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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, amylase

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Aleksenko A, Liu W, Gojkovic Z, Nielsen J, Piskur J. Aspergillus nidulans and the evolutionary origin of fungal dihydroorotases. Mol. Microbiol. 33: 599-611 (1999).

Appenroth KJ, Ziegler P. Light-induced degradation of storage starch in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza depends on nitrate. Plant Cell Environ. 31: 1460-1469 (2008).

Appleford NE, Wilkinson MD, Ma Q, Evans DJ, Stone MC, Pearce SP, Powers SJ, Thomas SG, Jones HD, Phillips AL, Hedden P, Lenton JR. Decreased shoot stature and grain alpha-amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat. J. Exp. Bot. 58: 3213-3226 (2007).

Atia KS, Ismail SA, El-Arnaouty MB, Dessouki AM. Use of co-immobilized beta-amylase and pullulanase in reduction of saccharification time of starch and increase in maltose yield. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 853-857 (2003).

Bandani AR. Effect of plant a-amylase inhibitors on Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), alpha-amylase activity. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 70: 869-873 (2005).

Beatty MK, Rahman A, Cao H, Woodman W, Lee M, Myers AM, James MG. Purification and molecular genetic characterization of ZPU1, a pullulanase-type starch-debranching enzyme from maize. Plant Physiol. 119: 255-266 (1999).

Beaujean A, Ducrocq-Assaf C, Sangwan RS, Lilius G, Bulow L, Sangwan-Norreel BS. Engineering direct fructose production in processed potato tubers by expressing a bifunctional alpha-amylase/glucose isomerase gene complex. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 70: 9-16 (2000).

Beligni MV, Fath A, Bethke PC, Lamattina L, Jones RL. Nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays programmed cell death in barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiol. 129: 1642-1650 (2002).

Bethke PC, Hwang YS, Zhu T, Jones RL. Global patterns of gene expression in the aleurone of wild-type and dwarf1 mutant rice. Plant Physiol. 140: 484-498 (2006).

Bethke PC, Lonsdale JE, Fath A, Jones RL. Hormonally regulated programmed cell death in barley aleurone cells. Plant Cell 11: 1033-1046 (1999).

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Casaretto J, Ho TH. The transcription factors HvABI5 and HvVP1 are required for the abscisic acid induction of gene expression in barley aleurone cells. Plant Cell 15: 271-284 (2003).

Castro AJ, Clement C. Sucrose and starch catabolism in the anther of Lilium during its development: a comparative study among the anther wall, locular fluid and microspore/pollen fractions. Planta 225: 1573-1582 (2007).

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Chandler PM, Robertson M. Gibberellin dose-response curves and the characterization of dwarf mutants of barley. Plant Physiol. 120: 623-632 (1999).

Chang M, Wang B, Chen X, Wu R. Molecular characterization of catalytic-subunit cDNA sequences encoding protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and study of their roles in the gibberellin-dependent Osamy-c expression in rice. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 105-115 (1999).

Chen MH, Huang LF, Li HM, Chen YR, Yu SM. Signal peptide-dependent targeting of a rice {alpha}-amylase and cargo proteins to plastids and extracellular compartments of plant cells. Plant Physiol. 135: 1367-1377 (2004).

Chen PW, Chiang CM, Tseng TH, Yu SM. Interaction between rice MYBGA and the gibberellin response element controls tissue-specific sugar sensitivity of alpha-amylase genes. Plant Cell 18: 2326-2340 (2006).

Chen YP, Jia JF, Han XL. Weak microwave can alleviate water deficit induced by osmotic stress in wheat seedlings. Planta 229: 291-298 (2009).

Cho JI, Ryoo N, Eom JS, Lee DW, Kim HB, Jeong SW, Lee YH, Kwon YK, Cho MH, Bhoo SH, Hahn TR, Park YI, Hwang I, Sheen J, Jeon JS. Role of the rice hexokinases OsHXK5 and OsHXK6 as glucose sensors. Plant Physiol. 149: 745-759 (2009).

Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Popp M, Jones HG. Mucilages and polysaccharides in Ziziphus species (Rhamnaceae): localization, composition and physiological roles during drought-stress. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 131-138 (2002).

Colleoni C, Dauvillee D, Mouille G, Buleon A, Gallant D, Bouchet B, Morell M, Samuel M, Delrue B, d'Hulst C, Bliard C, Nuzillard JM, Ball S. Genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of alpha-1,4 glucanotransferases in amylopectin synthesis. Plant Physiol. 120: 993-1004 (1999).

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de Azevedo Pereira R, Nogueira Batista JA, Mattar da Silva MC, Brilhante de Oliveira Neto O, Zangrando Figueira EL, Valencia Jimenez A, Grossi-de-Sa MF. An alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from Phaseolus coccineus encodes a protein with potential for control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). Phytochemistry 67: 2009-2016 (2006).

de la Fuente van Bentem S, Roitinger E, Anrather D, Csaszar E, Hirt H. Phosphoproteomics as a tool to unravel plant regulatory mechanisms. Physiol. Plant. 126: 110-119 (2006).

Delatte T, Trevisan M, Parker ML, Zeeman SC. Arabidopsis mutants Atisa1 and Atisa2 have identical phenotypes and lack the same multimeric isoamylase, which influences the branch point distribution of amylopectin during starch synthesis. Plant J. 41: 815-830 (2005).

Dinges JR, Colleoni C, James MG, Myers AM. Mutational analysis of the pullulanase-type debranching enzyme of maize indicates multiple functions in starch metabolism. Plant Cell 15: 666-680 (2003).

Dodd AN, Griffiths H, Taybi T, Cushman JC, Borland AM. Integrating diel starch metabolism with the circadian and environmental regulation of Crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Planta 216: 789-797 (2003).

Doyle EA, Lane AM, Sides JM, Mudgett MB, Monroe JD. An alpha-amylase (At4g25000) in Arabidopsis leaves is secreted and induced by biotic and abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ. 30: 388-398 (2007).

Duan M, Sun SS. Profiling the expression of genes controlling rice grain quality. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 165-178 (2005).

Ellerstrom M, Reidt W, Ivanov R, Tiedemann J, Melzer M, Tewes A, Moritz T, Mock HP, Sitbon F, Rask L, Baumlein H. Ectopic expression of EFFECTOR OF TRANSCRIPTION perturbs gibberellin-mediated plant developmental processes. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 663-681 (2005).

Erkkila MJ, Leah R, Ahokas H, Cameron-Mills V. Allele-dependent barley grain beta-amylase activity. Plant Physiol. 117: 679-685 (1998).

Farrell AD, Kettlewell PS. The effect of temperature shock and grain morphology on alpha-amylase in developing wheat grain. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 102: 287-293 (2008).

Filardo F, Robertson M, Singh DP, Parish RW, Swain SM. Functional analysis of HvSPY, a negative regulator of GA response, in barley aleurone cells and Arabidopsis. Planta 229: 523-537 (2009).

Finnie C, Melchior S, Roepstorff P, Svensson B. Proteome analysis of grain filling and seed maturation in barley. Plant Physiol. 129: 1308-1319 (2002).

Franco OL, Rigden DJ, Melo FR, Grossi-De-Sa MF. Plant alpha-amylase inhibitors and their interaction with insect alpha-amylases. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 397-412 (2002).

Fridborg I, Kuusk S, Robertson M, Sundberg E. The Arabidopsis protein SHI represses gibberellin responses in Arabidopsis and barley. Plant Physiol. 127: 937-948 (2001).

Fu X, Richards DE, Ait-Ali T, Hynes LW, Ougham H, Peng J, Harberd NP. Gibberellin-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation of the barley DELLA protein SLN1 repressor. Plant Cell 14: 3191-3200 (2002).

Fujita N, Kubo A, Francisco PB Jr, Nakakita M, Harada K, Minaka N, Nakamura Y. Purification, characterization, and cDNA structure of isoamylase from developing endosperm of rice. Planta 208: 283-293 (1999).

Fujita N, Toyosawa Y, Utsumi Y, Higuchi T, Hanashiro I, Ikegami A, Akuzawa S, Yoshida M, Mori A, Inomata K, Itoh R, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Satoh H, Nakamura Y. Characterization of pullulanase (PUL)-deficient mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the function of PUL on starch biosynthesis in the developing rice endosperm. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 1009-1023 (2009).

Fujita N, Yoshida M, Kondo T, Saito K, Utsumi Y, Tokunaga T, Nishi A, Satoh H, Park JH, Jane JL, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nakamura Y. Characterization of SSIIIa-deficient mutants of rice: the function of SSIIIa and pleiotropic effects by SSIIIa deficiency in the rice endosperm. Plant Physiol. 144: 2009-2023 (2007).

Furtado A, Henry R, Scott K, Meech S. The promoter of the asi gene directs expression in the maternal tissues of the seed in transgenic barley. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 787-799 (2003).

Fux C, Fussenegger M. Toward higher order control modalities in mammalian cells-independent adjustment of two different gene activities. Biotechnol. Prog. 19: 109-120 (2003).

Gallie DR, Young TE. The regulation of gene expression in transformed maize aleurone and endosperm protoplasts. Analysis of promoter activity, intron enhancement, and mRNA untranslated regions on expression. Plant Physiol. 106: 929-939 (1994).

Gana JA, Kalengamaliro NE, Cunningham SM, Volenec JJ. Expression of beta-amylase from alfalfa taproots. Plant Physiol. 118: 1495-1506 (1998).

Geigenberger P, Hajirezaei M, Geiger M, Deiting U, Sonnewald U, Stitt M. Overexpression of pyrophosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis, increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of nucleotides in growing potato tubers. Planta 205: 428-437 (1998).

Genschel U, Abel G, Lorz H, Lutticke S. The sugary-type isoamylase in wheat: tissue distribution and subcellular localisation. Planta 214: 813-820 (2002).

Ghiena C, Schulz M, Schnabl H. Starch degradation and distribution of the starch-degrading enzymes in Vicia faba leaves. Diurnal oscillation of amylolytic activity and starch content in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 101: 73-79 (1993).

Gibson SI. Sugar and phytohormone response pathways: navigating a signalling network. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 253-264 (2004).

Gocal GF, Sheldon CC, Gubler F, Moritz T, Bagnall DJ, MacMillan CP, Li SF, Parish RW, Dennis ES, Weigel D, King RW. GAMYB-like genes, flowering, and gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 1682-1693 (2001).

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Grosset J, Alary R, Gautier MF, Menossi M, Martinez-Izquierdo JA, Joudrier P. Characterization of a barley gene coding for an alpha-amylase inhibitor subunit (CMd protein) and analysis of its promoter in transgenic tobacco plants and in maize kernels by microprojectile bombardment. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 331-338 (1997).

Grossi de Sa MF, Mirkov TE, Ishimoto M, Colucci G, Bateman KS, Chrispeels MJ. Molecular characterization of a bean alpha-amylase inhibitor that inhibits the alpha-amylase of the mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus. Planta 203: 295-303 (1997).

Guan HP, Preiss J. Differentiation of the properties of the branching isozymes from maize (Zea mays). Plant Physiol. 102: 1269-1273 (1993).

Gubler F, Chandler PM, White RG, Llewellyn DJ, Jacobsen JV. Gibberellin signaling in barley aleurone cells. Control of SLN1 and GAMYB expression. Plant Physiol. 129: 191-200 (2002).

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Hanson J, Johannesson H, Engstrom P. Sugar-dependent alterations in cotyledon and leaf development in transgenic plants expressing the HDZhdip gene ATHB13. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 247-262 (2001).

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Hausler RE, Schlieben NH, Schulz B, Flugge UI. Compensation of decreased triose phosphate/phosphate translocator activity by accelerated starch turnover and glucose transport in transgenic tobacco. Planta 204: 366-376 (1998).

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Ho SL, Chao YC, Tong WF, Yu SM. Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth- and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 125: 877-890 (2001).

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Hwang YS, Bethke PC, Gubler F, Jones RL. cPrG-HCl a potential H+/Cl- symporter prevents acidification of storage vacuoles in aleurone cells and inhibits GA-dependent hydrolysis of storage protein and phytate. Plant J. 35: 154-163 (2003).

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Jung SH, Lee JY, Lee DH. Use of SAGE technology to reveal changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves undergoing cold stress. Plant Mol. Biol. 52: 553-567 (2003).

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