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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, amt

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Connelly HM, Pelletier DA, Lu TY, Lankford PK, Hettich RL 2006 Characterization of pII family (GlnK1, GlnK2, and GlnB) protein uridylylation in response to nitrogen availability for Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Anal. Biochem. 357: 93-104.

Coutts G, Thomas G, Blakey D, Merrick M 2002 Membrane sequestration of the signal transduction protein GlnK by the ammonium transporter AmtB. EMBO J. 21: 536-545.

Couturier J, Montanini B, Martin F, Brun A, Blaudez D, Chalot M 2007 The expanded family of ammonium transporters in the perennial poplar plant. New Phytol. 174: 137-150.

Cruz-Ramirez A, Lopez-Bucio J, Ramirez-Pimentel G, Zurita-Silva A, Sanchez-Calderon L, Ramirez-Chavez E, Gonzalez-Ortega E, Herrera-Estrella L 2004 The xipotl mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a critical role for phospholipid metabolism in root system development and epidermal cell integrity. Plant Cell 16: 2020-2034.

D'Apuzzo E, Rogato A, Simon-Rosin U, El Alaoui H, Barbulova A, Betti M, Dimou M, Katinakis P, Marquez A, Marini AM, Udvardi MK, Chiurazzi M 2004 Characterization of three functional high-affinity ammonium transporters in Lotus japonicus with differential transcriptional regulation and spatial expression. Plant Physiol. 134: 1763-1774.

Davalos M, Fourment J, Lucas A, Berges H, Kahn D 2004 Nitrogen regulation in Sinorhizobium meliloti probed with whole genome arrays. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 241: 33-40.

Dommelen A, De Mot R, Vanderleyden J 2001 Ammonium transport: unifying concepts and unique aspects. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 959-967.

Duan YH, Zhang YL, Ye LT, Fan XR, Xu GH, Shen QR 2007 Responses of rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiency to partial nitrate nutrition. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 99: 1153-1160.

Dudareva N, Murfitt LM, Mann CJ, Gorenstein N, Kolosova N, Kish CM, Bonham C, Wood K 2000 Developmental regulation of methyl benzoate biosynthesis and emission in snapdragon flowers. Plant Cell 12: 949-961.

Effmert U, Saschenbrecker S, Ross J, Negre F, Fraser CM, Noel JP, Dudareva N, Piechulla B 2005 Floral benzenoid carboxyl methyltransferases: from in vitro to in planta function. Phytochemistry 66: 1211-1230.

Ehlers C, Grabbe R, Veit K, Schmitz RA 2002 Characterization of GlnK(1) from Methanosarcina mazei strain Go1: Complementation of an Escherichia coli glnK mutant strain by GlnK(1). J. Bacteriol. 184: 1028-1040.

Engineer CB, Kranz RG 2007 Reciprocal leaf and root expression of AtAmt1.1 and root architectural changes in response to nitrogen starvation. Plant Physiol. 143: 236-250.

Fisher SH, Brandenburg JL, Wray LV 2002 Mutations in Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase that block its interaction with transcription factor TnrA. Mol. Microbiol. 45: 627-635.

Flusser H, Korman SH, Sato K, Matsubara Y, Galil A, Kure S 2005 Mild glycine encephalopathy (NKH) in a large kindred due to a silent exonic GLDC splice mutation. Neurology 64: 1426-1430.

Fong RN, Kim KS, Yoshihara C, Inwood WB, Kustu S 2007 The W148L substitution in the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB increases flux and indicates that the substrate is an ion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 18706-18711.

Gagneur J, Klamt S 2004 Computation of elementary modes: a unifying framework and the new binary approach. BMC Bioinformatics 5: 175.

Gansel X, Munos S, Tillard P, Gojon A 2001 Differential regulation of the NO3- and NH4+ transporter genes AtNrt2.1 and AtAmt1.1 in Arabidopsis: relation with long-distance and local controls by N status of the plant. Plant J. 26: 143-155.

Gazzarrini S, Lejay L, Gojon A, Ninnemann O, Frommer WB, von Wiren N 1999 Three functional transporters for constitutive, diurnally regulated, and starvation-induced uptake of ammonium into Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell 11: 937-948.

Glass AD, Britto DT, Kaiser BN, Kinghorn JR, Kronzucker HJ, Kumar A, Okamoto M, Rawat S, Siddiqi MY, Unkles SE, Vidmar JJ 2002 The regulation of nitrate and ammonium transport systems in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 855-864.

Gobert A, Park G, Amtmann A, Sanders D, Maathuis FJ 2006 Arabidopsis thaliana cyclic nucleotide gated channel 3 forms a non-selective ion transporter involved in germination and cation transport. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 791-800.

Gong Z, Koiwa H, Cushman MA, Ray A, Bufford D, Kore-eda S, Matsumoto TK, Zhu J, Cushman JC, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM 2001 Genes that are uniquely stress regulated in salt overly sensitive (sos) mutants. Plant Physiol. 126: 363-375.

Gonzalez-Ballester D, Camargo A, Fernandez E 2004 Ammonium transporter genes in Chlamydomonas: the nitrate-specific regulatory gene Nit2 is involved in Amt1;1 expression. Plant Mol. Biol. 56: 863-878.

Heinrich A, Woyda K, Brauburger K, Meiss G, Detsch C, Stulke J, Forchhammer K 2006 Interaction of the membrane-bound GlnK-AmtB complex with the master regulator of nitrogen metabolism TnrA in Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 34909-34917.

Hendricks CL, Ross JR, Pichersky E, Noel JP, Zhou ZS 2004 An enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Anal. Biochem. 326: 100-105.

Huergo LF, Souza EM, Araujo MS, Pedrosa FO, Chubatsu LS, Steffens MB, Merrick M 2006 ADP-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase in Azospirillum brasilense is regulated by AmtB-dependent membrane sequestration of DraG. Mol. Microbiol. 59: 326-337.

Ishii A, Hihara Y 2008 An AbrB-like transcriptional regulator, Sll0822, is essential for the activation of nitrogen-regulated genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Physiol. Jul 30 [Epub ahead of print].

Ishikita H 2007 Modulation of the protein environment in the hydrophilic pore of the ammonia transporter protein AmtB upon GlnK protein binding. FEBS Lett. 581: 4293-4297.

Jakoby M, Kramer R, Burkovski A 1999 Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: isolation of genes involved and biochemical characterization of corresponding proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 303-310.

Javelle A, Lupo D, Zheng L, Li XD, Winkler FK, Merrick M 2006 An unusual twin-His arrangement in the pore of ammonia channels is essential for substrate conductance. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 39492-39498.

Javelle A, Morel M, Rodriguez-Pastrana BR, Botton B, Andre B, Marini AM, Brun A, Chalot M 2003 Molecular characterization, function and regulation of ammonium transporters (Amt) and ammonium-metabolizing enzymes (GS, NADP-GDH) in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Mol. Microbiol. 47: 411-430.

Javelle A, Severi E, Thornton J, Merrick M 2004 Ammonium sensing in Escherichia coli: role of the ammonium transporter AmtB and AmtB-GlnK complex formation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 8530-8538.

Javelle A, Thomas G, Marini AM, Kramer R, Merrick M 2005 In vivo functional characterisation of the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB: evidence for metabolic coupling of AmtB to glutamine synthetase. Biochem. J. 390: 215-222.

Kaiser BN, Rawat SR, Siddiqi MY, Masle J, Glass AD 2002 Functional analysis of an Arabidopsis T-DNA "knockout" of the high-affinity NH(4)(+) transporter AtAMT1;1. Plant Physiol. 130: 1263-1275.

Kayumov A, Heinrich A, Sharipova M, Iljinskaya O, Forchhammer K 2008 Inactivation of the general transcription factor TnrA in Bacillus subtilis by proteolysis. Microbiology 154: 2348-2355.

Kim DS, Lee IS, Jang CS, Kang SY, Seo YW 2005 Characterization of the altered anthranilate synthase in 5-methyltryptophan-resistant rice mutants. Plant Cell Rep. 24: 357-365.

Kim S, Choi HI, Ryu HJ, Park JH, Kim MD, Kim SY 2004 ARIA, an Arabidopsis arm repeat protein interacting with a transcriptional regulator of abscisic acid-responsive gene expression, is a novel abscisic acid signaling component. Plant Physiol. 136: 3639-3648.

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Klamt S, Schuster S, Gilles ED 2002 Calculability analysis in underdetermined metabolic networks illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 77: 734-751.

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Klamt S, Stelling J 2002 Combinatorial complexity of pathway analysis in metabolic networks. Mol. Biol. Rep. 29: 233-236.

Klamt S, Stelling J, Ginkel M, Gilles ED 2003 FluxAnalyzer: exploring structure, pathways, and flux distributions in metabolic networks on interactive flux maps. Bioinformatics 19: 261-269.

Kode V, Mudd EA, Iamtham S, Day A 2006 Isolation of precise plastid deletion mutants by homology-based excision: a resource for site-directed mutagenesis, multi-gene changes and high-throughput plastid transformation. Plant J. 46: 901-909.

Kode V, Mudd EA, Iamtham S, Day A 2005 The tobacco plastid accD gene is essential and is required for leaf development. Plant J. 44: 237-244.

Kolosova N, Gorenstein N, Kish CM, Dudareva N 2001 Regulation of circadian methyl benzoate emission in diurnally and nocturnally emitting plants. Plant Cell 13: 2333-2347.

Kolosova N, Sherman D, Karlson D, Dudareva N 2001 Cellular and subcellular localization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methylbenzoate in snapdragon flowers. Plant Physiol. 126: 956-964.

Kreps JA, Ponappa T, Dong W, Town CD 1996 Molecular basis of alpha-methyltryptophan resistance in amt-1, a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered tryptophan metabolism. Plant Physiol. 110: 1159-1165.

Kumar A, Silim SN, Okamoto M, Siddiqi MY, Glass AD 2003 Differential expression of three members of the AMT1 gene family encoding putative high-affinity NH4+ transporters in roots of Oryza sativa subspecies indica. Plant Cell Environ. 26: 907-914.

Lauter FR, Ninnemann O, Bucher M, Riesmeier JW, Frommer WB 1996 Preferential expression of an ammonium transporter and of two putative nitrate transporters in root hairs of tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 8139-8144.

Leiva-Presa A, Capdevila M, Gonzalez-Duarte P 2004 Mercury(II) binding to metallothioneins. Variables governing the formation and structural features of the mammalian Hg-MT species. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 4872-4880.

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Ludewig U, Neuhauser B, Dynowski M 2007 Molecular mechanisms of ammonium transport and accumulation in plants. FEBS Lett. 581: 2301-2308.

Ludwig-Muller J, Vertocnik A, Town CD 2005 Analysis of indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation on Arabidopsis stem segments. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 2095-2105.

Maathuis FJ, Filatov V, Herzyk P, C Krijger G, B Axelsen K, Chen S, Green BJ, Li Y, Madagan KL, Sanchez-Fernandez R, Forde BG, Palmgren MG, Rea PA, Williams LE, Sanders D, Amtmann A 2003 Transcriptome analysis of root transporters reveals participation of multiple gene families in the response to cation stress. Plant J. 35: 675-692.

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Maser P, Thomine S, Schroeder JI, Ward JM, Hirschi K, Sze H, Talke IN, Amtmann A, Maathuis FJ, Sanders D, Harper JF, Tchieu J, Gribskov M, Persans MW, Salt DE, Kim SA, Guerinot ML 2001 Phylogenetic relationships within cation transporter families of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 1646-1667.

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Mou Z, Wang X, Fu Z, Dai Y, Han C, Ouyang J, Bao F, Hu Y, Li J 2002 Silencing of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase results in temperature-sensitive male sterility and salt hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14: 2031-2043.

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Sonoda Y, Ikeda A, Saiki S, Yamaya T, Yamaguchi J 2003 Feedback regulation of the ammonium transporter gene family AMT1 by glutamine in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 1396-1402.

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David Rhodes
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Last Update: 8/25/2008