gene. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 423-428 (2009).

Badejo AA, Tanaka N, Esaka M. Analysis of GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene promoter from acerola (Malpighia glabra) and increase in ascorbate content of transgenic tobacco expressing the acerola gene. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 126-132 (2008).

Baier M, Kandlbinder A, Golldack D, Dietz KJ. Oxidative stress and ozone: perception, signalling and response. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1012-1020 (2005).

Baier M, Noctor G, Foyer CH, Dietz KJ. Antisense suppression of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin in Arabidopsis specifically enhances the activities and expression of enzymes associated with ascorbate metabolism but not glutathione metabolism. Plant Physiol. 124: 823-832 (2000).

Bajda A, Konopka-Postupolska D, Krzymowska M, Hennig J, Skorupinska-Tudek K, Surmacz L, Wojcik J, Matysiak Z, Chojnacki T, Skorzynska-Polit E, Drazkiewicz M, Patrzylas P, Tomaszewska M, Kania M, Swist M, Danikiewicz W, Piotrowska W, Swiezewska E. Role of polyisoprenoids in tobacco resistance against biotic stresses. Physiol. Plant. 135: 351-64 (2009).

Balestrasse KB, Gardey L, Gallego SM, Tomaro ML. Response of antioxidant defence system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 497-504 (2001).

Balkan J, Parldar FH, Dogru-Abbasoglu S, Aykac-Toker G, Uysal M. The effect of taurine or betaine pretreatment on hepatotoxicity and prooxidant status induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in the liver of rats. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17: 917-921 (2005).

Ball L, Accotto GP, Bechtold U, Creissen G, Funck D, Jimenez A, Kular B, Leyland N, Mejia-Carranza J, Reynolds H, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM. Evidence for a direct link between glutathione biosynthesis and stress defense gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 16: 2448-2462 (2004).

Banhegyi G, Benedetti A, Csala M, Mandl J. Stress on redox. FEBS Lett. 581: 3634-3640 (2007).

Barbehenn RV, Jones CP, Yip L, Tran L, Constabel CP. Limited impact of elevated levels of polyphenol oxidase on tree-feeding caterpillars: assessing individual plant defenses with transgenic poplar. Oecologia 154: 129-140 (2007).

Barka EA. Protective enzymes against reactive oxygen species during ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits in response to low amounts of UV-C. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 785-791 (2001).

Barlow JN, Zhang Z, John P, Baldwin JE, Schofield CJ. Inactivation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase involves oxidative modifications. Biochemistry 36: 3563-3569 (1997).

Barth C, De Tullio M, Conklin PL. The role of ascorbic acid in the control of flowering time and the onset of senescence. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1657-1665 (2006).

Barth C, Moeder W, Klessig DF, Conklin PL. The timing of senescence and response to pathogens is altered in the ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vitamin c-1. Plant Physiol. 134: 1784-1792 (2004).

Bartoli CG, Gomez F, Martinez DE, Guiamet JJ. Mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1663-1669 (2004).

Bartoli CG, Guiamet JJ, Kiddle G, Pastori GM, Di Cagno R, Theodoulou FL, Foyer CH. Ascorbate content of wheat leaves is not determined by maximal L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity under drought stress. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1073-1081 (2005).

Bartoli CG, Pastori GM, Foyer CH. Ascorbate biosynthesis in mitochondria is linked to the electron transport chain between complexes III and IV. Plant Physiol. 123: 335-344 (2000).

Bartoli CG, Yu J, Gomez F, Fernandez L, McIntosh L, Foyer CH. Inter-relationships between light and respiration in the control of ascorbic acid synthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1621-1631 (2006).

Battke F, Ernst D, Halbach S. Ascorbate promotes emission of mercury vapour from plants. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1487-1495 (2005).

Bechtold U, Richard O, Zamboni A, Gapper C, Geisler M, Pogson B, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM. Impact of chloroplastic- and extracellular-sourced ROS on high light-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 121-133 (2008).

Beck JL, Durack MC, Hamilton SE, de Jersey J. Irreversible inactivation of purple acid phosphatase by hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate. J. Inorg. Biochem. 73: 245-252 (1999).

Bennett RN, Mellon FA, Rosa EA, Perkins L, Kroon PA. Profiling glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites in tissues of Azima tetracantha L. (Salvadoraceae). J. Agric. Food Chem. 52: 5856-5862 (2004).

Benzie IF. Evolution of dietary antioxidants. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. Mol. Integr. Physiol. 136: 113-126 (2003).

Berczi A, Moller IM. Redox enzymes in the plant plasma membrane and their possible roles. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 1287-1302 (2000).

Bick JA, Aslund F, Chen Y, Leustek T. Glutaredoxin function for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 8404-8409 (1998).

Bidonde S, Ferrer MA, Zegzouti H, Ramassamy S, Latche A, Pech JC, Hamilton AJ, Grierson D, Bouzayen M. Expression and characterization of three tomato 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase cDNAs in yeast. Eur. J. Biochem. 253: 20-26 (1998).

Biemelt S, Keetman U, Albrecht G. Re-aeration following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of wheat seedlings. Plant Physiol. 116: 651-658 (1998).

Blevins DG, Lukaszewski KM. Boron in plant structure and function. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 481-500 (1998).

Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 91: 179-194 (2003).

Boddi B, Loudeche R, Franck F. Delayed chlorophyll accumulation and pigment photodestruction in the epicotyls of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum). Physiol. Plant. 125: 365-372 (2005).

Bolige A, Kiyota M, Goto K. Circadian rhythms of resistance to UV-C and UV-B radiation in Euglena as related to "escape from light" and "resistance to light". J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 81: 43-54 (2005).

Bommarius AS, Makryaleas K, Drauz K. An enzymatic route to L-ornithine from L-arginine--activation and stabilization studies on L-arginase. Biomed. Biochim. Acta 50: S249-S255 (1991).

Booker FL, Fiscus EL. The role of ozone flux and antioxidants in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated CO2 in soybean. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2139-2151 (2005).

Botti MG, Taylor MG, Botting NP. Studies on the mechanism of myrosinase. Investigation of the effect of glycosyl acceptors on enzyme activity. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 20530-20535 (1995).

Bulley SM, Rassam M, Hoser D, Otto W, Schünemann N, Wright M, MacRae E, Gleave A, Laing W. Gene expression studies in kiwifruit and gene over-expression in Arabidopsis indicates that GDP-L-galactose guanyltransferase is a major control point of vitamin C biosynthesis. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 765-778 (2009).

Bunkelmann JR, Trelease RN. Ascorbate peroxidase. A prominent membrane protein in oilseed glyoxysomes. Plant Physiol. 110: 589-598 (1996).

Burritt DJ, Larkindale J, Hurd CL. Antioxidant metabolism in the intertidal red seaweed Stictosiphonia arbuscula following desiccation. Planta 215: 829-838 (2002).

Burritt DJ, Mackenzie S. Antioxidant metabolism during acclimation of Begonia x erythrophylla to high light levels. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 91: 783-794 (2003).

Caldwell CR, Turano FJ, McMahon MB. Identification of two cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase cDNAs from soybean leaves and characterization of their products by functional expression in E. coli. Planta 204: 120-126 (1998).

Callard D, Axelos M, Mazzolini L. Novel molecular markers for late phases of the growth cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana cell-suspension cultures are expressed during organ senescence. Plant Physiol. 112: 705-715 (1996).

Cammack R, Jackson RH, Cornish-Bowden A, Cole JA. Electron-spin-resonance studies of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. Biochem. J. 207: 333-339 (1982).

Carrari F, Baxter C, Usadel B, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Zanor MI, Nunes-Nesi A, Nikiforova V, Centero D, Ratzka A, Pauly M, Sweetlove L, Fernie AR. Integrated analysis of metabolite and transcript levels reveals the metabolic shifts that underlie tomato fruit development and highlight regulatory aspects of metabolic network behavior. Plant Physiol. 142: 1380-1396 (2006).

Carter CJ, Thornburg RW. Tobacco Nectarin III is a bifunctional enzyme with monodehydroascorbate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activities. Plant Mol. Biol. 54: 415-425 (2004).

Casano LM, Gomez LD, Lascano HR, Gonzalez CA, Trippi VS. Inactivation and degradation of CuZn-SOD by active oxygen species in wheat chloroplasts exposed to photooxidative stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 433-440 (1997).

Celik A, Cullis PM, Sutcliffe MJ, Sangar R, Raven EL. Engineering the active site of ascorbate peroxidase. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 78-85 (2001).

Cercos M, Soler G, Iglesias DJ, Gadea J, Forment J, Talon M. Global analysis of gene expression during development and ripening of citrus fruit flesh. A proposed mechanism for citric acid utilization. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 513-527 (2006).

Cervilla LM, Blasco B, Ríos JJ, Romero L, Ruiz JM. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants subjected to boron toxicity. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 100: 747-756 (2007).

Chang CC, Ball L, Fryer MJ, Baker NR, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM. Induction of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 2 expression in wounded Arabidopsis leaves does not involve known wound-signalling pathways but is associated with changes in photosynthesis. Plant J. 38: 499-511 (2004).

Chang CC, Slesak I, Jorda L, Sotnikov A, Melzer M, Miszalski Z, Mullineaux PM, Parker JE, Karpinska B, Karpinski S. Arabidopsis chloroplastic glutathione peroxidases play a role in cross talk between photooxidative stress and immune responses. Plant Physiol. 150: 670-83 (2009).

Chen GX, Asada K. Hydroxyurea and p-aminophenol are the suicide inhibitors of ascorbate peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 2775-2781 (1990).

Chen LS, Cheng L. Both xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation and the antioxidant system are up-regulated in grape (Vitis labrusca L. cv. Concord) leaves in response to N limitation. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 2165-2175 (2003).

Chen LS, Li P, Cheng L. Effects of high temperature coupled with high light on the balance between photooxidation and photoprotection in the sun-exposed peel of apple. Planta 228: 745-756 (2008).

Chen LS, Qi YP, Liu XH. Effects of aluminum on light energy utilization and photoprotective systems in citrus leaves. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 96: 35-41 (2005).

Chen YP, Jia JF, Han XL. Weak microwave can alleviate water deficit induced by osmotic stress in wheat seedlings. Planta 229: 291-298 (2009).

Chen Z, Gallie DR. The ascorbic acid redox state controls guard cell signaling and stomatal movement. Plant Cell 16: 1143-1162 (2004).

Chen Z, Gallie DR. Increasing tolerance to ozone by elevating foliar ascorbic acid confers greater protection against ozone than increasing avoidance. Plant Physiol. 138: 1673-1689 (2005).

Chen Z, Gallie DR. Dehydroascorbate reductase affects leaf growth, development, and function. Plant Physiol. 142: 775-787 (2006).

Chen Z, Young TE, Ling J, Chang SC, Gallie DR. Increasing vitamin C content of plants through enhanced ascorbate recycling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 3525-3530 (2003).

Choi SM, Jeong SW, Jeong WJ, Kwon SY, Chow WS, Park YI. Chloroplast Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase is a highly sensitive site in cucumber leaves chilled in the light. Planta 216: 315-324 (2002).

Chomcheon P, Wiyakrutta S, Sriubolmas N, Ngamrojanavanich N, Kengtong S, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Aromatase inhibitory, radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities of depsidones and diaryl ethers from the endophytic fungus Corynespora cassiicola L36. Phytochemistry 70: 407-413 (2009).

Clendennen SK, May GD. Differential gene expression in ripening banana fruit. Plant Physiol. 115: 463-469 (1997).

Clifton IJ, Hsueh LC, Baldwin JE, Harlos K, Schofield CJ. Structure of proline 3-hydroxylase. Evolution of the family of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 6625-6636 (2001).

Colville L, Smirnoff N. Antioxidant status, peroxidase activity, and PR protein transcript levels in ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana vtc mutants. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 3857-3868 (2008).

Conklin PL. Recent advances in the role and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 383-394 (2001).

Conklin PL, Barth C. Ascorbic acid, a familiar small molecule intertwined in the response of plants to ozone, pathogens, and the onset of senescence. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 959-970 (2004).

Conklin PL, Last RL. Differential accumulation of antioxidant mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to ozone. Plant Physiol. 109: 203-212 (1995).

Conklin PL, Pallanca JE, Last RL, Smirnoff N. L-ascorbic acid metabolism in the ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vtc1. Plant Physiol. 115: 1277-1285 (1997).

Contour-Ansel D, Torres-Franklin ML, Cruz DE Carvalho MH, D'Arcy-Lameta A, Zuily-Fodil Y. Glutathione reductase in leaves of cowpea: cloning of two cDNAs, expression and enzymatic activity under progressive drought stress, desiccation and abscisic acid treatment. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 98: 1279-1287 (2006).

Cordoba-Pedregosa M, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Canadillas M, Navas P, Cordoba F. Role of apoplastic and cell-wall peroxidases on the stimulation of root elongation by ascorbate. Plant Physiol. 112: 1119-1125 (1996).

Cordoba-Pedregosa Mdel C, Villalba JM, Cordoba F, Gonzalez-Reyes JA. Changes in intracellular and apoplastic peroxidase activity, ascorbate redox status, and root elongation induced by enhanced ascorbate content in Allium cepa L. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 685-694 (2005).

Cousins AB, Bloom AJ. Oxygen consumption during leaf nitrate assimilation in a C-3 and C-4 plant: the role of mitochondrial respiration. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1537-1545 (2004).

Crowhurst RN, Gleave AP, Macrae EA, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Atkinson RG, Beuning LL, Bulley SM, Chagne D, Marsh KB, Matich AJ, Montefiori M, Newcomb RD, Schaffer RJ, Usadel B, Allan AC, Boldingh HL, Bowen JH, Davy MW, Eckloff R, Ferguson AR, Fraser LG, et al. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Actinidia: applications of a cross species EST database for gene discovery in the areas of flavor, health, color and ripening. BMC Genomics 9: 351 (2008).

Cuin TA, Shabala S. Compatible solutes reduce ROS-induced potassium efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell Environ. 30: 875-885 (2007).

D'Arcy-Lameta A, Ferrari-Iliou R, Contour-Ansel D, Pham-Thi AT, Zuily-Fodil Y. Isolation and characterization of four ascorbate peroxidase cDNAs responsive to water deficit in cowpea leaves. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 97: 133-140 (2006).

D'Haese D, Vandermeiren K, Asard H, Horemans N. Other factors than apoplastic ascorbate contribute to the differential ozone tolerance of two clones of Trifolium repens L.. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 623-632 (2005).

Dabrowski K, Hinterleitner S. Applications of a simultaneous assay of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic sulphate in biological materials. Analyst 114: 83-87 (1989).

Dalton DA, Baird LM, Langeberg L, Taugher CY, Anyan WR, Vance CP, Sarath G. Subcellular localization of oxygen defense enzymes in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) root nodules. Plant Physiol. 102: 481-489 (1993).

Dalton DA, Diaz del Castillo L, Kahn ML, Joyner SL, Chatfield JM. Heterologous expression and characterization of soybean cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 328: 1-8 (1996).

Dalton DA, Joyner SL, Becana M, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Chatfield JM. Antioxidant defenses in the peripheral cell layers of legume root nodules. Plant Physiol. 116: 37-43 (1998).

Danna CH, Bartoli CG, Sacco F, Ingala LR, Santa-Maria GE, Guiamet JJ, Ugalde RA. Thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase mutant exhibits impaired electron transport and photosynthetic activity. Plant Physiol. 132: 2116-2125 (2003).

Dat JF, Foyer CH, Scott IM. Changes in salicylic acid and antioxidants during induced thermotolerance in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol. 118: 1455-1461 (1998).

Davey MW, Bauw G, Montagu MV. Analysis of ascorbate in plant tissues by high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 239: 8-19 (1996).

Davey MW, Bauw G, Van Montagu M. Simultaneous high-performance capillary electrophoresis analysis of the reduced and oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed Sci. Appl. 697: 269-276 (1997).

Davey MW, Franck C, Keulemans J. Distribution, developmental and stress responses of antioxidant metabolism in Malus. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1309-1320 (2004).

Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC. Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture. Plant Physiol. 121: 535-544 (1999).

Davey MW, Kenis K, Keulemans J. Genetic control of fruit vitamin C contents. Plant Physiol. 142: 343-351 (2006).

Davletova S, Rizhsky L, Liang H, Shengqiang Z, Oliver DJ, Coutu J, Shulaev V, Schlauch K, Mittler R. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 is a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 17: 268-281 (2005).

De Gara L, de Pinto MC, Moliterni VM, D'Egidio MG. Redox regulation and storage processes during maturation in kernels of Triticum durum. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 249-258 (2003).

de Pinto MC, De Gara L. Changes in the ascorbate metabolism of apoplastic and symplastic spaces are associated with cell differentiation. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2559-2569 (2004).

de Pinto MC, Paradiso A, Leonetti P, De Gara L. Hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase at the crossroad between defence and cell death. Plant J. 48: 784-795 (2006).

De Pinto MC, Tommasi F, De Gara L. Changes in the antioxidant systems as part of the signaling pathway responsible for the programmed cell death activated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in tobacco bright-yellow 2 cells. Plant Physiol. 130: 698-708 (2002).

De Tullio M, Arrigoni O. Ascorbate peroxidase activity in resistant and susceptible plants of Lycopersicon esculentum. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 68: 613-617 (1992).

De Tullio M, Paciolla C, De Gara L. An electrophoretic procedure to detect three key enzymes of the ascorbate system. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 69: 231-236 (1993).

De Tullio MC, Paciolla C, Dalla Vecchia F, Rascio N, D'Emerico S, De Gara L, Liso R, Arrigoni O. Changes in onion root development induced by the inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl hydroxylase and influence of the ascorbate system on cell division and elongation. Planta 209: 424-434 (1999).

De Zacchini M, De Agazio M. Dimethylthiourea, a hydrogen peroxide trap, partially prevents stress effects and ascorbate peroxidase increase in spermidine-treated maize roots. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 237-244 (2001).

Dean JV, Devarenne TP. Peroxidase-mediated conjugation of glutathione to unsaturated phenylpropanoids. Evidence against glutathione S-transferase involvement. Physiol. Plant. 99: 271-278 (1997).

Debnam PM, Fernie AR, Leisse A, Golding A, Bowsher CG, Grimshaw C, Knight JS, Emes MJ. Altered activity of the P2 isoform of plastidic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) causes changes in carbohydrate metabolism and response to oxidative stress in leaves. Plant J. 38: 49-59 (2004).

Debolt S, Melino V, Ford CM. Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 3-8 (2007).

Del Carmen Cordoba-Pedregosa M, Cordoba F, Villalba JM, Gonzalez-Reyes JA. Zonal changes in ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide contents, peroxidase, and ascorbate-related enzyme activities in onion roots. Plant Physiol. 131: 697-706 (2003).

del Rio LA, Corpas FJ, Sandalio LM, Palma JM, Barroso JB. Plant peroxisomes, reactive oxygen metabolism and nitric oxide. IUBMB Life 55: 71-81 (2003).

del Rio LA, Corpas FJ, Sandalio LM, Palma JM, Gomez M, Barroso JB. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant systems and nitric oxide in peroxisomes. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1255-1272 (2002).

DellaPenna D. Plant metabolic engineering. Plant Physiol. 125: 160-163 (2001).

Demiral T, Turkan I. Does exogenous glycinebetaine affect antioxidative system of rice seedlings under NaCl treatment? J. Plant Physiol. 161: 1089-1100 (2004).

Deutsch JC, Butler JA, Marsh AM, Ross CA, Norris JM. Rapid mass spectrometric analysis for ascorbate and related organic acids in small volumes of plasma for use in pediatric subjects. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed Sci. Appl. 726: 79-84 (1999).

Deutsch JC, Kolhouse JF. Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate measurements in aqueous solutions and plasma determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 65: 321-326 (1993).

Diallinas G, Pateraki I, Sanmartin M, Scossa A, Stilianou E, Panopoulos NJ, Kanellis AK. Melon ascorbate oxidase: cloning of a multigene family, induction during fruit development and repression by wounding. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 759-770 (1997).

Diaz-Vivancos P, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Rubio M, Olmos E, Garcia JA, Martinez-Gomez P, Hernandez JA. Alteration in the chloroplastic metabolism leads to ROS accumulation in pea plants in response to plum pox virus. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2147-2160 (2008).

Diaz-Vivancos P, Rubio M, Mesonero V, Periago PM, Ros Barcelo A, Martinez-Gomez P, Hernandez JA. The apoplastic antioxidant system in Prunus: response to long-term plum pox virus infection. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3813-3824 (2006).

Dietz KJ, Jacob S, Oelze ML, Laxa M, Tognetti V, de Miranda SM, Baier M, Finkemeier I. The function of peroxiredoxins in plant organelle redox metabolism. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1697-1709 (2006).

Dinakar N, Nagajyothi PC, Suresh S, Udaykiran Y, Damodharam T. Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings. J. Environ. Sci. (China) 20: 199-206 (2008).

Ding S, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wen X, Zhang L, Lu C. Enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress in transgenic tobacco plants with decreased glutathione reductase activity leads to a decrease in ascorbate pool and ascorbate redox state. Plant Mol. Biol. 69: 577-592 (2009).

Dixon DP, Skipsey M, Grundy NM, Edwards R. Stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 138: 2233-2244 (2005).

Dombrecht B, Xue GP, Sprague SJ, Kirkegaard JA, Ross JJ, Reid JB, Fitt GP, Sewelam N, Schenk PM, Manners JM, Kazan K. MYC2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 2225-2245 (2007).

Dowdle J, Ishikawa T, Gatzek S, Rolinski S, Smirnoff N. Two genes in Arabidopsis thaliana encoding GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase are required for ascorbate biosynthesis and seedling viability. Plant J. 52: 673-689 (2007).

Drakakaki G, Marcel S, Glahn RP, Lund EK, Pariagh S, Fischer R, Christou P, Stoger E. Endosperm-specific co-expression of recombinant soybean ferritin and Aspergillus phytase in maize results in significant increases in the levels of bioavailable iron. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 869-880 (2005).

Drew DP, Lunde C, Lahnstein J, Fincher GB. Heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding monodehydroascorbate reductases from the moss, Physcomitrella patens and characterization of the expressed enzymes. Planta 225: 945-954 (2007).

Du L, Halkier BA. Isolation of a microsomal enzyme system involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis from seedlings of Tropaeolum majus L. Plant Physiol. 111: 831-837 (1996).

Du L, Lykkesfeldt J, Olsen CE, Halkier BA. Involvement of cytochrome P450 in oxime production in glucosinolate biosynthesis as demonstrated by an in vitro microsomal enzyme system isolated from jasmonic acid-induced seedlings of Sinapis alba L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 12505-12509 (1995).

Duan B, Yang Y, Lu Y, Korpelainen H, Berninger F, Li C. Interactions between water deficit, ABA, and provenances in Picea asperata. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 3025-3036 (2007).

Duan BL, Lu YW, Yin CY, Junttila O, Li CY. Physiological responses to drought and shade in two contrasting Picea asperata populations. Physiol. Plant. 124: 476-484 (2005).

Dumville JC, Fry SC. Solubilisation of tomato fruit pectins by ascorbate: a possible non-enzymic mechanism of fruit softening. Planta 217: 951-961 (2003).

Durner J, Klessig DF. Inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase by salicylic acid and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, two inducers of plant defense responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 11312-11316 (1995).

Dutilleul C, Garmier M, Noctor G, Mathieu C, Chetrit P, Foyer CH, de Paepe R. Leaf mitochondria modulate whole cell redox homeostasis, set antioxidant capacity, and determine stress resistance through altered signaling and diurnal regulation. Plant Cell 15: 1212-1226 (2003).

Eastmond PJ. MONODEHYROASCORBATE REDUCTASE4 is required for seed storage oil hydrolysis and postgerminative growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 1376-1387 (2007).

Eller AS, Sparks JP. Predicting leaf-level fluxes of O3 and NO2: the relative roles of diffusion and biochemical processes. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1742-1750 (2006).

Eltayeb AE, Kawano N, Badawi GH, Kaminaka H, Sanekata T, Shibahara T, Inanaga S, Tanaka K. Overexpression of monodehydroascorbate reductase in transgenic tobacco confers enhanced tolerance to ozone, salt and polyethylene glycol stresses. Planta 225: 1255-1264 (2007).

Encina A, Fry SC. Oxidative coupling of a feruloyl-arabinoxylan trisaccharide (FAXX) in the walls of living maize cells requires endogenous hydrogen peroxide and is controlled by a low-M(r) apoplastic inhibitor. Planta 223: 77-89 (2005).

Endres S, Tenhaken R. myo-Inositol oxygenase controls the level of myo-inositol in Arabidopsis but does not increase ascorbic acid. Plant Physiol. 149: 1042-1049 (2009).

Escobar C, Hernandez LE, Jimenez A, Creissen G, Ruiz MT, Mullineaux PM. Transient expression of Arabidopsis thaliana ascorbate peroxidase 3 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with recombinant potato virus X. Plant Cell Rep. 21: 699-704 (2003).

Fabisiak JP, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Borisenko GG, Korotaeva A, Pitt BR, Lazo JS, Kagan VE. Redox regulation of copper-metallothionein. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 363: 171-181 (1999).

Famiani F, Walker RP, Tecsi L, Chen ZH, Proietti P, Leegood RC. An immunohistochemical study of the compartmentation of metabolism during the development of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 675-683 (2000).

Farver O, Eady RR, Abraham ZH, Pecht I. The intramolecular electron transfer between copper sites of nitrite reductase: a comparison with ascorbate oxidase. FEBS Lett. 436: 239-242 (1998).

Fath A, Bethke P, Beligni V, Jones R. Active oxygen and cell death in cereal aleurone cells. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1273-1282 (2002).

Felton GW, Summers CB. Antioxidant systems in insects. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 29: 187-197 (1995).

Finkemeier I, Goodman M, Lamkemeyer P, Kandlbinder A, Sweetlove LJ, Dietz KJ. The mitochondrial type II peroxiredoxin F is essential for redox homeostasis and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under stress. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 12168-12180 (2005).

Finkemeier I, Kluge C, Metwally A, Georgi M, Grotjohann N, Dietz KJ. Alterations in Cd-induced gene expression under nitrogen deficiency in Hordeum vulgare. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 821-833 (2003).

Finnie C, Melchior S, Roepstorff P, Svensson B. Proteome analysis of grain filling and seed maturation in barley. Plant Physiol. 129: 1308-1319 (2002).

Fiscus EL, Booker FL, Burkey KO. Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 997-1011 (2005).

Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Milczarek G, Arasimowicz M, Ciszewski A. Do nitric oxide donors mimic endogenous NO-related response in plants? Planta 224: 1363-1372 (2006).

Fonseca F, Beal C, Mihoub F, Marin M, Corrieu G. Improvement of cryopreservation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus CFL1 with additives displaying different protective effects. Int. Dairy J. 13: 917-926 (2003).

Forti G, Elli G. Stimulation of photophosphorylation by ascorbate as a function of light intensity. Plant Physiol. 112: 1509-1511 (1996).

Fotopoulos V, De Tullio MC, Barnes J, Kanellis AK. Altered stomatal dynamics in ascorbate oxidase over-expressing tobacco plants suggest a role for dehydroascorbate signalling. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 729-737 (2008).

Fotopoulos V, Sanmartin M, Kanellis AK. Effect of ascorbate oxidase over-expression on ascorbate recycling gene expression in response to agents imposing oxidative stress. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3933-3943 (2006).

Fourcroy P, Vansuyt G, Kushnir S, Inze D, Briat JF. Iron-regulated expression of a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase encoded by the APX1 gene in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiol. 134: 605-613 (2004).

Foyer CH, Noctor G. Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants: a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1056-1071 (2005).

Foyer CH, Souriau N, Perret S, Lelandais M, Kunert KJ, Pruvost C, Jouanin L. Overexpression of glutathione reductase but not glutathione synthetase leads to increases in antioxidant capacity and resistance to photoinhibition in poplar trees. Plant Physiol. 109: 1047-1057 (1995).

Franceschi VR, Tarlyn NM. L-Ascorbic acid is accumulated in source leaf phloem and transported to sink tissues in plants. Plant Physiol. 130: 649-656 (2002).

Francis F, Lognay G, Wathelet JP, Haubruge E. Characterisation of aphid myrosinase and degradation studies of glucosinolates. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 50: 173-182 (2002).

Frei M, Tanaka JP, Wissuwa M. Genotypic variation in tolerance to elevated ozone in rice: dissection of distinct genetic factors linked to tolerance mechanisms. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 3741-3752 (2008).

Fryer MJ, Andrews JR, Oxborough K, Blowers DA, Baker NR. Relationship between CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport, and active O2 metabolism in leaves of maize in the field during periods of low temperature. Plant Physiol. 116: 571-580 (1998).

Fryer MJ, Ball L, Oxborough K, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM, Baker NR. Control of Ascorbate Peroxidase 2 expression by hydrogen peroxide and leaf water status during excess light stress reveals a functional organisation of Arabidopsis leaves. Plant J. 33: 691-705 (2003).

Fryer MJ, Oxborough K, Mullineaux PM, Baker NR. Imaging of photo-oxidative stress responses in leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1249-1254 (2002).

Fu J, Peterson K, Guttieri M, Souza E, Raboy V. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inositol monophosphatase: gene structure and enzyme characteristics. Plant Mol. Biol. 67: 629-642 (2008).

Fujibe T, Saji H, Arakawa K, Yabe N, Takeuchi Y, Yamamoto KT. A methyl viologen-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis, which is allelic to ozone-sensitive rcd1, is tolerant to supplemental ultraviolet-B irradiation. Plant Physiol. 134: 275-285 (2004).

Gadjev I, Vanderauwera S, Gechev TS, Laloi C, Minkov IN, Shulaev V, Apel K, Inze D, Mittler R, Van Breusegem F. Transcriptomic footprints disclose specificity of reactive oxygen species signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 141: 436-445 (2006).

Gandia-Herrero F, Escribano J, Garcia-Carmona F. Characterization of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase on betaxanthins: the tyramine-betaxanthin/dopamine-betaxanthin pair. Planta 222: 307-318 (2005).

Garcia POC, Rivero RM, Lopez-Lefebre LR, Sanchez E, Ruiz JM, Romero L. Response of oxidative metabolism to the application of carbendazim plus boron in tobacco. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 801-806 (2001).

Garcia-Muniz N, Martinez-Izquierdo JA, Puigdomenech P. Induction of mRNA accumulation corresponding to a gene encoding a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein by fungal elicitors. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 623-632 (1998).

Garnczarska M. Response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to re-aeration following hypoxia in lupine roots. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43: 583-590 (2005).

Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Smirnoff N. Antisense suppression of l-galactose dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana provides evidence for its role in ascorbate synthesis and reveals light modulated l-galactose synthesis. Plant J. 30: 541-553 (2002).

Gautier H, Massot C, Stevens R, Serino S, Genard M. Regulation of tomato fruit ascorbate content is more highly dependent on fruit irradiance than leaf irradiance. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 103: 495-504 (2009).

Gawronski JD, Benson DR. Microtiter assay for glutamine synthetase biosynthetic activity using inorganic phosphate detection. Anal. Biochem. 327: 114-118 (2004).

Gerhardt PN, Smith LT, Smith GM. Sodium-driven, osmotically activated glycine betaine transport in Listeria monocytogenes membrane vesicles. J. Bacteriol. 178: 6105-6109 (1996).

Gerhardt PN, Tombras Smith L, Smith GM. Osmotic and chill activation of glycine betaine porter II in Listeria monocytogenes membrane vesicles. J. Bacteriol. 182: 2544-2550 (2000).

Ghassemian M, Lutes J, Chang HS, Lange I, Chen W, Zhu T, Wang X, Lange BM. Abscisic acid-induced modulation of metabolic and redox control pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 69: 2899-2911 (2008).

Giacomelli L, Masi A, Ripoll DR, Lee MJ, van Wijk KJ. Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in two chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases shows accelerated light-induced necrosis when levels of cellular ascorbate are low. Plant Mol. Biol. 65: 627-644 (2007).

Giacomelli L, Rudella A, van Wijk KJ. High light response of the thylakoid proteome in Arabidopsis wild type and the ascorbate-deficient mutant vtc2-2. A comparative proteomics study. Plant Physiol. 141: 685-701 (2006).

Gillespie KM, Ainsworth EA. Measurement of reduced, oxidized and total ascorbate content in plants. Nat. Protoc. 2: 871-874 (2007).

Gillespie KM, Chae JM, Ainsworth EA. Rapid measurement of total antioxidant capacity in plants. Nat. Protoc. 2: 867-870 (2007).

Ginsburg S, Schellenberg M, Matile P. Cleavage of chlorophyll-porphyrin. Requirement for reduced ferredoxin and oxygen. Plant Physiol. 105: 545-554 (1994).

Giordano CV, Galatro A, Puntarulo S, Ballare CL. The inhibitory effects of UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) on Gunnera magellanica growth correlate with increased DNA damage but not with oxidative damage to lipids. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1415-1423 (2004).

Girardini J, Amirante A, Zemzoumi K, Serra E. Characterization of an omega-class glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma mansoni with glutaredoxin-like dehydroascorbate reductase and thiol transferase activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 5512-5521 (2002).

Gisselsson A, Szilagyi A, Akerlund HE. Role of histidines in the binding of violaxanthin de-epoxidase to the thylakoid membrane as studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Physiol. Plant. 122: 337-343 (2004).

Golan T, Muller-Moule P, Niyogi KK. Photoprotection mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimate to high light by increasing photosynthesis and specific antioxidants. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 879-887 (2006).

Gomez JM, Jimenez A, Olmos E, Sevilla F. Location and effects of long-term NaCl stress on superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Puget) chloroplasts. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 119-130 (2004).

Gomez-Baena G, Diez J, Garcia-Fernandez JM, El Alaoui S, Humanes L. Regulation of glutamine synthetase by metal-catalyzed oxidative modification in the marine oxyphotobacterium Prochlorococcus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1568: 237-244 (2001).

Gong HJ, Zhu XY, Chen KM, Wang SM, Zhang CL. Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Sci. 169: 313-321 (2005).

Gong M, Chen SN, Song YQ, Li ZG. Effect of calcium and calmodulin on intrinsic heat tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in maize seedlings. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 371-379 (1997).

Gonzalez A, Steffen KL, Lynch JP. Light and excess manganese. Implications for oxidative stress in common bean. Plant Physiol. 118: 493-504 (1998).

Grace SC, Logan BA. Energy dissipation and radical scavenging by the plant phenylpropanoid pathway. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 355: 1499-1510 (2000).

Grace SC, Logan BA. Acclimation of foliar antioxidant systems to growth irradiance in three broad-leaved evergreen species. Plant Physiol. 112: 1631-1640 (1996).

Grantz AA, Brummell DA, Bennett AB. Ascorbate free radical reductase mRNA levels are induced by wounding. Plant Physiol. 108: 411-418 (1995).

Green MA, Fry SC. Vitamin C degradation in plant cells via enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate. Nature 433: 83-87 (2005).

Griesen D, Su D, Berczi A, Asard H. Localization of an ascorbate-reducible cytochrome b561 in the plant tonoplast. Plant Physiol. 134: 726-734 (2004).

Groten K, Vanacker H, Dutilleul C, Bastian F, Bernard S, Carzaniga R, Foyer CH. The roles of redox processes in pea nodule development and senescence. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1293-1304 (2005).

Gueta-Dahan Y, Yaniv Z, Zilinskas BA, Ben-Hayyim G. Salt and oxidative stress: similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in citrus. Planta 203: 460-469 (1997).

Gupta AS, Webb RP, Holaday AS, Allen RD. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase protects plants from oxidative stress. Induction of ascorbate peroxidase in superoxide dismutase-overexpressing plants. Plant Physiol. 103: 1067-1073 (1993).

Haberer K, Herbinger K, Alexou M, Tausz M, Rennenberg H. Antioxidative defence of old growth beech (Fagus sylvatica) under double ambient O3 concentrations in a free-air exposure system. Plant Biol. (Stuttg.) 9: 215-226 (2007).

Haghjou MM, Shariati M, Smirnoff N. The effect of acute high light and low temperature stresses on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in two Dunaliella salina strains. Physiol. Plant. 135: 272-280 (2009).

Halliwell B. Oxidative stress in cell culture: an under-appreciated problem?. FEBS Lett. 540: 3-6 (2003).

Hamilton EW 3rd, Heckathorn SA. Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by anti-oxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas Complex II is protected by proline and betaine. Plant Physiol. 126: 1266-1274 (2001).

Hamilton EW 3rd, Heckathorn SA. Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by anti-oxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas complex II is protected by proline and betaine. Plant Physiol. 126: 1266-1274 (2001).

Hancock RD, Chudek JA, Walker PG, Pont SD, Viola R. Ascorbic acid conjugates isolated from the phloem of Cucurbitaceae. Phytochemistry 69: 1850-1858 (2008).

Hasegawa T, Tanaka A, Hosoda A, Takano F, Ohta T. Antioxidant C-glycosyl flavones from the leaves of Sasa kurilensis var. gigantea. Phytochemistry 69: 1419-1424 (2008).

Hatano T, Tsugawa M, Kusuda M, Taniguchi S, Yoshida T, Shiota S, Tsuchiya T. Enhancement of antibacterial effects of epigallocatechin gallate, using ascorbic acid. Phytochemistry 69: 3111-3116 (2008).

Hausler RE, Geimer S, Kunz HH, Schmitz J, Dormann P, Bell K, Hetfeld S, Guballa A, Flugge UI. Chlororespiration and grana hyperstacking - how an Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant can survive, which is defective in both starch biosynthesis and daily carbon export from chloroplasts (adg1-1/tpt-1). Plant Physiol. 149: 515-533 (2009).

Havaux M, Lutz C, Grimm B. Chloroplast membrane photostability in chlP transgenic tobacco plants deficient in tocopherols. Plant Physiol. 132: 300-310 (2003).

Hayashi R, Morohashi Y. Phytochrome control of the development of ascorbate oxidase activity in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 102: 1237-1241 (1993).

He L, Ban Y, Inoue H, Matsuda N, Liu J, Moriguchi T. Enhancement of spermidine content and antioxidant capacity in transgenic pear shoots overexpressing apple spermidine synthase in response to salinity and hyperosmosis. Phytochemistry 69: 2133-2141 (2008).

Heiber I, Stroher E, Raatz B, Busse I, Kahmann U, Bevan MW, Dietz KJ, Baier M. The redox imbalanced mutants of Arabidopsis differentiate signaling pathways for redox regulation of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes. Plant Physiol. 143: 1774-1788 (2007).

Herbik A, Giritch A, Horstmann C, Becker R, Balzer HJ, Baumlein H, Stephan UW. Iron and copper nutrition-dependent changes in protein expression in a tomato wild type and the nicotianamine-free mutant chloronerva. Plant Physiol. 111: 533-540 (1996).

Herbinger K, Then C, Haberer K, Alexou M, Löw M, Remele K, Rennenberg H, Matyssek R, Grill D, Wieser G, Tausz M. Gas exchange and antioxidative compounds in young beech trees under free-air ozone exposure and comparisons to adult trees. Plant Biol. (Stuttg.) 9: 288-297 (2007).

Hernandez I, Alegre L, Van Breusegem F, Munne-Bosch S. How relevant are flavonoids as antioxidants in plants? Trends Plant Sci. 14: 125-132 (2009).

Hernandez JA, Díaz-Vivancos P, Rubio M, Olmos E, Ros-Barcelo A, Martinez-Gomez P. Long-term plum pox virus infection produces an oxidative stress in a susceptible apricot, Prunus armeniaca, cultivar but not in a resistant cultivar. Physiol. Plant. 126: 140-152 (2006).

Hernandez JA, Ferrer MA, Jimenez A, Barcelo AR, Sevilla F. Antioxidant systems and O2.-/H2O2 production in the apoplast of pea leaves. Its relation with salt-induced necrotic lesions in minor veins. Plant Physiol. 127: 817-831 (2001).

Hernandez JA, Jimenez A, Mullineaux P, Sevilia F. Tolerance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to long-term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defences. Plant Cell Environ. 23: 853-862 (2000).

Hernandez JA, Rubio M, Olmos E, Ros-Barcelo A, Martinez-Gomez P. Oxidative stress induced by long-term plum pox virus infection in peach (Prunus persica). Physiol. Plant. 122: 486-495 (2004).

Hewezi T, Petitprez M, Gentzbittel L. Primary metabolic pathways and signal transduction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): comparison of transcriptional profiling in leaves and immature embryos using cDNA microarrays. Planta 223: 948-964 (2006).

Hideg E, Kos PB, Schreiber U. Imaging of NPQ and ROS formation in tobacco leaves: heat inactivation of the water-water cycle prevents down-regulation of PS II. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 1879-1886 (2008).

Hill AP, Modi S, Sutcliffe MJ, Turner DD, Gilfoyle DJ, Smith AT, Tam BM, Lloyd E. Chemical, spectroscopic and structural investigation of the substrate-binding site in ascorbate peroxidase. Eur. J. Biochem. 248: 347-354 (1997).

Hirayama S, Ueda R, Sugata K. Evaluation of active oxygen effect on photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris. Free Radic. Res. 25: 247-254 (1996).

Hong CY, Hsu YT, Tsai YC, Kao CH. Expression of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 8 in roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings in response to NaCl. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 3273-3283 (2007).

Horemans N, Potters G, De Wilde L, Caubergs RJ. Dehydroascorbate uptake activity correlates with cell growth and cell division of tobacco bright yellow-2 cell cultures. Plant Physiol. 133: 361-367 (2003).

Horemans N, Raeymaekers T, Van Beek K, Nowocin A, Blust R, Broos K, Cuypers A, Vangronsveld J, Guisez Y. Dehydroascorbate uptake is impaired in the early response of Arabidopsis plant cell cultures to cadmium. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 4307-4317 (2007).

Horling F, Baier M, Dietz KJ. Redox-regulation of the expression of the peroxide-detoxifying chloroplast 2-cys peroxiredoxin in the liverwort Riccia fluitans. Planta 214: 304-313 (2001).

Horling F, Lamkemeyer P, Konig J, Finkemeier I, Kandlbinder A, Baier M, Dietz KJ. Divergent light-, ascorbate-, and oxidative stress-dependent regulation of expression of the peroxiredoxin gene family in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 317-325 (2003).

Hruby M, Cigler P, Kuzel S. Contribution to understanding the mechanism of titanium action in plant. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 577-598 (2002).

Hsu YT, Kao CH. Cadmium toxicity is reduced by nitric oxide in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 42: 227-238 (2004).

Hu X, Jiang M, Zhang A, Lu J. Abscisic acid-induced apoplastic H2O2 accumulation up-regulates the activities of chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Planta 223: 57-68 (2005).

Huang C, He W, Guo J, Chang X, Su P, Zhang L. Increased sensitivity to salt stress in an ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 3041-3049 (2005).

Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Lin YH. Isolation and expression of protein disulfide isomerase cDNA from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam 'Tainong 57') storage roots. Plant Sci. 169: 776-784 (2005).

Huckelhoven R, Dechert C, Trujillo M, Kogel KH. Differential expression of putative cell death regulator genes in near-isogenic, resistant and susceptible barley lines during interaction with the powdery mildew fungus. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 739-748 (2001).

Hunt J. A method for measuring nitrite in fresh vegetables. Food Addit. Contam. 11: 317-325 (1994).

Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV, Hill RD. Nitric oxide scavenging by barley hemoglobin is facilitated by a monodehydroascorbate reductase-mediated ascorbate reduction of methemoglobin. Planta 223: 1033-1040 (2006).

Igamberdiev AU, Hill RD. Plant mitochondrial function during anaerobiosis. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 103: 259-268 (2009).

Igamberdiev AU, Stoimenova M, Seregelyes C, Hill RD. Class-1 hemoglobin and antioxidant metabolism in alfalfa roots. Planta 223: 1041-1046 (2006).

Imai T, Ban Y, Terakami S, Yamamoto T, Moriguchi T. L-Ascorbate biosynthesis in peach: cloning of six L-galactose pathway-related genes and their expression during peach fruit development. Physiol. Plant. 136: 139-149 (2009).

Imai T, Kingston-Smith AH, Foyer CH. Ascorbate metabolism in potato leaves supplied with exogenous ascorbate. Free Radic. Res. 31: S171-S179 (1999).

Ioannidi E, Kalamaki MS, Engineer C, Pateraki I, Alexandrou D, Mellidou I, Giovannonni J, Kanellis AK. Expression profiling of ascorbic acid-related genes during tomato fruit development and ripening and in response to stress conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 663-678 (2009).

Irihimovitch V, Shapira M. Glutathione redox potential modulated by reactive oxygen species regulates translation of Rubisco large subunit in the chloroplast. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 16289-16295 (2000).

Ishida H, Anzawa D, Kokubun N, Makino A, Mae T. Direct evidence for non-enzymatic fragmentation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase by a reactive oxygen species. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 625-631 (2002).

Ishida H, Nishimori Y, Sugisawa M, Makino A, Mae T. The large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is fragmented into 37-kDa and 16-kDa polypeptides by active oxygen in the lysates of chloroplasts from primary leaves of wheat. Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 471-479 (1997).

Ishikawa T, Morimoto Y, Madhusudhan R, Sawa Y, Shibata H, Yabuta Y, Nishizawa A, Shigeoka S. Acclimation to diverse environmental stresses caused by a suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Cell Physiol. 46: 1264-1271 (2005).

Ishikawa T, Sakai K, Takeda T, Shigeoka S. Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a new type of ascorbate peroxidase from spinach. FEBS Lett. 367: 28-32 (1995).

Ishikawa T, Sakai K, Yoshimura K, Takeda T, Shigeoka S. cDNAs encoding spinach stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase, differing in the presence or absence of their 3'-coding regions. FEBS Lett. 384: 289-293 (1996).

Ishikawa T, Takeda T, Kohno H, Shigeoka S. Molecular characterization of Euglena ascorbate peroxidase using monoclonal antibody. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1290: 69-75 (1996).

Ishikawa T, Yoshimura K, Sakai K, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Shigeoka S. Molecular characterization and physiological role of a glyoxysome-bound ascorbate peroxidase from spinach. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 23-34 (1998).

Ishikawa T, Yoshimura K, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Shigeoka S. Alternative mRNA splicing of 3'-terminal exons generates ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Biochem. J. 328: 795-800 (1997).

Ivanov B, Asada K, Kramer DM, Edwards G. Characterization of photosynthetic electron transport in bundle sheath cells of maize. I. Ascorbate effectively stimulates cyclic electron flow around PSI. Planta 220: 572-581 (2005).

Ivanov B, Edwards G. Influence of ascorbate and the Mehler peroxidase reaction on non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in maize mesophyll chloroplasts. Planta 210: 765-774 (2000).

Ivanov BN. Oxygen reduction in chloroplasts and the ascorbate cycle. Biochemistry (Mosc.) 63: 133-138 (1998).

Jacobs J, Roe JL. SKS6, a multicopper oxidase-like gene, participates in cotyledon vascular patterning during Arabidopsis thaliana development. Planta 222: 652-666 (2005).

Jain AK, Nessler CL. Metabolic engineering of an alternative pathway for ascorbic acid biosynthesis in plants. Mol. Breeding 6: 73-78 (2000).

Janda T, Szalai G, Lesko K, Yordanova R, Apostol S, Popova LP. Factors contributing to enhanced freezing tolerance in wheat during frost hardening in the light. Phytochemistry 68: 1674-1682 (2007).

Jespersen HM, Kjaersgard IV, Ostergaard L, Welinder KG. From sequence analysis of three novel ascorbate peroxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana to structure, function and evolution of seven types of ascorbate peroxidase. Biochem. J. 326: 305-310 (1997).

Jiang M, Zhang J. Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 2401-2410 (2002).

Jiang M, Zhang J. Cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen species originated from NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defence in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 929-939 (2003).

Jiang M, Zhang J. Involvement of plasma-membrane NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid- and water stress-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Planta 215: 1022-1030 (2002).

Jimenez A, Creissen G, Kular B, Firmin J, Robinson S, Verhoeyen M, Mullineaux P. Changes in oxidative processes and components of the antioxidant system during tomato fruit ripening. Planta 214: 751-758 (2002).

Johnson KS, Felton GW. Plant phenolics as dietary antioxidants for herbivorous insects: A test with genetically modified tobacco. J. Chem. Ecol. 27: 2579-2597 (2001).

Jongebloed U, Szederkenyi J, Hartig K, Schobert C, Komor E. Sequence of morphological and physiological events during natural ageing and senescence of a castor bean leaf: sieve tube occlusion and carbohydrate back-up precede chlorophyll degradation. Physiol. Plant. 120: 338-346 (2004).

Joo JH, Bae YS, Lee JS. Role of auxin-induced reactive oxygen species in root gravitropism. Plant Physiol. 126: 1055-1060 (2001).

Joosen R, Cordewener J, Supena ED, Vorst O, Lammers M, Maliepaard C, Zeilmaker T, Miki B, America T, Custers J, Boutilier K. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identifies pathways and markers associated with the establishment of rapeseed microspore-derived embryo development. Plant Physiol. 144: 155-172 (2007).

Jubany-Mari T, Munne-Bosch S, Lopez-Carbonell M, Alegre L. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in the acclimation of the Mediterranean shrub, Cistus albidus L., to summer drought. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 107-120 (2009).

Kampfenkel K, Van Montagu M, Inze D. Extraction and determination of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate from plant tissue. Anal. Biochem. 225: 165-167 (1995).

Kandlbinder A, Finkemeier I, Wormuth D, Hanitzsch M, Dietz KJ. The antioxidant status of photosynthesizing leaves under nutrient deficiency: redox regulation, gene expression and antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant. 120: 63-73 (2004).

Kanervo E, Singh M, Suorsa M, Paakkarinen V, Aro E, Battchikova N, Aro EM. Expression of protein complexes and individual proteins upon transition of etioplasts to chloroplasts in pea (Pisum sativum). Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 396-410 (2008).

Kaneyuki T, Noda Y, Traber MG, Mori A, Packer L. Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of vegetable extracts measured using electron spin resonance. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 47: 979-989 (1999).

Kang HM, Saltveit ME. Effect of chilling on antioxidant enzymes and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of high- and low-vigour cucumber seedling radicles. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1233-1238 (2002).

Kang MK, Park KS, Choi D. Coordinated expression of defense-related genes by TMV infection or salicylic acid treatment in tobacco. Mol. Cells 8: 388-392 (1998).

Kanwischer M, Porfirova S, Bergmuller E, Dormann P. Alterations in tocopherol cyclase activity in transgenic and mutant plants of Arabidopsis affect tocopherol content, tocopherol composition, and oxidative stress. Plant Physiol. 137: 713-723 (2005).

Karkonen A, Fry SC. Effect of ascorbate and its oxidation products on H2O2 production in cell-suspension cultures of Picea abies and in the absence of cells. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1633-1644 (2006).

Karlsson M, Melzer M, Prokhorenko I, Johansson T, Wingsle G. Hydrogen peroxide and expression of hipI-superoxide dismutase are associated with the development of secondary cell walls in Zinnia elegans. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2085-2093 (2005).

Karnik SK, Trelease RN. Arabidopsis peroxin 16 trafficks through the ER and an intermediate compartment to pre-existing peroxisomes via overlapping molecular targeting signals. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 1677-1693 (2007).

Karpinski S, Escobar C, Karpinska B, Creissen G, Mullineaux PM. Photosynthetic electron transport regulates the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis during excess light stress. Plant Cell 9: 627-640 (1997).

Kato N, Esaka M. Expansion of transgenic tobacco protoplasts expressing pumpkin ascorbate oxidase is more rapid than that of wild-type protoplasts. Planta 210: 1018-1022 (2000).

Kawaoka A, Matsunaga E, Endo S, Kondo S, Yoshida K, Shinmyo A, Ebinuma H. Ectopic expression of a horseradish peroxidase enhances growth rate and increases oxidative stress resistance in hybrid aspen. Plant Physiol. 132: 1177-1185 (2003).

Keller R, Renz FS, Kossmann J. Antisense inhibition of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase reduces the ascorbate content in transgenic plants leading to developmental changes during senescence. Plant J. 19: 131-141 (1999).

Kerk NM, Jiang K, Feldman LJ. Auxin metabolism in the root apical meristem. Plant Physiol. 122: 925-932 (2000).

Khindaria A, Aust SD. EPR detection and characterization of lignin peroxidase porphyrin pi-cation radical. Biochemistry 35: 13107-13111 (1996).

Khoo SH, Al-Rubeai M. Metabolic characterization of a hyper-productive state in an antibody producing NS0 myeloma cell line. Metab. Eng. 11: 199-211 (2009).

Kim IJ, Chung WI. Isolation of genomic DNA containing a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene (ApxSC) from the strawberry. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62: 1358-1363 (1998).

Kim JH, Kim SJ, Cho SH, Chow WS, Lee CH. Photosystem I acceptor side limitation is a prerequisite for the reversible decrease in the maximum extent of P700 oxidation after short-term chilling in the light in four plant species with different chilling sensitivities. Physiol. Plant. 123: 100-107 (2005).

Kim JH, Lee BW, Schroeder FC, Jander G. Identification of indole glucosinolate breakdown products with antifeedant effects on Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). Plant J. 54: 1015-1026 (2008).

Kim K, Kim IH, Lee KY, Rhee SG, Stadtman ER. The isolation and purification of a specific "protector" protein which inhibits enzyme inactivation by a thiol/Fe(III)/O2 mixed-function oxidation system. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 4704-4711 (1988).

Kim K, Rhee SG, Stadtman ER. Nonenzymatic cleavage of proteins by reactive oxygen species generated by dithiothreitol and iron. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 15394-15397 (1985).

Kim SG, Kim ST, Kang SY, Wang Y, Kim W, Kang KY. Proteomic analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related proteins in rice roots. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 363-375 (2008).

Kimura K, Sugano S. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase by metal-catalyzed oxidation. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 112: 828-833 (1992).

Kitagawa RR, da Fonseca LM, Ximenes VF, Khalil NM, Vilegas W, Raddi MS. Ascorbic acid potentiates the cytotoxicity of the naphthoquinone 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin. Phytochemistry 69: 2205-2208 (2008).

Klebanov GI, Kapitanov AB, Teselkin YuO, Babenkova IV, Zhambalova BA, Lyubitsky OB, Nesterova OA, Vasil'eva OV, Popov IN, Lewin G, Vladimirov YuA. The antioxidant properties of lycopene. Membr. Cell Biol. 12: 287-300 (1998).

Kleine T, Kindgren P, Benedict C, Hendrickson L, Strand A. Genome-wide gene expression analysis reveals a critical role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the response of Arabidopsis to high irradiance. Plant Physiol. 144: 1391-1406 (2007).

Kocsy G, Galiba G, Brunold C. Role of glutathione in adaptation and signalling during chilling and cold acclimation in plants. Physiol. Plant. 113: 158-164 (2001).

Kocsy G, Laurie R, Szalai G, Szilagyi V, Simon-Sarkadi L, Galiba G, de Ronde JA. Genetic manipulation of proline levels affects antioxidants in soybean subjected to simultaneous drought and heat stresses. Physiol. Plant. 124: 227-235 (2005).

Kolbe A, Oliver SN, Fernie AR, Stitt M, van Dongen JT, Geigenberger P. Combined transcript and metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis leaves reveals fundamental effects of the thiol-disulfide status on plant metabolism. Plant Physiol. 141: 412-422 (2006).

Komatsu S, Muhammad A, Rakwal R. Separation and characterization of proteins from green and etiolated shoots of rice (Oryza sativa L.): towards a rice proteome. Electrophoresis 20: 630-636 (1999).

Koshiba T, Kobayashi M, Matoh T. Boron nutrition of tobacco BY-2 cells. V. oxidative damage is the major cause of cell death induced by boron deprivation. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 26-36 (2009).

Koshiba T, Matsuyama H. An in vitro system of indole-3-acetic acid formation from tryptophan in maize (Zea mays) coleoptile extracts. Plant Physiol. 102: 1319-1324 (1993).

Kostman TA, Tarlyn NM, Loewus FA, Franceschi VR. Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid and conversion of carbons 1 and 2 of L-ascorbic acid to oxalic acid occurs within individual calcium oxalate crystal idioblasts. Plant Physiol. 125: 634-640 (2001).

Kosugi Y, Oyamada N, Satoh S, Yoshioka T, Onodera E, Yamada Y. Inhibition by 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylate of the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase obtained from senescing petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers. Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 312-318 (1997).

Kotchoni SO, Larrimore KE, Mukherjee M, Kempinski CF, Barth C. Alterations in the endogenous ascorbic acid content affect flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 149: 803-815 (2009).

Koziol S, Zagulski M, Bilinski T, Bartosz G. Antioxidants protect the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae against hypertonic stress. Free Radic. Res. 39: 365-371 (2005).

Kranner I, Beckett RP, Wornik S, Zorn M, Pfeifhofer HW. Revival of a resurrection plant correlates with its antioxidant status. Plant J. 31: 13-24 (2002).

Kubo A, Saji H, Tanaka K, Kondo N. Expression of Arabidopsis cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene in response to ozone or sulfur dioxide. Plant Mol. Biol. 29: 479-489 (1995).

Kubo A, Saji H, Tanaka K, Kondo N. Genomic DNA structure of a gene encoding cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 315: 313-317 (1993).

Kubo A, Saji H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Kondo N. Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding ascorbate peroxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 691-701 (1992).

Kuhn DM, Arthur R Jr. Dopamine inactivates tryptophan hydroxylase and forms a redox-cycling quinoprotein: possible endogenous toxin to serotonin neurons. J. Neurosci. 18: 7111-7117 (1998).

Kuhnl T, Koch U, Heller W, Wellmann E. Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis: characterization of a light-induced microsomal 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 258: 226-32 (1987).

Kukavica B, Jovanovic SV. Senescence-related changes in the antioxidant status of ginkgo and birch leaves during autumn yellowing. Physiol. Plant. 122: 321-327 (2004).

Kumar P, Tewari RK, Sharma PN. Modulation of copper toxicity-induced oxidative damage by excess supply of iron in maize plants. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 399-409 (2008).

Kuzniak E, Sklodowska M. The effect of Botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 605-612 (2004).

Kuzniak E, Sklodowska M. Fungal pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant systems of leaf peroxisomes from infected tomato plants. Planta 222: 192-200 (2005).

Kuzniak E, Sklodowska M. Compartment-specific role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the response of tomato leaf cells to Botrytis cinerea infection. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 921-933 (2005).

Kvaratskhelia M, George SJ, Thorneley RN. Salicylic acid is a reducing substrate and not an effective inhibitor of ascorbate peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 20998-21001 (1997).

Kvaratskhelia M, Winkel C, Thorneley RN. Purification and characterization of a novel class III peroxidase isoenzyme from tea leaves. Plant Physiol. 114: 1237-1245 (1997).

Kwon SJ, Park JW, Choi WK, Kim IH, Kim K. Inhibition of metal-catalyzed oxidation systems by a yeast protector protein in the presence of thioredoxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201: 8-15 (1994).

Kwon SJ, Park JW, Kim K. Inhibition of metal-catalyzed oxidation systems by a yeast protector protein in the presence of thiol. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 32: 419-427 (1994).

Kwon SY, Jeong YJ, Lee HS, Kim JS, Cho KY, Allen RD, Kwak SS. Enhanced tolerances of transgenic tobacco plants expressing both superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in chloroplasts against methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 873-882 (2002).

Lad L, Mewies M, Basran J, Scrutton NS, Raven EL. Role of histidine 42 in ascorbate peroxidase. Kinetic analysis of the H42A and H42E variants. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 3182-3192 (2002).

Laing WA, Bulley S, Wright M, Cooney J, Jensen D, Barraclough D, Macrae E. A highly specific L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase on the path to ascorbate biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 16976-16981 (2004).

Laloraya MM, Chandra-kuntal K, Kumar GP, Laloraya M. Active oxygen species in blue light mediated signal transduction in coleoptile tips. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 256: 293-298 (1999).

Landry LG, Chapple CC, Last RL. Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenolic sunscreens exhibit enhanced ultraviolet-B injury and oxidative damage. Plant Physiol. 109: 1159-1166 (1995).

Larkindale J, Hall JD, Knight MR, Vierling E. Heat stress phenotypes of Arabidopsis mutants implicate multiple signaling pathways in the acquisition of thermotolerance. Plant Physiol. 138: 882-897 (2005).

Lascano HR, Antonicelli GE, Luna CM, Melchiorre MN, Gomez LD, Racca RW, Trippi VS, Casano LM. Antioxidant system response of different wheat cultivars under drought: field and in vitro studies. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1095-1102 (2001).

Laspina NV, Groppa MD, Tomaro ML, Benavides MP. Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Sci. 169: 323-330 (2005).

Lee BR, Kim KY, Jung WJ, Avice JC, Ourry A, Kim TH. Peroxidases and lignification in relation to the intensity of water-deficit stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). J. Exp. Bot. 58: 1271-1279 (2007).

Lee HJ, Duke MV, Duke SO. Cellular localization of protoporphyrinogen-oxidizing activities of etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. Relationship to mechanism of action of protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides. Plant Physiol. 102: 881-889 (1993).

Lee S, Choi H, Suh S, Doo IS, Oh KY, Jeong Choi E, Schroeder Taylor AT, Low PS, Lee Y. Oligogalacturonic acid and chitosan reduce stomatal aperture by inducing the evolution of reactive oxygen species from guard cells of tomato and Commelina communis. Plant Physiol. 121: 147-152 (1999).

Lee SC, Kang BG, Oh SE. Induction of ascorbate peroxidase by ethylene and hydrogen peroxide during growth of cultured soybean cells. Mol. Cells 9: 166-171 (1999).

Lee YS, Park SC, Goldberg AL, Chung CH. Protease So from Escherichia coli preferentially degrades oxidatively damaged glutamine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 6643-6646 (1988).

Leipner J, Stamp P, Fracheboud Y. Artificially increased ascorbate content affects zeaxanthin formation but not thermal energy dissipation or degradation of antioxidants during cold-induced photooxidative stress in maize leaves. Planta 210: 964-969 (2000).

Leterrier M, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, Sandalio LM, Del Rio LA. Peroxisomal monodehydroascorbate reductase. Genomic clone characterization and functional analysis under environmental stress conditions. Plant Physiol. 138: 2111-2123 (2005).

Levine RL. Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. II. Characterization of the ascorbate model system. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 11828-11833 (1983).

Levine RL. Proteolysis induced by metal-catalyzed oxidation. Revis. Biol. Celular. 21: 347-360 (1989).

Li J, Wu XD, Hao ST, Wang XJ, Ling HQ. Proteomic response to iron deficiency in tomato root. Proteomics 8: 2299-2311 (2008).

Li M, Ma F, Shang P, Zhang M, Hou C, Liang D. Influence of light on ascorbate formation and metabolism in apple fruits. Planta 230: 39-51 (2009).

Li P, Castagnoli S, Cheng L. Red 'Anjou' pear has a higher photoprotective capacity than green 'Anjou'. Physiol. Plant. 134: 486-498 (2008).

Li P, Cheng L. The shaded side of apple fruit becomes more sensitive to photoinhibition with fruit development. Physiol. Plant. 134: 282-292 (2008).

Light GG, Mahan JR, Roxas VP, Allen RD. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings expressing a tobacco glutathione S-transferase fail to provide improved stress tolerance. Planta 222: 346-354 (2005).

Lin KHR, Weng CC, Lo HF, Chen JT. Study of the root antioxidative system of tomatoes and eggplants under waterlogged conditions. Plant Sci. 167: 355-365 (2004).

Lindsay RM, Jamieson NS, Walker SA, McGuigan CC, Smith W, Baird JD. Tissue ascorbic acid and polyol pathway metabolism in experimental diabetes. Diabetologia 41: 516-523 (1998).

Linley PJ, Landsberger M, Kohchi T, Cooper JB, Terry MJ. The molecular basis of heme oxygenase deficiency in the pcd1 mutant of pea. FEBS J. 273: 2594-2606 (2006).

Linster CL, Clarke SG. L-Ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants: the role of VTC2. Trends Plant Sci. 13: 567-573 (2008).

Lintala M, Allahverdiyeva Y, Kangasjarvi S, Lehtimaki N, Keranen M, Rintamaki E, Aro EM, Mulo P. Comparative analysis of leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 57: 1103-1115 (2009).

Lisenbee CS, Heinze M, Trelease RN. Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase resides within a subdomain of rough endoplasmic reticulum in wild-type Arabidopsis cells. Plant Physiol. 132: 870-882 (2003).

Lisenbee CS, Lingard MJ, Trelease RN. Arabidopsis peroxisomes possess functionally redundant membrane and matrix isoforms of monodehydroascorbate reductase. Plant J. 43: 900-914 (2005).

Liso R, De Tullio MC, Ciraci S, Balestrini R, La Rocca N, Bruno L, Chiappetta A, Bitonti MB, Bonfante P, Arrigoni O. Localization of ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione in roots of Cucurbita maxima L. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2589-2597 (2004).

Liu X, Shiomi S, Nakatsuka A, Kubo Y, Nakamura R, Inaba A. Characterization of ethylene biosynthesis associated with ripening in banana fruit. Plant Physiol. 121: 1257-1266 (1999).

Llusia J, Penuelas J, Asensio D, Munne-Bosch S. Airborne limonene confers limited thermotolerance to Quercus ilex. Physiol. Plant. 123: 40-48 (2005).

Llusia J, Penuelas J, Munne-Bosch S. Sustained accumulation of methyl salicylate alters antioxidant protection and reduces tolerance of holm oak to heat stress. Physiol. Plant. 124: 353-361 (2005).

Locato V, Balestrazzi A, De Gara L, Carbonera D. Reduced expression of top1beta gene induces programmed cell death and alters ascorbate metabolism in Daucus carota cultured cells. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1667-1676 (2006).

Locato V, de Pinto MC, De Gara L. Different involvement of the mitochondrial, plastidial and cytosolic ascorbate-glutathione redox enzymes in heat shock responses. Physiol. Plant. 135: 296-306 (2009).

Locato V, Gadaleta C, DE Gara L, DE Pinto MC. Production of reactive species and modulation of antioxidant network in response to heat shock: a critical balance for cell fate. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 1606-1619 (2008).

Logan BA, Demmig-Adams B, Rosenstiel TN, Adams WW 3rd. Effect of nitrogen limitation on foliar antioxidants in relationship to other metabolic characteristics. Planta 209: 213-220 (1999).

Lopez F, Vansuyt G, Derancourt J, Fourcroy P, Casse-Delbart F. Identification by 2D-page analysis of salt-stress induced proteins in radish (Raphanus sativus). Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-Le-Grand) 40: 85-90 (1994).

Lopez-Berenguer C, Martinez-Ballesta Mdel C, Moreno DA, Carvajal M, García-Viguera C. Growing hardier crops for better health: salinity tolerance and the nutritional value of broccoli. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57: 572-578 (2009).

Lorence A, Chevone BI, Mendes P, Nessler CL. Myo-inositol oxygenase offers a possible entry point into plant ascorbate biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 134: 1200-1205 (2004).

Loscos J, Matamoros MA, Becana M. Ascorbate and homoglutathione metabolism in common bean nodules under stress conditions and during natural senescence. Plant Physiol. 146: 1282-1292 (2008).

Lu S, Chen C, Wang Z, Guo Z, Li H. Physiological responses of somaclonal variants of triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis x Cynodon dactylon) to drought stress. Plant Cell Rep. 28: 517-526 (2009).

Ludikhuyze L, Rodrigo L, Hendrickx M. The activity of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Italica): influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. J. Food Prot. 63: 400-403 (2000).

Lukaszewski KM, Blevins DG. Root growth inhibition in boron-deficient or aluminum-stressed squash may be a result of impaired ascorbate metabolism. Plant Physiol. 112: 1135-1140 (1996).

Lunde C, Baumann U, Shirley NJ, Drew DP, Fincher GB. Gene structure and expression pattern analysis of three monodehydroascorbate reductase (Mdhar) genes in Physcomitrella patens: implications for the evolution of the MDHAR family in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 60: 259-275 (2006).

Lunde C, Zygadlo A, Simonsen HT, Nielsen PL, Blennow A, Haldrup A. Sulfur starvation in rice: the effect on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative stress protective pathways. Physiol. Plant. 134: 508-521 (2008).

Luwe M, Takahama U, Heber U. Role of ascorbate in detoxifying ozone in the apoplast of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. Plant Physiol. 101: 969-976 (1993).

Maddison J, Lyons T, Plochl M, Barnes J. Hydroponically cultivated radish fed L-galactono-1,4-lactone exhibit increased tolerance to ozone. Planta 214: 383-391 (2002).

Manivannan P, Jaleel CA, Somasundaram R, Panneerselvam R. Osmoregulation and antioxidant metabolism in drought-stressed Helianthus annuus under triadimefon drenching. C. R. Biol. 331: 418-425 (2008).

Mano S, Yamaguchi K, Hayashi M, Nishimura M. Stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases are produced by alternative splicing in pumpkin. FEBS Lett. 413: 21-26 (1997).

Marino D, Gonzalez EM, Frendo P, Puppo A, Arrese-Igor C. NADPH recycling systems in oxidative stressed pea nodules: a key role for the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Planta 225: 413-421 (2007).

Marquez LA, Quitoriano M, Zilinskas BA, Dunford HB. Kinetic and spectral properties of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. FEBS Lett. 389: 153-156 (1996).

Martinez Dominguez D, Torronteras Santiago R, Cordoba Garcia F. Modulation of the antioxidative response of Spartina densiflora against iron exposure. Physiol. Plant. 136: 169-179 (2009).

Matamoros MA, Baird LM, Escuredo PR, Dalton DA, Minchin FR, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Rubio MC, Moran JF, Gordon AJ, Becana M. Stress-induced legume root nodule senescence. Physiological, biochemical, and structural alterations. Plant Physiol. 121: 97-112 (1999).

Matamoros MA, Loscos J, Coronado MJ, Ramos J, Sato S, Testillano PS, Tabata S, Becana M. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in legume root nodules. Plant Physiol. 141: 1068-1077 (2006).

Maurino VG, Grube E, Zielinski J, Schild A, Fischer K, Flugge UI. Identification and expression analysis of twelve members of the nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 47: 1381-1393 (2006).

May JM. Is ascorbic acid an antioxidant for the plasma membrane? FASEB J. 13: 995-1006 (1999).

Mehlhorn H, Lelandais M, Korth HG, Foyer CH. Ascorbate is the natural substrate for plant peroxidases. FEBS Lett. 378: 203-206 (1996).

Merquiol E, Pneuli L, Cohen M, Simovitch M, Rachmilevitch S, Goloubinoff P, Kaplan A, Mittler R. Seasonal and diurnal variations in gene expression in the desert legume Retama raetam. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1627-1638 (2002).

Metwally A, Finkemeier I, Georgi M, Dietz KJ. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiol. 132: 272-281 (2003).

Metwally A, Safronova VI, Belimov AA, Dietz KJ. Genotypic variation of the response to cadmium toxicity in Pisum sativum L. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 167-178 (2005).

Mewes H, Richter M. Supplementary ultraviolet-B radiation induces a rapid reversal of the diadinoxanthin cycle in the strong light-exposed diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Plant Physiol. 130: 1527-1535 (2002).

Mhadhbi H, Jebara M, Limam F, Huguet T, Aouani ME. Interaction between Medicago truncatula lines and Sinorhizobium meliloti strains for symbiotic efficiency and nodule antioxidant activities. Physiol. Plant. 124: 4-11 (2005).

Milla MA, Butler E, Huete AR, Wilson CF, Anderson O, Gustafson JP. Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in rye. Plant Physiol. 130: 1706-1716 (2002).

Millar AH, Mittova V, Kiddle G, Heazlewood JL, Bartoli CG, Theodoulou FL, Foyer CH. Control of ascorbate synthesis by respiration and its implications for stress responses. Plant Physiol. 133: 443-447 (2003).

Miller G, Suzuki N, Rizhsky L, Hegie A, Koussevitzky S, Mittler R. Double mutants deficient in cytosolic and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase reveal a complex mode of interaction between reactive oxygen species, plant development, and response to abiotic stresses. Plant Physiol. 144: 1777-1785 (2007).

Mirica LM, Klinman JP. The nature of O2 activation by the ethylene-forming enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 1814-1819 (2008).

Mishra NP, Mishra RK, Singhal GS. Changes in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat leaves to strong visible light at different temperatures in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 102: 903-910 (1993).

Mittler R, Feng X, Cohen M. Post-transcriptional suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase expression during pathogen-induced programmed cell death in tobacco. Plant Cell 10: 461-473 (1998).

Mittler R, Merquiol E, Hallak-Herr E, Rachmilevitch S, Kaplan A, Cohen M. Living under a 'dormant' canopy: a molecular acclimation mechanism of the desert plant Retama raetam. Plant J. 25: 407-416 (2001).

Mittler R, Tel-Or E. Oxidative stress responses in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942. Free Radic. Res. Commun. 13: 845-50 (1991).

Mittler R, Zilinskas BA. Detection of ascorbate peroxidase activity in native gels by inhibition of the ascorbate-dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Anal. Biochem. 212: 540-546 (1993).

Mittler R, Zilinskas BA. Regulation of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Plant J. 5: 397-405 (1994).

Mittler R, Zilinskas BA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene encoding pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 21802-21807 (1992).

Mittler R, Zilinskas BA. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. FEBS Lett. 289: 257-259 (1991).

Mittova V, Guy M, Tal M, Volokita M. Salinity up-regulates the antioxidative system in root mitochondria and peroxisomes of the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1105-1113 (2004).

Mittova V, Tal M, Volokita M, Guy M. Up-regulation of the leaf mitochondrial and peroxisomal antioxidative systems in response to salt-induced oxidative stress in the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 845-856 (2003).

Mittova V, Theodoulou FL, Kiddle G, Volokita M, Tal M, Foyer CH, Guy M. Comparison of mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase in the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, and its wild, salt-tolerant relative, L-pennellii - a role for matrix isoforms in protection against oxidative damage. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 237-250 (2004).

Miyake C, Yokota A. Determination of the rate of photoreduction of O2 in the water-water cycle in watermelon leaves and enhancement of the rate by limitation of photosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 335-343 (2000).

Mizuno M, Kamei M, Tsuchida H. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase cooperate for protection against hydrogen peroxide generated in potato tubers during low-temperature storage. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 44: 717-726 (1998).

Mizuno M, Tada Y, Uchii K, Kawakami S, Mayama S. Catalase and alternative oxidase cooperatively regulate programmed cell death induced by beta-glucan elicitor in potato suspension cultures. Planta 220: 849-853 (2005).

Moco S, Capanoglu E, Tikunov Y, Bino RJ, Boyacioglu D, Hall RD, Vervoort J, De Vos RC. Tissue specialization at the metabolite level is perceived during the development of tomato fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 4131-4146 (2007).

Moeslinger T, Brunner M, Spieckermann PG. Spectrophotometric determination of dehydroascorbic acid in biological samples. Anal. Biochem. 221: 290-296 (1994).

Mohamed EA, Iwaki T, Munir I, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Wadano A. Overexpression of bacterial catalase in tomato leaf chloroplasts enhances photo-oxidative stress tolerance. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 2037-2046 (2003).

Moons A. Ospdr9, which encodes a PDR-type ABC transporter, is induced by heavy metals, hypoxic stress and redox perturbations in rice roots. FEBS Lett. 553: 370-376 (2003).

Mora-Herrera ME, Lopez-Delgado H, Castillo-Morales A, Foyer CH. Salicylic acid and H2O2 function by independent pathways in the induction of freezing tolerance in potato. Physiol. Plant. 125: 430-440 (2005).

Moradi F, Ismail AM. Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 1161-1173 (2007).

Moreau VH, Castilho RF, Ferreira ST, Carvalho-Alves PC. Oxidative damage to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase at submicromolar iron concentrations: evidence for metal-catalyzed oxidation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25: 554-560 (1998).

Morgan MJ, Lehmann M, Schwarzlander M, Baxter CJ, Sienkiewicz-Porzucek A, Williams TC, Schauer N, Fernie AR, Fricker MD, Ratcliffe RG, Sweetlove LJ, Finkemeier I. Decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase leads to reduced root growth and affects tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Plant Physiol. 147: 101-114 (2008).

Morgan PE, Dean RT, Davies MJ. Inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by peptide and protein peroxides generated by singlet oxygen attack. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1916-1925 (2002).

Mori K, Kidawara M, Iseki M, Umegaki C, Kishi T. A simple fluorometric determination of vitamin C. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 46: 1474-1476 (1998).

Muckenschnabel I, Goodman BA, Williamson B, Lyon GD, Deighton N. Infection of leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana by Botrytis cinerea: changes in ascorbic acid, free radicals and lipid peroxidation products. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 207-214 (2002).

Muhlenbock P, Szechynska-Hebda M, Plaszczyca M, Baudo M, Mateo A, Mullineaux PM, Parker JE, Karpinska B, Karpinski S. Chloroplast signaling and LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 regulate crosstalk between light acclimation and immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20: 2339-2356 (2008).

Mullen RT, Lisenbee CS, Miernyk JA, Trelease RN. Peroxisomal membrane ascorbate peroxidase is sorted to a membranous network that resembles a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant Cell 11: 2167-2186 (1999).

Muller-Moule P. An expression analysis of the ascorbate biosynthesis enzyme VTC2. Plant Mol. Biol. 68: 31-41 (2008).

Muller-Moule P, Conklin PL, Niyogi KK. Ascorbate deficiency can limit violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity in vivo. Plant Physiol. 128: 970-977 (2002).

Muller-Moule P, Golan T, Niyogi KK. Ascorbate-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis grow in high light despite chronic photooxidative stress. Plant Physiol. 134: 1163-1172 (2004).

Muller-Moule P, Havaux M, Niyogi KK. Zeaxanthin deficiency enhances the high light sensitivity of an ascorbate-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 133: 748-760 (2003).

Munne-Bosch S. The role of alpha-tocopherol in plant stress tolerance. J. Plant Physiol. 162: 743-748 (2005).

Munne-Bosch S, Alegre L. Interplay between ascorbic acid and lipophilic antioxidant defences in chloroplasts of water-stressed Arabidopsis plants. FEBS Lett. 524: 145-148 (2002).

Munne-Bosch S, Alegre L. Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents. Plant Physiol. 131: 1816-1825 (2003).

Munne-Bosch S, Lalueza P. Age-related changes in oxidative stress markers and abscisic acid levels in a drought-tolerant shrub, Cistus clusii grown under Mediterranean field conditions. Planta 225: 1039-1049 (2007).

Munne-Bosch S, Penuelas J. Photo- and antioxidative protection during summer leaf senescence in Pistacia lentiscus L. grown under Mediterranean field conditions. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 92: 385-391 (2003).

Munne-Bosch S, Penuelas J, Asensio D, Llusia J. Airborne ethylene may alter antioxidant protection and reduce tolerance of holm oak to heat and drought stress. Plant Physiol. 136: 2937-2947 (2004).

Muramoto T, Tsurui N, Terry MJ, Yokota A, Kohchi T. Expression and biochemical properties of a ferredoxin-dependent heme oxygenase required for phytochrome chromophore synthesis. Plant Physiol. 130: 1958-1966 (2002).

Murgia I, Tarantino D, Vannini C, Bracale M, Carravieri S, Soave C. Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase show increased resistance to Paraquat-induced photooxidative stress and to nitric oxide-induced cell death. Plant J. 38: 940-953 (2004).

Murphy MA, Phillipson BA, Baker A, Mullen RT. Characterization of the targeting signal of the Arabidopsis 22-kD integral peroxisomal membrane protein. Plant Physiol. 133: 813-828 (2003).

Murthy SS, Zilinskas BA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding pea monodehydroascorbate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 31129-31133 (1994).

Nakajima J, Tanaka Y, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Reaction mechanism from leucoanthocyanidin to anthocyanidin 3-glucoside, a key reaction for coloring in anthocyanin biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 25797-25803 (2001).

Nakamura K, Stadtman ER. Oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 2011-2015 (1984).

Narendra S, Venkataramani S, Shen G, Wang J, Pasapula V, Lin Y, Kornyeyev D, Holaday AS, Zhang H. The Arabidopsis ascorbate peroxidase 3 is a peroxisomal membrane-bound antioxidant enzyme and is dispensable for Arabidopsis growth and development. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3033-3042 (2006).

Naya L, Ladrera R, Ramos J, Gonzalez EM, Arrese-Igor C, Minchin FR, Becana M. The response of carbon metabolism and antioxidant defenses of alfalfa nodules to drought stress and to the subsequent recovery of plants. Plant Physiol. 144: 1104-1114 (2007).

Neill SO, Gould KS, Kilmartin PA, Mitchell KA, Markham KR. Antioxidant activities of red versus green leaves in Elatostema rugosum. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 539-547 (2002).

Netto LES, Chae HZ, Kang SW, Rhee SG, Stadtman ER. Removal of hydrogen peroxide by thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme (TSA) is involved with its antioxidant properties. TSA possesses thiol peroxidase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 15315-15321 (1996).

Neubauer C. Multiple effects of dithiothreitol on nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching in intact chloroplasts. Influence on violaxanthin de-epoxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Plant Physiol. 103: 575-583 (1993).

Nikiforova VJ, Bielecka M, Gakiere B, Krueger S, Rinder J, Kempa S, Morcuende R, Scheible WR, Hesse H, Hoefgen R. Effect of sulfur availability on the integrity of amino acid biosynthesis in plants. Amino Acids 30: 173-183 (2006).

Nishikawa F, Kato M, Hyodo H, Ikoma Y, Sugiura M, Yano M. Ascorbate metabolism in harvested broccoli. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 2439-2448 (2003).

Nishikawa F, Kato M, Hyodo H, Ikoma Y, Sugiura M, Yano M. Effect of sucrose on ascorbate level and expression of genes involved in the ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling pathway in harvested broccoli florets. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 65-72 (2005).

Nishiyama Y, Hayashi H, Watanabe T, Murata N. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution is stabilized by cytochrome c550 against heat inactivation in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Plant Physiol. 105: 1313-1319 (1994).

Nishizawa A, Yabuta Y, Yoshida E, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor A2 as a key regulator in response to several types of environmental stress. Plant J. 48: 535-547 (2006).

Nissum M, Neri F, Mandelman D, Poulos TL, Smulevich G. Spectroscopic characterization of recombinant pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase: similarities and differences with cytochrome c peroxidase. Biochemistry 37: 8080-8087 (1998).

Noctor G, Foyer CH. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 249-279 (1998).

Noda Y, Kaneyuki T, Igarashi K, Mori A, Packer L. Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 102: 175-187 (1998).

Nunes-Nesi A, Carrari F, Lytovchenko A, Smith AM, Loureiro ME, Ratcliffe RG, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR. Enhanced photosynthetic performance and growth as a consequence of decreasing mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity in transgenic tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 137: 611-622 (2005).

Nunes-Nesi A, Sulpice R, Gibon Y, Fernie AR. The enigmatic contribution of mitochondrial function in photosynthesis. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1675-1684 (2008).

Nusslein B, Kurzmann M, Bauer R, Kreis W. Enzymatic degradation of cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea preparations. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1615-1618 (2000).

O'Kane D, Gill V, Boyd P, Burdon R. Chilling, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Arabidopsis thaliana callus. Planta 198: 371-377 (1996).

O'Looney N, Fry SC. Oxaziclomefone, a new herbicide, inhibits wall expansion in maize cell-cultures without affecting polysaccharide biosynthesis, xyloglucan transglycosylation, peroxidase action or apoplastic ascorbate oxidation. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 96: 1097-1107 (2005).

Okazaki Y, Isobe T, Iwata Y, Matsukawa T, Matsuda F, Miyagawa H, Ishihara A, Nishioka T, Iwamura H. Metabolism of avenanthramide phytoalexins in oats. Plant J. 39: 560-572 (2004).

Okushima Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H. Secreted proteins of tobacco cultured BY2 cells: identification of a new member of pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 479-488 (2000).

Olmos E, Kiddle G, Pellny T, Kumar S, Foyer CH. Modulation of plant morphology, root architecture, and cell structure by low vitamin C in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1645-1655 (2006).

Ort DR, Baker NR. A photoprotective role for O2 as an alternative electron sink in photosynthesis? Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5: 193-198 (2002).

Orvar BL, Ellis BE. Isolation of a cDNA encoding cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 108: 839-840 (1995).

Orvar BL, McPherson J, Ellis BE. Pre-activating wounding response in tobacco prior to high-level ozone exposure prevents necrotic injury. Plant J. 11: 203-212 (1997).

Ostin A, Ilic N, Cohen JD. An in vitro system from maize seedlings for tryptophan-independent indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 119: 173-178 (1999).

Palatnik JF, Valle EM, Federico ML, Gomez LD, Melchiorre MN, Paleo AD, Carrillo N, Acevedo A. Status of antioxidant metabolites and enzymes in a catalase-deficient mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Sci. 162: 363-371 (2002).

Pallanca JE, Smirnoff N. Ascorbic acid metabolism in pea seedlings. A comparison of D-glucosone, L-sorbosone, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone as ascorbate precursors. Plant Physiol. 120: 453-462 (1999).

Palma JM, Jimenez A, Sandalio LM, Corpas FJ, Lundqvist M, Gomez M, Sevilla F, del Río LA. Antioxidative enzymes from chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes during leaf senescence of nodulated pea plants. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1747-1758 (2006).

Panchuk II, Volkov RA, Schoffl F. Heat stress- and heat shock transcription factor-dependent expression and activity of ascorbate peroxidase in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 129: 838-853 (2002).

Panchuk II, Zentgraf U, Volkov RA. Expression of the Apx gene family during leaf senescence of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 222: 926-932 (2005).

Pang CH, Zhang SJ, Gong ZZ, Wang BS. NaCl treatment markedly enhances H2O2-scavenging system in leaves of halophyte Suaeda salsa. Physiol. Plant. 125: 490-499 (2005).

Papadakis AK, Siminis CI, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA. Reduced activity of antioxidant machinery is correlated with suppression of totipotency in plant protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 126: 434-444 (2001).

Paradiso A, Berardino R, de Pinto MC, Sanita di Toppi L, Storelli MM, Tommasi F, De Gara L. Increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism as local and precocious systemic responses induced by cadmium in durum wheat plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 362-374 (2008).

Pasqualini S, Batini P, Ederli L, Porceddu A, Piccioni C, De Marchis F, Antonielli M. Effects of short-term ozone fumigation on tobacco plants: response of the scavenging system and expression of the glutathione reductase. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 245-252 (2001).

Pastori GM, Kiddle G, Antoniw J, Bernard S, Veljovic-Jovanovic S, Verrier PJ, Noctor G, Foyer CH. Leaf vitamin C contents modulate plant defense transcripts and regulate genes that control development through hormone signaling. Plant Cell 15: 939-951 (2003).

Pateraki I, Sanmartin M, Kalamaki MS, Gerasopoulos D, Kanellis AK. Molecular characterization and expression studies during melon fruit development and ripening of L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1623-1633 (2004).

Patterson WR, Poulos TL. Characterization and crystallization of recombinant pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17020-17024 (1994).

Patterson WR, Poulos TL. Crystal structure of recombinant pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. Biochemistry 34: 4331-4341 (1995).

Patterson WR, Poulos TL, Goodin DB. Identification of a porphyrin pi cation radical in ascorbate peroxidase compound I. Biochemistry 34: 4342-4345 (1995).

Pavet V, Olmos E, Kiddle G, Mowla S, Kumar S, Antoniw J, Alvarez ME, Foyer CH. Ascorbic acid deficiency activates cell death and disease resistance responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 139: 1291-1303 (2005).

Payton P, Webb R, Kornyeyev D, Allen R, Holaday AS. Protecting cotton photosynthesis during moderate chilling at high light intensity by increasing chloroplastic antioxidant enzyme activity. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2345-2354 (2001).

Pearse IS, Heath KD, Cheeseman JM. Biochemical and ecological characterization of two peroxidase isoenzymes from the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 612-622 (2005).

Pekker I, Tel-Or E, Mittler R. Reactive oxygen intermediates and glutathione regulate the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase during iron-mediated oxidative stress in bean. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 429-438 (2002).

Peltier JB, Emanuelsson O, Kalume DE, Ytterberg J, Friso G, Rudella A, Liberles DA, Soderberg L, Roepstorff P, von Heijne G, van Wijk KJ. Central functions of the lumenal and peripheral thylakoid proteome of Arabidopsis determined by experimentation and genome-wide prediction. Plant Cell 14: 211-236 (2002).

Penuelas J, Llusia J, Asensio D, Munne-Bosch S. Linking isoprene with plant thermotolerance, antioxidants and monoterpene emissions. Plant Cell Environ. 28: 278-286 (2005).

Perez-Lopez U, Robredo A, Lacuesta M, Sgherri C, Munoz-Rueda A, Navari-Izzo F, Mena-Petite A. The oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated CO2. Physiol. Plant. 135: 29-42 (2009).

Petrenko IuM, Vladimirov IuA. A new property of aspirin and other salicylates. Their capacity for radical generation at the expense of chelating-oxidizing action on iron cations. Eksp. Klin. Farmakol. 61: 44-50 (1998).

Pignocchi C, Fletcher JM, Wilkinson JE, Barnes JD, Foyer CH. The function of ascorbate oxidase in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 132: 1631-1641 (2003).

Pignocchi C, Foyer CH. Apoplastic ascorbate metabolism and its role in the regulation of cell signalling. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 6: 379-389 (2003).

Pignocchi C, Kiddle G, Hernandez I, Foster SJ, Asensi A, Taybi T, Barnes J, Foyer CH. Ascorbate oxidase-dependent changes in the redox state of the apoplast modulate gene transcript accumulation leading to modified hormone signaling and orchestration of defense processes in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 141: 423-435 (2006).

Pnueli L, Liang H, Rozenberg M, Mittler R. Growth suppression, altered stomatal responses, and augmented induction of heat shock proteins in cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (Apx1)-deficient Arabidopsis plants. Plant J. 34: 187-203 (2003).

Polle A. Dissecting the superoxide dismutase-ascorbate-glutathione-pathway in chloroplasts by metabolic modeling. Computer simulations as a step towards flux analysis. Plant Physiol. 126: 445-462 (2001).

Potters G, Horemans N, Bellone S, Caubergs RJ, Trost P, Guisez Y, Asard H. Dehydroascorbate influences the plant cell cycle through a glutathione-independent reduction mechanism. Plant Physiol. 134: 1479-1487 (2004).

Potters G, Horemans N, Caubergs RJ, Asard H. Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate influence cell cycle progression in a tobacco cell suspension. Plant Physiol. 124: 17-20 (2000).

Poulos TL, Patterson WR, Sundaramoorthy M. The crystal structure of ascorbate and manganese peroxidases: the role of non-haem metal in the catalytic mechanism. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23: 228-232 (1995).

Preger V, Scagliarini S, Pupillo P, Trost P. Identification of an ascorbate-dependent cytochrome b of the tonoplast membrane sharing biochemical features with members of the cytochrome b561 family. Planta 220: 365-375 (2005).

Preger V, Tango N, Marchand C, Lemaire SD, Carbonera D, Di Valentin M, Costa A, Pupillo P, Trost P. Auxin-responsive genes AIR12 code for a new family of plasma membrane b-type cytochromes specific to flowering plants. Plant Physiol. 150: 606-620 (2009).

Prochazkova D, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Singh DV. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Sci. 161: 765-771 (2001).

Radzio JA, Lorence A, Chevone BI, Nessler CL. L-Gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase expression rescues vitamin C-deficient Arabidopsis (vtc) mutants. Plant Mol. Biol. 53: 837-844 (2003).

Rainwater DT, Gossett DR, Millhollon EP, Hanna HY, Banks SW, Lucas MC. The relationship between yield and the antioxidant defense system in tomatoes grown under heat stress. Free Radic. Res. 25: 421-435 (1996).

Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP. Ultraviolet-B- and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 110: 125-136 (1996).

Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP, Murr DP, Watkins CB. Influence of salicylic acid on H2O2 production, oxidative stress, and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes. Salicylic acid-mediated oxidative damage requires H2O2. Plant Physiol. 115: 137-149 (1997).

Rapala-Kozik M, Kowalska E, Ostrowska K. Modulation of thiamine metabolism in Zea mays seedlings under conditions of abiotic stress. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 4133-4143 (2008).

Ratkevicius N, Correa JA, Moenne A. Copper accumulation, synthesis of ascorbate and activation of ascorbate peroxidase in Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev. (Chlorophyta) from heavy metal-enriched environments in northern Chile. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 1599-1608 (2003).

Ratnayaka HH, Molin WT, Sterling TM. Physiological and antioxidant responses of cotton and spurred anoda under interference and mild drought. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 2293-2305 (2003).

Redondo FJ, de la Pena TC, Morcillo CN, Lucas MM, Pueyo JJ. Overexpression of flavodoxin in bacteroids induces changes in antioxidant metabolism leading to delayed senescence and starch accumulation in alfalfa root nodules. Plant Physiol. 149: 1166-1178 (2009).

Regelsberger G, Obinger C, Zoder R, Altmann F, Peschek GA. Purification and characterization of a hydroperoxidase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803: identification of its gene by peptide mass mapping using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 170: 1-12 (1999).

Reinhold T, Alawady A, Grimm B, Beran KC, Jahns P, Conrath U, Bauer J, Reiser J, Melzer M, Jeblick W, Neuhaus HE. Limitation of nocturnal import of ATP into Arabidopsis chloroplasts leads to photooxidative damage. Plant J. 50: 293-304 (2007).

Ribeiro AS, Souza MO, Scofano HM, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Mignaco JA. Inhibition of spinach chloroplast F0F1 by an Fe2+/ascorbate/H2O2 system. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 45: 750-756 (2007).

Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Bolwell PG, Bramley PM, Pridham JB. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radic. Res. 22: 375-383 (1995).

Rivett AJ, Levine RL. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: correlation of structural and functional changes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 278: 26-34 (1990).

Rizhsky L, Davletova S, Liang H, Mittler R. The zinc finger protein Zat12 is required for cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 expression during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 11736-11743 (2004).

Rizhsky L, Hallak-Herr E, Van Breusegem F, Rachmilevitch S, Barr JE, Rodermel S, Inze D, Mittler R. Double antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase and catalase are less sensitive to oxidative stress than single antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase or catalase. Plant J. 32: 329-342 (2002).

Rizhsky L, Liang H, Mittler R. The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 130: 1143-1151 (2002).

Rockholm DC, Yamamoto HY. Violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Plant Physiol. 110: 697-703 (1996).

Rocklin AM, Tierney DL, Kofman V, Brunhuber NM, Hoffman BM, Christoffersen RE, Reich NO, Lipscomb JD, Que L Jr. Role of the nonheme Fe(II) center in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96: 7905-7909 (1999).

Rodriguez-Serrano M, Romero-Puertas MC, Zabalza A, Corpas FJ, Gomez M, Del Rio LA, Sandalio LM. Cadmium effect on oxidative metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots. Imaging of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide accumulation in vivo. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1532-1544 (2006).

Romero-Puertas MC, McCarthy I, Gomez M, Sandalio LM, Corpas FJ, Del Rio LA, Palma JM. Reactive oxygen species-mediated enzymatic systems involved in the oxidative action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1135-1148 (2004).

Rossel JB, Walter PB, Hendrickson L, Chow WS, Poole A, Mullineaux PM, Pogson BJ. A mutation affecting ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 2 gene expression reveals a link between responses to high light and drought tolerance. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 269-281 (2006).

Rozen A, Mittler R, Burstein Y, Tel-Or E. A unique ascorbate peroxidase active component in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942 (R2). Free Radic. Res. Commun. 17: 1-8 (1992).

Rua J, Soler J, Busto F, de Arriaga D. Specific and reversible inactivation of Phycomyces blakesleeanus isocitrate lyase by ascorbate-iron: Role of two redox-active cysteines. Fungal Genet. Biol. 35: 223-234 (2002).

Running JA, Burlingame RP, Berry A. The pathway of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in the colourless microalga Prototheca moriformis. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1841-1849 (2003).

Sairam RK, Chandrasekhar V, Srivastava GC. Comparison of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat cultivars in their responses to water stress. Biol. Plant. 44: 89-94 (2001).

Sairam RK, Singh DV, Srivastava GC. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes in sunflower leaves of different ages. Biol. Plant. 47: 61-66 (2003).

Sairam RK, Srivastava GC. Changes in antioxidant activity in sub-cellular fractions of tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes in response to long term salt stress. Plant Sci. 162: 897-904 (2002).

Sairam RK, Srivastava GC. Water stress tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Variations in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in tolerant and susceptible genotypes. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 186: 63-70 (2001).

Sairam RK, Srivastava GC. Induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity by hydrogen peroxide treatment in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Biol. Plant. 43: 381-386 (2000).

Saito K, Kobayashi M, Gong Z, Tanaka Y, Yamazaki M. Direct evidence for anthocyanidin synthase as a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase: molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA from a red forma of Perilla frutescens. Plant J. 17: 181-189 (1999).

Samuilov VD, Fedorenko TA. Lag phase of CO2-dependent O2 evolution by illuminated Anabaena variabilis cells. Biochemistry (Mosc.) 64: 610-619 (1999).

Sanchez-Diaz M, Tapia C, Antolin MC. Drought-induced oxidative stress in Canarian laurel forest tree species growing under controlled conditions. Tree Physiol. 27: 1415-1422 (2007).

Sang J, Jiang M, Lin F, Xu S, Zhang A, Tan M. Nitric oxide reduces hydrogen peroxide accumulation involved in water stress-induced subcellular anti-oxidant defense in maize plants. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 50: 231-243 (2008).

Sankar B, Jaleel CA, Manivannan P, Kishorekumar A, Somasundaram R, Panneerselvam R. Effect of paclobutrazol on water stress amelioration through antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes in Arachis hypogaea L. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 60: 229-235 (2007).

Sanmartin M, Drogoudi PA, Lyons T, Pateraki I, Barnes J, Kanellis AA. Over-expression of ascorbate oxidase in the apoplast of transgenic tobacco results in altered ascorbate and glutathione redox states and increased sensitivity to ozone. Planta 216: 918-928 (2003).

Sanmartin M, Pateraki I, Chatzopoulou F, Kanellis AK. Differential expression of the ascorbate oxidase multigene family during fruit development and in response to stress. Planta 225: 873-885 (2007).

Santos M, Gousseau H, Lister C, Foyer C, Creissen G, Mullineaux P. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana L. is encoded by a small multigene family. Planta 198: 64-69 (1996).

Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Taki N, Obayashi T, Aono M, Matsumoto F, Sakurai N, Suzuki H, Hirai MY, Noji M, Saito K, Masuda T, Takamiya K, Shibata D, Ohta H. Coordinated activation of metabolic pathways for antioxidants and defence compounds by jasmonates and their roles in stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 44: 653-668 (2005).

Sauser KR, Liu JK, Wong TY. Identification of a copper-sensitive ascorbate peroxidase in the unicellular green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Biometals 10: 163-168 (1997).

Savoure A, Thorin D, Davey M, Hua X-J, Mauro S, Van Montagu M, Inze D, Verbruggen N. NaCl and CuSO4 treatments trigger distinct oxidative defence mechanisms in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 387-396 (1999).

Schantz ML, Schreiber H, Guillemaut P, Schantz R. Changes in ascorbate peroxidase activities during fruit ripening in Capsicum annum. FEBS Lett. 358: 149-152 (1995).

Schlaeppi K, Bodenhausen N, Buchala A, Mauch F, Reymond P. The glutathione-deficient mutant pad2-1 accumulates lower amounts of glucosinolates and is more susceptible to the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. Plant J. 55: 774-786 (2008).

Schramm F, Ganguli A, Kiehlmann E, Englich G, Walch D, von Koskull-Doring P. The heat stress transcription factor HsfA2 serves as a regulatory amplifier of a subset of genes in the heat stress response in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 60: 759-772 (2006).

Schutzendubel A, Schwanz P, Teichmann T, Gross K, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Godbold DL, Polle A. Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in Scots pine roots. Plant Physiol. 127: 887-898 (2001).

Selote DS, Khanna-Chopra R. Drought-induced spikelet sterility is associated with an inefficient antioxidant defence in rice panicles. Physiol. Plant. 121: 462-471 (2004).

Senthil-Kumar M, Udayakumar M. High-throughput virus-induced gene-silencing approach to assess the functional relevance of a moisture stress-induced cDNA homologous to lea4. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2291-2302 (2006).

Sgherri C, Stevanovic B, Navari-Izzo F. Role of phenolics in the antioxidative status of the resurrection plant Ramonda serbica during dehydration and rehydration. Physiol. Plant. 122: 478-485 (2004).

Shalata A, Neumann PM. Exogenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C) increases resistance to salt stress and reduces lipid peroxidation. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2207-2211 (2001).

Shao HB, Chu LY, Lu ZH, Kang CM. Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 4: 8-14 (2007).

Shao HB, Chu LY, Shao MA, Jaleel CA, Hong-Mei M. Higher plant antioxidants and redox signaling under environmental stresses. C. R. Biol. 331: 433-441 (2008).

Shapiro AD. Nitric oxide signaling in plants. Vitam. Horm. 72: 339-398 (2005).

Sharma P, Dubey RS. Involvement of oxidative stress and role of antioxidative defense system in growing rice seedlings exposed to toxic concentrations of aluminum. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 2027-2038 (2007).

Shen CH, Krishnamurthy R, Yeh KW. Decreased L-ascorbate content mediating bolting is mainly regulated by the galacturonate pathway in Oncidium. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 935-946 (2009).

Shi F, Yamamoto R, Shimamura S, Hiraga S, Nakayama N, Nakamura T, Yukawa K, Hachinohe M, Matsumoto H, Komatsu S. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 (cAPX 2) is involved in the soybean response to flooding. Phytochemistry 69: 1295-1303 (2008).

Shigeoka S, Ishikawa T, Tamoi M, Miyagawa Y, Takeda T, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K. Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1305-1319 (2002).

Shikanai T, Takeda T, Yamauchi H, Sano S, Tomizawa KI, Yokota A, Shigeoka S. Inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase under oxidative stress in tobacco having bacterial catalase in chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 428: 47-51 (1998).

Shikita M, Fahey JW, Golden TR, Holtzclaw WD, Talalay P. An unusual case of 'uncompetitive activation' by ascorbic acid: purification and kinetic properties of a myrosinase from Raphanus sativus seedlings. Biochem. J. 341: 725-732 (1999).

Shimaoka T, Miyake C, Yokota A. Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductase from spinach chloroplasts. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 921-928 (2003).

Shiu CT, Lee TM. Ultraviolet-B-induced oxidative stress and responses of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in a marine macroalga Ulva fasciata. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2851-2865 (2005).

Shvaleva AL, Costa E Silva F, Breia E, Jouve J, Hausman JF, Almeida MH, Maroco JP, Rodrigues ML, Pereira JS, Chaves MM. Metabolic responses to water deficit in two Eucalyptus globulus clones with contrasting drought sensitivity. Tree Physiol. 26: 239-248 (2005).

Siendones E, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Santos-Ocana C, Navas P, Cordoba F. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in kidney bean. L-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase is an intrinsic protein located at the mitochondrial inner membrane. Plant Physiol. 120: 907-912 (1999).

Singh HP, Batish DR, Kaur S, Arora K, Kohli RK. {alpha}-Pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 98: 1261-1269 (2006).

Singh S, Sinha S. Accumulation of metals and its effects in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (cv. Rohini) grown on various amendments of tannery waste. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 62: 118-127 (2005).

Sinha S, Gupta AK. Translocation of metals from fly ash amended soil in the plant of Sesbania cannabina L. Ritz: effect on antioxidants. Chemosphere 61: 1204-1214 (2005).

Smirnoff N. Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi-facetted molecule. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3: 229-235 (2000).

Smirnoff N. Ascorbate biosynthesis and function in photoprotection. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 355: 1455-1464 (2000).

Smirnoff N, Conklin PL, Loewus FA. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants: a renaissance. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 437-467 (2001).

Smith AG, Croft MT, Moulin M, Webb ME. Plants need their vitamins too. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10: 266-275 (2007).

Sofo A, Tuzio AC, Dichio B, Xiloyannis C. Influence of water deficit and rewatering on the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in four interspecific Prunus hybrids. Plant Sci. 169: 403-412 (2005).

Sok DE. Ascorbate-induced oxidative inactivation of Zn2+-glycerophosphocholine cholinephosphodiesterase. J. Neurochem. 70: 1167-1174 (1998).

Song XS, Wang YJ, Mao WH, Shi K, Zhou YH, Nogues S, Yu JQ. Effects of cucumber mosaic virus infection on electron transport and antioxidant system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of cucumber and tomato leaves. Physiol. Plant. 135: 246-257 (2009).

Srivastava M, Ma LQ, Singh N, Singh S. Antioxidant responses of hyper-accumulator and sensitive fern species to arsenic. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1335-1342 (2005).

Stepien P, Klobus G. Antioxidant defense in the leaves of C3 and C4 plants under salinity stress. Physiol. Plant. 125: 31-40 (2005).

Stevens R, Buret M, Duffe P, Garchery C, Baldet P, Rothan C, Causse M. Candidate genes and quantitative trait loci affecting fruit ascorbic acid content in three tomato populations. Plant Physiol. 143: 1943-1953 (2007).

Stevens R, Page D, Gouble B, Garchery C, Zamir D, Causse M. Tomato fruit ascorbic acid content is linked with monodehydroascorbate reductase activity and tolerance to chilling stress. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 1086-1096 (2008).

Storozhenko S, De Pauw P, Van Montagu M, Inze D, Kushnir S. The heat-shock element is a functional component of the Arabidopsis APX1 gene promoter. Plant Physiol. 118: 1005-1014 (1998).

Stosolla C, Loukanina N, Ashihara H, Yeung EC, Thorpe TA. Ascorbic acid changes the pattern of purine metabolism during germination of white spruce somatic embryos. Tree Physiol. 21: 359-367 (2001).

Streb P, Aubert S, Gout E, Bligny R. Reversibility of cold- and light-stress tolerance and accompanying changes of metabolite and antioxidant levels in the two high mountain plant species Soldanella alpina and Ranunculus glacialis. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 405-418 (2003).

Strother S. The role of free radicals in leaf senescence. Gerontology 34: 151-156 (1988).

Sun K, Cui Y, Hauser BA. Environmental stress alters genes expression and induces ovule abortion: reactive oxygen species appear as ovules commit to abort. Planta 222: 632-642 (2005).

Suzuki T, Honda Y, Mukasa Y, Kim SJ. Characterization of peroxidase in buckwheat seed. Phytochemistry 67: 219-224 (2006).

Swaraj K, Sheokand S, Fernandez-Pascual MM, de Felipe MR. Dark-induced changes in legume nodule functioning. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 429-438 (2001).

Szederkenyi J, Komor E, Schobert C. Cloning of the cDNA for glutaredoxin, an abundant sieve-tube exudate protein from Ricinus communis L. and characterisation of the glutathione-dependent thiol-reduction system in sieve tubes. Planta 202: 349-356 (1997).

Tabata K, Oba K, Suzuki K, Esaka M. Generation and properties of ascorbic acid-deficient transgenic tobacco cells expressing antisense RNA for L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase. Plant J. 27: 139-148 (2001).

Takahama U. Ascorbic acid-dependent regulation of redox levels of chlorogenic acid and its isomers in the apoplast of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 681-689 (1998).

Takahama U, Hirotsu M, Oniki T. Age-dependent changes in levels of ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid, and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the apoplast of tobacco leaves: Mechanism of the oxidation of chlorogenic acid in the apoplast. Plant Cell Physiol. 40: 716-724 (1999).

Takahama U, Oniki T. A peroxidase/phenolics/ascorbate system can scavenge hydrogen peroxide in plant cells. Physiol. Plant. 101: 845-852 (1997).

Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Purification and characterization of ascorbate peroxidase in Chlorella vulgaris. Biochimie 80: 295-301 (1998).

Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Kodama O. Phytoalexin production elicited by exogenously applied jasmonic acid in rice leaves (Oryza sativa L.) is under the control of cytokinins and ascorbic acid. FEBS Lett. 412: 61-64 (1997).

Tang W, Charles TM, Newton RJ. Overexpression of the pepper transcription factor CaPF1 in transgenic Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) confers multiple stress tolerance and enhances organ growth. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 603-617 (2005).

Tang W, Newton RJ. Polyamines reduce salt-induced oxidative damage by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing lipid peroxidation in Virginia pine. Plant Growth Regul. 46: 31-43 (2005).

Tang W, Newton RJ, Outhavong V. Exogenously added polyamines recover browning tissues into normal callus cultures and improve plant regeneration in pine. Physiol. Plant. 122: 386-395 (2004).

Tang X, Wang H, Brandt AS, Woodson WR. Organization and structure of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene family from Petunia hybrida. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 1151-1164 (1993).

Tao DL, Oquist G, Wingsle G. Active oxygen scavengers during cold acclimation of scots pine seedlings in relation to freezing tolerance. Cryobiology 37: 38-45 (1998).

Tarantino D, Vannini C, Bracale M, Campa M, Soave C, Murgia I. Antisense reduction of thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase in Arabidopsis enhances paraquat-induced photooxidative stress and nitric oxide-induced cell death. Planta 221: 757-765 (2005).

Tausz M, Wonisch A, Grill D, Morales D, Jimenez MS. Measuring antioxidants in tree species in the natural environment: from sampling to data evaluation. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1505-1510 (2003).

Taylor AB, Stoj CS, Ziegler L, Kosman DJ, Hart PJ. The copper-iron connection in biology: structure of the metallo-oxidase Fet3p. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 15459-15464 (2005).

Teixeira FK, Menezes-Benavente L, Galvao VC, Margis R, Margis-Pinheiro M. Rice ascorbate peroxidase gene family encodes functionally diverse isoforms localized in different subcellular compartments. Planta 224: 300-314 (2006).

Teklemariam TA, Sparks JP. Gaseous fluxes of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) into plant leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1149-1158 (2004).

Tel-Or E, Huflejt M, Packer L. The role of glutathione and ascorbate in hydroperoxide removal in cyanobacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132: 533-539 (1985).

Tel-Or E, Huflejt ME, Packer L. Hydroperoxide metabolism in cyanobacteria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 246: 396-402 (1986).

Tessem MB, Bathen TF, Cejkova J, Midelfart A. Effect of UV-A and UV-B irradiation on the metabolic profile of aqueous humor in rabbits analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46: 776-781 (2005).

Tewari RK, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Function of nitric oxide and superoxide anion in the adventitious root development and antioxidant defence in Panax ginseng. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 563-573 (2008).

Tewari RK, Kumar P, Kim S, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Nitric oxide retards xanthine oxidase-mediated superoxide anion generation in Phalaenopsis flower: an implication of NO in the senescence and oxidative stress regulation. Plant Cell Rep. 28: 267-279 (2009).

Tewari RK, Kumar P, Neetu, Sharma PN. Signs of oxidative stress in the chlorotic leaves of iron starved plants. Plant Sci. 169: 1037-1045 (2005).

Tewari RK, Kumar P, Sharma PN. Antioxidant responses to enhanced generation of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in the copper-stressed mulberry plants. Planta 223: 1145-1153 (2006).

Thiel J, Weier D, Sreenivasulu N, Strickert M, Weichert N, Melzer M, Czauderna T, Wobus U, Weber H, Weschke W. Different hormonal regulation of cellular differentiation and function in nucellar projection and endosperm transfer cells - a microdissection-based transcriptome study of young barley grains. Plant Physiol. 148: 1436-1452 (2008).

Tichy M, Vermaas W. In vivo role of catalase-peroxidase in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1875-1882 (1999).

Tjus SE, Moller BL, Scheller HV. Photosystem I is an early target of photoinhibition in barley illuminated at chilling temperatures. Plant Physiol. 116: 755-764 (1998).

Tokunaga T, Miyahara K, Tabata K, Esaka M. Generation and properties of ascorbic acid-overproducing transgenic tobacco cells expressing sense RNA for l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase. Planta 220: 854-863 (2005).

Tommasi F, Paciolla C, de Pinto MC, De Gara L. A comparative study of glutathione and ascorbate metabolism during germination of Pinus pinea L. seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 1647-1654 (2001).

Toohey JI. Homocysteine toxicity in connective tissue: theories, old and new. Connect. Tissue Res. 49: 57-61 (2008).

Torabinejad J, Donahue JL, Gunesekera BN, Allen-Daniels MJ, Gillaspy GE. VTC4 is a bifunctional enzyme that affects myoinositol and ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plant Physiol. 150: 951-961 (2009).

Torres CA, Andrews PK, Davies NM. Physiological and biochemical responses of fruit exocarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutants to natural photo-oxidative conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1933-1947 (2006).

Toth SZ, Puthur JT, Nagy V, Garab G. Experimental evidence for ascorbate-dependent electron transport in leaves with inactive oxygen-evolving complexes. Plant Physiol. 149: 1568-1578 (2009).

Tripathi AK, Gautam M. Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution. J. Environ. Biol. 28: 127-132 (2007).

Tripathi BN, Gaur JP. Relationship between copper- and zinc-induced oxidative stress and proline accumulation in Scenedesmus sp. Planta 219: 397-404 (2004).

Tsai YC, Hong CY, Liu LF, Kao CH. Relative importance of Na+ and Cl- in NaCl-induced antioxidant systems in roots of rice seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 122: 86-94 (2004).

Tsugane K, Kobayashi K, Niwa Y, Ohba Y, Wada K, Kobayashi H. A recessive Arabidopsis mutant that grows photoautotrophically under salt stress shows enhanced active oxygen detoxification. Plant Cell 11: 1195-1206 (1999).

Tyagi R, Kumar A, Tyagi MB, Jha PN, Kumar HD, Sinha RP, Hader DP. Protective role of certain chemicals against UV-B-induced damage in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum. J. Basic Microbiol. 43: 137-147 (2003).

Ueno M, Shibata H, Kihara J, Honda Y, Arase S. Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea. Plant J. 36: 215-228 (2003).

Umemura Y, Ishiduka T, Yamamoto R, Esaka M. The Dof domain, a zinc finger DNA-binding domain conserved only in higher plants, truly functions as a Cys2/Cys2 Zn finger domain. Plant J. 37: 741-749 (2004).

Uraguchi S, Watanabe I, Yoshitomi A, Kiyono M, Kuno K. Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in novel Cd-accumulating crops, Avena strigosa and Crotalaria juncea. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2955-2965 (2006).

Vacca RA, de Pinto MC, Valenti D, Passarella S, Marra E, De Gara L. Production of reactive oxygen species, alteration of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, and impairment of mitochondrial metabolism are early events in heat shock-induced programmed cell death in tobacco bright-yellow 2 cells. Plant Physiol. 134: 1100-1112 (2004).

Valderrama R, Corpas FJ, Carreras A, Gomez-Rodriguez MV, Chaki M, Pedrajas JR, Fernandez-Ocana A, Del Rio LA, Barroso JB. The dehydrogenase-mediated recycling of NADPH is a key antioxidant system against salt-induced oxidative stress in olive plants. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1449-1459 (2006).

Valero E, Gonzalez-Sanchez MI, Macia H, Garcia-Carmona F. Computer simulation of the dynamic behavior of the glutathione-ascorbate redox cycle in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 149: 1958-1969 (2009).

Valpuesta V, Botella MA. Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant. Trends Plant Sci. 9: 573-577 (2004).

Van Breusegem F, Villarroel R, Van Montagu M, Inze D. Ascorbate peroxidase cDNA from maize. Plant Physiol. 107: 649-650 (1995).

Van Camp W, Capiau K, Van Montagu M, Inze D, Slooten L. Enhancement of oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overproducing Fe-superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 112: 1703-1714 (1996).

Vanacker H, Carver TL, Foyer CH. Pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the apoplast in barley leaves. Plant Physiol. 117: 1103-1114 (1998).

Vanacker H, Sandalio L, Jimenez A, Palma JM, Corpas FJ, Meseguer V, Gomez M, Sevilla F, Leterrier M, Foyer CH, del Río LA. Roles for redox regulation in leaf senescence of pea plants grown on different sources of nitrogen nutrition. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1735-1745 (2006).

VanderJagt DJ, Garry PJ, Hunt WC. Ascorbate in plasma as measured by liquid chromatography and by dichlorophenolindophenol colorimetry. Clin. Chem. 32: 1004-1006 (1986).

Vansuyt G, Lopez F, Inze D, Briat JF, Fourcroy P. Iron triggers a rapid induction of ascorbate peroxidase gene expression in Brassica napus. FEBS Lett. 410: 195-200 (1997).

Veljovic-Jovanovic S, Kukavica B, Stevanovic B, Navari-Izzo F. Senescence- and drought-related changes in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase isoforms in leaves of Ramonda serbica. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1759-1768 (2006).

Veljovic-Jovanovic SD, Pignocchi C, Noctor G, Foyer CH. Low ascorbic acid in the vtc-1 mutant of Arabidopsis is associated with decreased growth and intracellular redistribution of the antioxidant system. Plant Physiol. 127: 426-435 (2001).

Verelst W, Kapila J, De Almeida Engler J, Stone JM, Caubergs R, Asard H. Tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation of cytochrome b561 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Raphanus sativus. Physiol. Plant. 120: 312-318 (2004).

Verhoeven AS, Swanberg A, Thao M, Whiteman J. Seasonal changes in leaf antioxidant systems and xanthophyll cycle characteristics in Taxus x media growing in sun and shade environments. Physiol. Plant. 123: 428-434 (2005).

Verma K, Shekhawat GS, Sharma A, Mehta SK, Sharma V. Cadmium induced oxidative stress and changes in soluble and ionically bound cell wall peroxidase activities in roots of seedling and 3-4 leaf stage plants of Brassica juncea (L.) czern. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 1261-1269 (2008).

Vidal G, Ribas-Carbo M, Garmier M, Dubertret G, Rasmusson AG, Mathieu C, Foyer CH, De Paepe R. Lack of respiratory chain complex I impairs alternative oxidase engagement and modulates redox signaling during elicitor-induced cell death in tobacco. Plant Cell 19: 640-655 (2007).

Volkov RA, Panchuk II, Mullineaux PM, Schoffl F. Heat stress-induced H2O2 is required for effective expression of heat shock genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 61: 733-746 (2006).

Wada N, Kinoshita S, Matsuo M, Amako K, Miyake C, Asada K. Purification and molecular properties of ascorbate peroxidase from bovine eye. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 242: 256-261 (1998).

Waller F, Achatz B, Baltruschat H, Fodor J, Becker K, Fischer M, Heier T, Huckelhoven R, Neumann C, von Wettstein D, Franken P, Kogel KH. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102: 13386-13391 (2005).

Walz C, Juenger M, Schad M, Kehr J. Evidence for the presence and activity of a complete antioxidant defence system in mature sieve tubes. Plant J. 31: 189-197 (2002).

Washburn MP, Wells WW. Identification of the dehydroascorbic acid reductase and thioltransferase (Glutaredoxin) activities of bovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257: 567-571 (1999).

Washburn MP, Wells WW. The catalytic mechanism of the glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase activity of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin). Biochemistry 38: 268-274 (1999).

Watabe S, Hiroi T, Yamamoto Y, Fujioka Y, Hasegawa H, Yago N, Takahashi SY. SP-22 is a thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase in mitochondria. Eur. J. Biochem. 249: 52-60 (1997).

Webb RP, Allen RD. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA for spinach cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. Plant Physiol. 108: 1325 (1995).

Weinstein JD, Howell RW, Leverette RD, Grooms SY, Brignola PS, Mayer SM, Beale SI. Heme inhibition of [delta]-aminolevulinic acid synthesis is enhanced by glutathione in cell-free extracts of Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 101: 657-665 (1993).

Welch RM, Graham RD. Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 353-364 (2004).

Weng XY, Zheng CJ, Xu HX, Sun JY. Characteristics of photosynthesis and functions of the water-water cycle in rice (Oryza sativa) leaves in response to potassium deficiency. Physiol. Plant. 131: 614-621 (2007).

Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N. The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants. Nature 393: 365-369 (1998).

Willekens H, Chamnongpol S, Davey M, Schraudner M, Langebartels C, Van Montagu M, Inze D, Van Camp W. Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defence in C3 plants. EMBO J. 16: 4806-4816 (1997).

Wilson JX. The physiological role of dehydroascorbic acid. FEBS Lett. 527: 5-9 (2002).

Wolucka BA, Goossens A, Inze D. Methyl jasmonate stimulates the de novo biosynthesis of vitamin C in plant cell suspensions. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2527-2538 (2005).

Wolucka BA, Van Montagu M. GDP-mannose 3',5'-epimerase forms GDP-L-gulose, a putative intermediate for the de novo biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 47483-47490 (2003).

Wolucka BA, Van Montagu M. The VTC2 cycle and the de novo biosynthesis pathways for vitamin C in plants: an opinion. Phytochemistry 68: 2602-2613 (2007).

Wu FB, Chen F, Wei K, Zhang GP. Effect of cadmium on free amino acid, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations in two barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) differing in cadmium tolerance. Chemosphere 57: 447-454 (2004).

Wunderling M, Paul HH, Lohmann W. Evaluation of a direct spectrophotometric method for the rapid determination of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate in blood using ascorbate oxidase. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 367: 1047-1054 (1986).

Yabuta Y, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Two distinct redox signaling pathways for cytosolic APX induction under photooxidative stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1586-1594 (2004).

Yabuta Y, Mieda T, Rapolu M, Nakamura A, Motoki T, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Light regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis is dependent on the photosynthetic electron transport chain but independent of sugars in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 2661-2671 (2007).

Yabuta Y, Motoki T, Yoshimura K, Takeda T, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase is a limiting factor of antioxidative systems under photo-oxidative stress. Plant J. 32: 915-925 (2002).

Yamada T, Ichimura K, Kanekatsu M, van Doorn WG. Homologs of genes associated with programmed cell death in animal cells are differentially expressed during senescence of Ipomoea nil petals. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 610-625 (2009).

Yamaguchi K, Hayashi M, Nishimura M. cDNA cloning of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase in pumpkin and its characterization. Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 405-409 (1996).

Yamaguchi K, Mori H, Nishimura M. A novel isoenzyme of ascorbate peroxidase localized on glyoxysomal and leaf peroxisomal membranes in pumpkin. Plant Cell Physiol. 36: 1157-1162 (1995).

Yamamoto A, Bhuiyan MN, Waditee R, Tanaka Y, Esaka M, Oba K, Jagendorf AT, Takabe T. Suppressed expression of the apoplastic ascorbate oxidase gene increases salt tolerance in tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1785-1796 (2005).

Yamashita A, Nijo N, Pospisil P, Morita N, Takenaka D, Aminaka R, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto Y. Quality control of photosystem II: reactive oxygen species are responsible for the damage to photosystem II under moderate heat stress. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 28380-28391 (2008).

Yamauchi Y, Ejiri Y, Tanaka K. Glycation by ascorbic acid causes loss of activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and its increased susceptibility to proteases. Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 1334-1341 (2002).

Yamazaki D, Motohashi K, Kasama T, Hara Y, Hisabori T. Target proteins of the cytosolic thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 18-27 (2004).

Yang X, Wen X, Gong H, Lu Q, Yang Z, Tang Y, Liang Z, Lu C. Genetic engineering of the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine enhances thermotolerance of photosystem II in tobacco plants. Planta 225: 719-733 (2007).

Yang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Ling HQ, Chu C. OsMT1a, a type 1 metallothionein, plays the pivotal role in zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Mol. Biol. 70: 219-229 (2009).

Yannarelli GG, Noriega GO, Batlle A, Tomaro ML. Heme oxygenase up-regulation in ultraviolet-B irradiated soybean plants involves reactive oxygen species. Planta 224: 1154-1162 (2006).

Yao N, Greenberg JT. Arabidopsis ACCELERATED CELL DEATH2 modulates programmed cell death. Plant Cell 18: 397-411 (2006).

Ye B, Gressel J. Transient, oxidant-induced antioxidant transcript and enzyme levels correlate with greater oxidant-resistance in paraquat-resistant Conyza bonariensis. Planta 211: 50-61 (2000).

Yildiz G, Demiryurek AT. Ferrous iron-induced luminol chemiluminescence: a method for hydroxyl radical study. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 39: 179-184 (1998).

Yoo CY, Miura K, Jin JB, Lee J, Park HC, Salt DE, Yun DJ, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. SIZ1 SUMO E3 ligase facilitates basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis independent of salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 142: 1548-1558 (2006).

Yoshida K, Igarashi E, Mukai M, Hirata K, Miyamoto K. Induction of tolerance to oxidative stress in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, by abscisic acid. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 451-457 (2003).

Yoshikawa Y, Suzuki M, Chen N, Zinchenko AA, Murata S, Kanbe T, Nakai T, Oana H, Yoshikawa K. Ascorbic acid induces a marked conformational change in long duplex DNA. Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 3101-3106 (2003).

Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Nakamura Y, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Tada T, Nishimura K, Shigeoka S. Comparative study on recombinant chloroplastic and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase isozymes of spinach. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 353: 55-63 (1998).

Yoshimura K, Yabuta Y, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Expression of spinach ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in response to oxidative stresses. Plant Physiol. 123: 223-234 (2000).

Yoshimura K, Yabuta Y, Tamoi M, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Alternatively spliced mRNA variants of chloroplast ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in spinach leaves. Biochem. J. 338: 41-48 (1999).

Zamora R, Alaiz M, Hidalgo FJ. Feed-back inhibition of oxidative stress by oxidized lipid/amino acid reaction products. Biochemistry 36: 15765-15771 (1997).

Zhang A, Jiang M, Zhang J, Tan M, Hu X. Mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defense and acts downstream of reactive oxygen species production in leaves of maize plants. Plant Physiol. 141: 475-487 (2006).

Zhang H, Wang J, Nickel U, Allen RD, Goodman HM. Cloning and expression of an Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 967-971 (1997).

Zhang L, Xing D. Methyl jasmonate induces production of reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that precede photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 1092-1111 (2008).

Zhang W, Lorence A, Gruszewski HA, Chevone BI, Nessler CL. AMR1, an Arabidopsis gene that coordinately and negatively regulates the mannose/l-galactose ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway. Plant Physiol. 150: 942-950 (2009).

Zhang X, Wang H, Takemiya A, Song CP, Kinoshita T, Shimazaki K. Inhibition of blue light-dependent H+ pumping by abscisic acid through hydrogen peroxide-induced dephosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cell protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 136: 4150-4158 (2004).

Zhang X, Zhang L, Dong F, Gao J, Galbraith DW, Song CP. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba. Plant Physiol. 126: 1438-1448 (2001).

Zhang Y, Tan J, Guo Z, Lu S, He S, Shu W, Zhou B. Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic tobacco over-expressing 9 cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase influence H2O2 and NO production and antioxidant defences. Plant Cell Environ. 32: 509-519 (2009).

Zhang Z, Barlow JN, Baldwin JE, Schofield CJ. Metal-catalyzed oxidation and mutagenesis studies on the iron(II) binding site of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase. Biochemistry 36: 15999-16007 (1997).

Zhao ZG, Chen GC, Zhang CL. Interaction between reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in drought-induced abscisic acid synthesis in root tips of wheat seedlings. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 1055-1061 (2001).

Zhou B, Guo Z, Xing J, Huang B. Nitric oxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant activities in Stylosanthes guianensis. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 3223-3228 (2005).

Zhou RL, Zhao HL. Seasonal pattern of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots of perennial forage grasses grown in alpine habitat, related to freezing tolerance. Physiol. Plant. 121: 399-408 (2004).

Zhou S, Sauvé R, Thannhauser TW. Proteome changes induced by aluminium stress in tomato roots. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 1849-1857 (2009).

Zou LP, Li HX, Ouyang B, Zhang JH, Ye ZB. Molecular cloning, expression and mapping analysis of a novel cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene from tomato. DNA Seq. 16: 456-461 (2005).

Number of references = 683