Ahmad I, Hellebust JA. A spectrophotometric procedure for measuring oxoglutarate and determining aminotransferase activities using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked glutamate dehydrogenase from algae. Anal. Biochem. 180: 99-104 (1989).

Ahmad S, Jensen RA. A simple spectrophotometric assay for arogenate dehydratase. Anal. Biochem. 163: 107-111 (1987).

Ajayi OB, Odutuga A. Effect of low-zinc status and essential fatty acids deficiency on the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in liver and serum of albino rats. Nahr. Food 48: 88-90 (2004).

Akama K, Akihiro T, Kitagawa M, Takaiwa F. Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1522: 143-150 (2001).

Bao J, Lee S, Chen C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu S, Clark T, Wang J, Cao M, Yang H, Wang SM, Yu J. Serial analysis of gene expression study of a hybrid rice strain (LYP9) and its parental cultivars. Plant Physiol. 138: 1216-1231 (2005).

Barjaktarovic Z, Schutz W, Madlung J, Fladerer C, Nordheim A, Hampp R. Changes in the effective gravitational field strength affect the state of phosphorylation of stress-related proteins in callus cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 779-789 (2009).

Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D. Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum. Mutat. 15: 577 (2000).

Bennett FI, Jackson AA. Glycine is not formed through the amino transferase reaction in human or rat placenta. Placenta 19: 329-331 (1998).

Berry A, Jensen RA, Hendry AT. Enzymic arrangement and allosteric regulation of the aromatic amino acid pathway in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Arch. Microbiol. 149: 87-94 (1987).

Bibiano Melo JF, Lundstedt LM, Meton I, Baanante IV, Moraes G. Effects of dietary levels of protein on nitrogenous metabolism of Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei: Pimelodidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. Mol. Integr. Physiol. 145: 181-187 (2006).

Birdsey GM, Danpure CJ. Evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase intracellular targeting: structural and functional analysis of the guinea pig gene. Biochem. J. 331: 49-60 (1998).

Birolo L, Dal Piaz F, Pucci P, Marino G. Structural characterization of the M* partly folded intermediate of wild type and P138A aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 17428-17437 (2002).

Birolo L, Malashkevich VN, Capitani G, De Luca F, Moretta A, Jansonius JN, Marino G. Functional and structural analysis of cis-proline mutants of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase. Biochemistry 38: 905-913 (1999).

Bonarius HP, Houtman JH, de Gooijer CD, Tramper J, Schmid G. Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase is increased in ammonia-stressed hybridoma cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 57: 447-453 (1998).

Bonner CA, Fischer RS, Ahmad S, Jensen RA. Remnants of an ancient pathway to L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine in enteric bacteria: evolutionary implications and biotechnological impact. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 3741-3747 (1990).

Boon L, Geerts WJ, Jonker A, Lamers WH, Van Noorden CJ. High protein diet induces pericentral glutamate dehydrogenase and ornithine aminotransferase to provide sufficient glutamate for pericentral detoxification of ammonia in rat liver lobules. Histochem. Cell Biol. 111: 445-452 (1999).

Byng GS, Whitaker RJ, Shapiro CL, Jensen RA. The aromatic amino acid pathway branches at L-arogenate in Euglena gracilis. Mol. Cell Biol. 1: 426-438 (1981).

Chen ZY, Burow MD, Mason CB, Moroney JV. A low-CO2-inducible gene encoding an alanine: alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 112: 677-684 (1996).

Chia YC, Smith GW, Lees GJ. Differences in properties between aromatic amino acid: aromatic keto acid aminotransferases and aromatic amino acid: alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferases. Life Sci. 34: 2443-2452 (1984).

Chico E, Olavarria JS, Nunez de Castro I. L-Alanine as an end product of glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under different hypoxic conditions. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 44: 193-201 (1978).

Chopra J, Kaur N, Gupta AK. The role of ammonium assimilating enzymes in lentil roots and nodules. Biol. Plant. 47: 105-109 (2003).

Christie A, Butler M. The adaptation of bhk cells to a non-ammoniagenic glutamate-based culture medium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 64: 298-309 (1999).

Contestabile R, Paiardini A, Pascarella S, di Salvo ML, D'Aguanno S, Bossa F. L-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes specialized for different functions. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 6508-6525 (2001).

da Cunha A. Purification, characterization and induction of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Phaseolus vulgaris. Eur. J. Biochem. 178: 243-248 (1988).

Danpure CJ. The molecular basis of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase mistargeting: the most common single cause of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J. Nephrol. 11: 8-12 (1998).

Danpure CJ. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie 75: 309-315 (1993).

Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al. Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53: 417-432 (1993).

Deborde C, Rolin DB, Boyaval P. In vivo 13C NMR study of the bidirectional reactions of the Wood-Werkman cycle and around the pyruvate node in Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Metab. Eng. 1: 309-319 (1999).

Denessiouk KA, Denesyuk AI, Lehtonen JV, Korpela T, Johnson MS. Common structural elements in the architecture of the cofactor-binding domains in unrelated families of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Proteins 35: 250-261 (1999).

Dever LV, Blackwell RD, Fullwood NJ, Lacuesta M, Leegood RC, Onek LA, Pearson M, Lea PJ. The isolation and characterization of mutants of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. J. Exp. Bot. 46: 1363-1376 (1995).

Drsata J. Tryptophan metabolism via transamination. In vitro aminotransferase assay using dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 527: 511-517 (2003).

Erecinska M, Nelson D, Nissim I, Daikhin Y, Yudkoff M. Cerebral alanine transport and alanine aminotransferase reaction: alanine as a source of neuronal glutamate. J. Neurochem. 62: 1953-1964 (1994).

Famiani F, Walker RP, Tecsi L, Chen ZH, Proietti P, Leegood RC. An immunohistochemical study of the compartmentation of metabolism during the development of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 675-683 (2000).

Fiske MJ, Kane JF. Regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis in Rhodotorula glutinis. J. Bacteriol. 160: 676-681 (1984).

Fiske MJ, Whitaker RJ, Jensen RA. Hidden overflow pathway to L-phenylalanine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 154: 623-631 (1983).

Funai T, Ichiyama A. Fidelity of translation initiation of mRNA for the precursor of rat mitochondrial serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117: 1008-1016 (1995).

Gajewska E, Sklodowska M. Nickel-induced changes in nitrogen metabolism in wheat shoots. J. Plant Physiol. 166: 1034-1044 (2009).

Gibala MJ, Peirce N, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff L. Exercise with low muscle glycogen augments TCA cycle anaplerosis but impairs oxidative energy provision in humans. J. Physiol. (London) 540: 1079-1086 (2002).

Gluck MR, Thomas RG, Davis KL, Haroutunian V. Implications for altered glutamate and GABA metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of aged schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiat. 159: 1165-1173 (2002).

Gossell-Williams M, Benjamin J. Choline: are our university students eating enough? West Indian Med. J. 55: 197-199 (2006).

Graber R, Kasper P, Malashkevich VN, Sandmeier E, Berger P, Gehring H, Jansonius JN, Christen P. Changing the reaction specificity of a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 232: 686-690 (1995).

Gupta M, Greven R, Jansen EEW, Jakobs C, Hogema BM, Froestl W, Snead OC, Bartels H, Grompe M, Gibson KM. Therapeutic intervention in mice deficient for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302: 180-187 (2002).

Hagishita T, Yoshida T, Izumi Y, Mitsunaga T. Cloning and expression of the gene for serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2. Eur. J. Biochem. 241: 1-5 (1996).

Han Q, Hanyong LY. Comparative characterization of Aedes 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase/alanine glyoxylate transaminase and Drosophila serine pyruvate aminotransferase. FEBS Lett. 527: 199-204 (2002).

Han Q, Robinson H, Gao YG, Vogelaar N, Wilson SR, Rizzi M, Li J. Crystal structures of Aedes aegypti alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 37175-37182 (2006).

Hasegawa T, Mihara M, Nakamuro K, Sayato Y. Mechanisms of selenium methylation and toxicity in mice treated with selenocystine. Arch. Toxicol. 71: 31-38 (1996).

Hassel B, Boldingh KA, Narvesen C, Iversen EG, Skrede KK. Glutamate transport, glutamine synthetase and phosphate-activated glutaminase in rat CNS white matter. A quantitative study. J. Neurochem. 87: 230-237 (2003).

Hausler RE, Bailey KJ, Lea PJ, Leegood RC. Control of photosynthesis in barley mutants with reduced activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. 3. Aspects of glyoxylate metabolism and effects of glyoxylate on the activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Planta 200: 388-396 (1996).

Hayashi S, Noguchi T. Response to light of a specific aminotransferase for delta-aminolevulinate formation in higher plants. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 13693-13696 (1983).

Holbrook JD, Birdsey GM, Yang Z, Bruford MW, Danpure CJ. Molecular adaptation of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase targeting in primates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 387-400 (2000).

Huang H, Yu Y, Yi X, Zhang Y. Nitrogen metabolism of asparagine and glutamate in Vero cells studied by (1)H/ (15)N NMR spectroscopy. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77: 427-436 (2007).

Hukkanen A, Kokko H, Buchala A, Hayrinen J, Karenlampi S. Benzothiadiazole affects the leaf proteome in arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus). Mol. Plant Pathol. 9: 799-808 (2008).

Igarashi D, Miwa T, Seki M, Kobayashi M, Kato T, Tabata S, Shinozaki K, Ohsumi C. Identification of photorespiratory glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase (GGAT) gene in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 33: 975-987 (2003).

Igarashi D, Tsuchida H, Miyao M, Ohsumi C. Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase (GGAT) modulates amino acid contents during photorespiration. Plant Physiol. 142: 901-910 (2006).

Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A. Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily. Mol. Gen. Genet. 257: 238-248 (1998).

Ishikawa K, Kaneko E, Ichiyama A. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding of a recombinant rat serine: pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 119: 970-978 (1996).

Jadaho SB, Yang RZ, Lin Q, Hu H, Anania FA, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW. Murine alanine aminotransferase: cDNA cloning, functional expression, and differential gene regulation in mouse fatty liver. Hepatology 39: 1297-1302 (2004).

Jhee KH, Yoshimura T, Miles EW, Takeda S, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Soda K, Kawata Y, Esaki N. Stereochemistry of the transamination reaction catalyzed by aminodeoxychorismate lyase from Escherichia coli: close relationship between fold type and stereochemistry. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 128: 679-686 (2000).

Jones JM, Morrell JC, Gould SJ. Identification and characterization of HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3, three human peroxisomal 2-hydroxy acid oxidases. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 12590-12597 (2000).

Kikuchi H, Hirose S, Toki S, Akama K, Takaiwa F. Molecular characterization of a gene for alanine aminotransferase from rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 149-159 (1999).

Kim KJ, Park CJ, An JM, Ham BK, Lee BJ, Paek KH. CaAlaAT1 catalyzes the alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase reaction during the resistance response against tobacco mosaic virus in hot pepper. Planta 221: 857-867 (2005).

Kim SJ, Jung YS, Kwon do Y, Kim YC. Alleviation of acute ethanol-induced liver injury and impaired metabolomics of S-containing substances by betaine supplementation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 368: 893-898 (2008).

Kim YC, Jung YS, Kim SK. Effect of betaine supplementation on changes in hepatic metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and experimental cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. Food Chem. Toxicol. 43: 663-670 (2005).

Kontani Y, Kawasaki S, Kaneko M, Matsuda K, Sakata SF, Tamaki N. Inhibitory effect of ethanol administration on beta-alanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA aminotransferase) in disulfiram-pretreated rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 44: 165-176 (1998).

Kontani Y, Sakata SF, Matsuda K, Ohyama T, Sano K, Tamaki N. The mature size of rat 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase is different in liver and brain. Eur. J. Biochem. 264: 218-222 (1999).

Lain-Guelbenzu B, Cardenas J, Munoz-Blanco J. Purification and properties of L-alanine aminotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Eur. J. Biochem. 202: 881-887 (1991).

Lee IS, Muragaki Y, Ideguchi T, Hase T, Tsuji M, Ooshima A, Okuno E, Kido R. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 from rat kidney. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117: 856-862 (1995).

Lee IS, Takio K, Kido R, Titani K. Purification and amino- and carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences of alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 1 from human liver. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 116: 12-17 (1994).

Liang Z, Yu C, Huang AH. Conversion of glycerate to serine in intact spinach leaf peroxisomes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 233: 393-401 (1984).

Liepman AH, Olsen LI. Genomic analysis of aminotransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 23: 73-89 (2004).

Liepman AH, Olsen LJ. Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1) is a photorespiratory enzyme with multiple substrates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 25: 487-498 (2001).

Liepman AH, Olsen LJ. Alanine aminotransferase homologs catalyze the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase reaction in peroxisomes of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 215-227 (2003).

Limami AM, Glevarec G, Ricoult C, Cliquet JB, Planchet E. Concerted modulation of alanine and glutamate metabolism in young Medicago truncatula seedlings under hypoxic stress. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 2325-2335 (2008).

Lumb MJ, Drake AF, Danpure CJ. Effect of N-terminal alpha-helix formation on the dimerization and intracellular targeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 20587-20596 (1999).

Lumb MJ, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ. Molecular evolution of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 intracellular targeting. Analysis of the feline gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 221: 53-62 (1994).

Maaheimo H, Fiaux J, Cakar ZP, Bailey JE, Sauer U, Szyperski T. Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae explored by biosynthetic fractional C-13 labeling of common amino acids. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 2464-2479 (2001).

Martin M, de la Banda IG, Sabater B. L-Alanine: 2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase from maize embryo with complex kinetic properties for L-alanine. Rev. Esp. Fisiol. 32: 131-136 (1976).

Mehta PK, Christen P. Homology of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase, 2-amino-6-caprolactam racemase, 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase, glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase ... with aminotransferases. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198: 138-143 (1994).

Mehta PK, Christen P. The molecular evolution of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 74: 129-184 (2000).

Mehta PK, Hale TI, Christen P. Aminotransferases: demonstration of homology and division into evolutionary subgroups. Eur. J. Biochem. 214: 549-561 (1993).

Meister M, Agostino A, Hatch MD. The roles of malate and aspartate in C4 photosynthetic metabolism of Flaveria bidentis (L). Planta 199: 262-269 (1996).

Meton I, Egea M, Fernandez F, Eraso MC, Baanante IV. The N-terminal sequence directs import of mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase into mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 566: 251-254 (2004).

Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R. A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1: 643-644 (1992).

Miyashita Y, Dolferus R, Ismond KP, Good AG. Alanine aminotransferase catalyses the breakdown of alanine after hypoxia in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 49: 1108-1121 (2007).

Monschau N, Stahmann KP, Sahm H, McNeil JB, Bognar AL. Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GLY1 as a threonine aldolase: a key enzyme in glycine biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 150: 55-60 (1997).

Motley A, Lumb MJ, Oatey PB, Jennings PR, De Zoysa PA, Wanders RJ, Tabak HF, Danpure CJ. Mammalian alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 is imported into peroxisomes via the PTS1 translocation pathway. J. Cell Biol. 131: 95-109 (1995).

Muench DG, Archibold OW, Good AG. Hypoxic metabolism in wild rice (Zizania-palustris): enzyme-induction and metabolite production. Physiol. Plant. 89: 165-171 (1993).

Muench DG, Good AG. Hypoxically inducible barley alanine aminotransferase: cDNA cloning and expression analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 417-427 (1994).

Mukorah F, Razunguzwa B, Masola B. Stabilization of rat liver mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase with ethanol and trehalose. Cryobiology 37: 300-308 (1998).

Muller U, van Assema F, Gunsior M, Orf S, Kremer S, Schipper D, Wagemans A, Townsend CA, Sonke T, Bovenberg R, Wubbolts M. Metabolic engineering of the E. coli L-phenylalanine pathway for the production of D-phenylglycine (D-Phg). Metab. Eng. 8: 196-208 (2006).

Nakamura Y, Tolbert NE. Serine: glyoxylate, alanine:glyoxylate, and glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase reactions in peroxisomes from spinach leaves. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 7631-7638 (1983).

Newsholme P, Brennan L, Bender K. Amino acid metabolism, {beta}-cell function, and diabetes. Diabetes 55 Suppl. 2: S39-S47 (2006).

Nierop Groot MN, de Bont JAM. Conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde initiated by an aminotransferase in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3009-3013 (1998).

Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A. Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176: 1093-1099 (1991).

Noguchi T, Fujiwara S. Identification of mammalian aminotransferases utilizing glyoxylate or pyruvate as amino acceptor. Peroxisomal and mitochondrial asparagine aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 182-186 (1988).

Noguchi T, Hayashi S. Plant leaf alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Peroxisomal localization and identity with glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochem. J. 195: 235-239 (1981).

Obungu VH, Kiaira JK, Njogu RM, Olembo NK. Catabolism of proline by procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma congolense. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [B] 123: 59-65 (1999).

Oda T, Nishiyama K, Ichiyama A. Characterization and sequence analysis of rat serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Genomics 17: 59-65 (1993).

Oda T, Uchida C, Miura S. Mitochondrial targeting signal-induced conformational change and repression of the peroxisomal targeting signal of the precursor for rat liver serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 127: 665-671 (2000).

Ohyama T, Matsuda K, Tachibana H, Fujimoto Sakata S, Mori M, Horiuchi M, Tamaki N. Purification and expression of a processing protease on beta-alanine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from rat liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 572: 251-255 (2004).

Okuno E, Minatogawa Y, Nakamura M, Kamoda N, Nakanishi J, Makino M, Kido R. Crystallization and characterization of human liver kynurenine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Identity with alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine:pyruvate aminotransferase. Biochem. J. 189: 581-590 (1980).

Orzechowski S, Socha-Hanc J, Paszkowski A. Alanine aminotransferase and glycine aminotransferase from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Acta Biochim. Pol. 46: 447-457 (1999).

Paszkowski A, Niedzielska A. Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase from the seedlings of rye (Secale cereale L.). Acta Biochim. Pol. 36: 17-29 (1989).

Persson J, Gardestrom P, Nasholm T. Uptake, metabolism and distribution of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources by Pinus sylvestris. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 2651-2659 (2006).

Powell JT, Morrison JF. Enzyme-enzyme interaction and the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 568: 467-474 (1979).

Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ. Molecular evolution of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 intracellular targeting. Analysis of the marmoset and rabbit genes. Eur. J. Biochem. 207: 757-766 (1992).

Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ. Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics 10: 34-42 (1991).

Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ. Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J. Cell Biol. 111: 2341-2351 (1990).

Qu le Q, Takaiwa F. Evaluation of tissue specificity and expression strength of rice seed component gene promoters in transgenic rice. Plant Biotechnol. J. 2: 113-125 (2004).

Ricoult C, Cliquet JB, Limami AM. Stimulation of alanine amino transferase (AlaAT) gene expression and alanine accumulation in embryo axis of the model legume Medicago truncatula contribute to anoxia stress tolerance. Physiol. Plant. 123: 30-39 (2005).

Ricoult C, Echeverria LO, Cliquet JB, Limami AM. Characterization of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) multigene family and hypoxic response in young seedlings of the model legume Medicago truncatula. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 3079-3089 (2006).

Rishavy MA, Cleland WW. 13C and 15N kinetic isotope effects on the reaction of aspartate aminotransferase and the tyrosine-225 to phenylalanine mutant. Biochemistry 39: 7546-7551 (2000).

Saez LP, Castillo F, Caballero FJ. Metabolism of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine by the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Curr. Microbiol. 38: 51-56 (1999).

Sakagishi Y. Alanine aminotransferase. Nippon Rinsho 53: 1146-1150 (1995).

Salido EC, Li XM, Lu Y, Wang X, Santana A, Roy-Chowdhury N, Torres A, Shapiro LJ, Roy-Chowdhury J. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-deficient mice, a model for primary hyperoxaluria that responds to adenoviral gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 18249-18254 (2006).

Salzmann D, Christen P, Mehta PK, Sandmeier E. Rates of evolution of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 270: 576-580 (2000).

Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 7277-7282 (2003).

Sato T, Harada T, Ishizawa K. Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus) turions. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 1847-1856 (2002).

Seebauer JR, Moose SP, Fabbri BJ, Crossland LD, Below FE. Amino acid metabolism in maize earshoots. Implications for assimilate preconditioning and nitrogen signaling. Plant Physiol. 136: 4326-4334 (2004).

Self JT, Spencer TE, Johnson GA, Hu JB, Bazer FW, Wu GY. Glutamine synthesis in the developing porcine placental. Biol. Reprod. 70: 1444-1451 (2004).

Shasi Vardhan K, Pratap Rudra MP, Rao SL. Inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferase by beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid, the Lathyrus sativus neurotoxin. J. Neurochem. 68: 2477-2484 (1997).

Shioi Y, Nagamine M, Sasa T. Purification and properties of L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase from Chlorella regularis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234: 117-124 (1984).

Shrawat AK, Carroll RT, DePauw M, Taylor GJ, Good AG. Genetic engineering of improved nitrogen use efficiency in rice by the tissue-specific expression of alanine aminotransferase. Plant Biotechnol. J. 6: 722-732 (2008).

Straffon MJ, Hynes MJ, Davis MA. Characterization of the ugatA gene of Ustilago maydis, isolated by homology to the gatA gene of Aspergillus nidulans. Curr. Genet. 29: 360-369 (1996).

Sugio S, Kashima A, Kishimoto K, Peisach D, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Yoshimura T, Esaki N. Crystal structures of L201A mutant of D-amino acid aminotransferase at 2.0 A resolution: implication of the structural role of Leu201 in transamination. Protein Eng. 11: 613-619 (1998).

Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ. Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem. J. 268: 517-520 (1990).

Takada Y, Noguchi T. Characteristics of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a regulatory enzyme in the glyoxylate pathway of glycine and serine biosynthesis from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates. Biochem. J. 231: 157-163 (1985).

Tamaki N, Aoyama H, Kubo K, Ikeda T, Hama T. Purification and properties of beta-alanine aminotransferase from rabbit liver. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 92: 1009-1017 (1982).

Thiel J, Muller M, Weschke W, Weber H. Amino acid metabolism at the maternal-filial boundary of young barley seeds: a microdissection-based study. Planta 230: 205-213 (2009).

Tsuji K, Yamasaki K, Yamanishi M, Kawakami M, Shirahama S. Risk of alanine aminotransferase flare-up among asymptomatic hepatitis C virus RNA carriers: A 10-year follow-up study. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16: 536-540 (2001).

Uno S, Kaito M, Kobayashi Y, Ishida S, Kato H, Gabazza E, Tamaki S, Ikoma J, Imoto I, Watanabe S, Adachi Y. Case report: Alanine aminotransferase deficiency detected in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13: 480-482 (1998).

Urrestarazu A, Vissers S, Iraqui I, Grenson M. Phenylalanine- and tyrosine-auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae impaired in transamination. Mol. Gen. Genet. 257: 230-237 (1998).

Vacca RA, Christen P, Malashkevich VN, Jansonius JN, Sandmeier E. Substitution of apolar residues in the active site of aspartate aminotransferase by histidine. Effects on reaction and substrate specificity. Eur. J. Biochem. 227: 481-487 (1995).

Vacca RA, Giannattasio S, Graber R, Sandmeier E, Marra E, Christen P. Active-site Arg --> Lys substitutions alter reaction and substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 21932-21937 (1997).

Vozarova B, Stefan N, Lindsay RS, Saremi A, Pratley RE, Bogardus C, Tataranni PA. High alanine aminotransferase is associated with decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51: 1889-1895 (2002).

Ward DE, Kengen SW, van Der Oost J, de Vos WM. Purification and characterization of the alanine aminotransferase from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon pyrococcus furiosus and its role in alanine production. J. Bacteriol. 182: 2559-2566 (2000).

Watson NR, Peschke VM, Russell DA, Sachs MM. Analysis of L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase isozymes in maize. Biochem. Genet. 30: 371-383 (1992).

Watts RW. Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency: biochemical and molecular genetic lessons from the study of a human disease. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 32: 309-327 (1992).

Wilkie MP, Claude JF, Cockshutt A, Holmes JA, Wang YS, Youson JH, Walsh PJ. Shifting patterns of nitrogen excretion and amino acid catabolism capacity during the life cycle of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 79: 885-898 (2006).

Winiarska K, Bozko P, Lietz T, Bryla J. Importance of glutamate dehydrogenase stimulation for glucose and glutamine synthesis in rabbit renal tubules incubated with various amino acids. Acta Biochim. Pol. 45: 825-831 (1998).

Wu SP, Liu C, Hwang TS, Chen JT, Tsai H. Improving the catalytic activity of phenylalanine aminotransferase of Escherichia coli by site-specific mutation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 864: 561-564 (1998).

Xie G, Bonner CA, Jensen RA. A probable mixed-function supraoperon in Pseudomonas exhibits gene organization features of both intergenomic conservation and gene shuffling. J. Mol. Evol. 49: 108-121 (1999).

Xue HH, Fujie M, Sakaguchi T, Oda T, Ogawa H, Kneer NM, Lardy HA, Ichiyama A. Flux of the L-serine metabolism in rat liver. The predominant contribution of serine dehydratase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 16020-16027 (1999).

Xue HH, Sakaguchi T, Fujie M, Ogawa H, Ichiyama A. Flux of the L-serine metabolism in rabbit, human, and dog livers. Substantial contributions of both mitochondrial and peroxisomal serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 16028-16033 (1999).

Yang SQ, Koteish A, Lin HZ, Huang JW, Roskams T, Dawson V, Diehl AM. Oval cells compensate for damage and replicative senescence of mature hepatocytes in mice with fatty liver disease. Hepatology 39: 403-411 (2004).

Yee J, Dennis PP. Isolation and characterization of a NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from the primitive eucaryote Giardia lamblia. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 7539-7544 (1992).

Yonaha K, Suzuki K, Toyama S. Streptomyces beta-alanine alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase, a novel omega-amino acid transaminase: purification, crystallization, and enzymologic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 3265-3268 (1985).

Zwingmann C, Richter-Landsberg C, Leibfritz D. 13C isotopomer analysis of glucose and alanine metabolism reveals cytosolic pyruvate compartmentation as part of energy metabolism in astrocytes. Glia 34: 200-212 (2001).

Number of references = 148