Abell LM, Villafranca JJ 1991 Effect of metal ions and adenylylation state on the internal thermodynamics of phosphoryl transfer in the Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase reaction. Biochemistry 30: 1413-1418.

Adler SP, Purich D, Stadtman ER 1975 Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Properties of the PII regulatory protein and the uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 6264-6272.

Aghajanian S, Worrall DM 2002 Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase bifunctional enzyme (CoA synthase). Biochem. J. 365: 13-18.

Antonyuk LP, Smirnova VE, Kamnev AA, Serebrennikova OB, Vanoni MA, Zanetti G, Kudelina IA, Sokolov OI, Ignatov VV 2001 Influence of divalent cations on the catalytic properties and secondary structure of unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Azospirillum brasilense. Biometals 14: 13-22.

Arcondeguy T, Huez I, Tillard P, Gangneux C, de Billy F, Gojon A, Truchet G, Kahn D 1997 The Rhizobium meliloti PII protein, which controls bacterial nitrogen metabolism, affects alfalfa nodule development. Genes Dev. 11: 1194-1206.

Armengaud J, Fernandez B, Chaumont V, Rollin-Genetet F, Finet S, Marchetti C, Myllykallio H, Vidaud C, Pellequer JL, Gribaldo S, Forterre P, Gans P 2003 Identification, purification, and characterization of an eukaryotic-like phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 31078-31087.

Atkins WM 1994 Supramolecular self-assembly of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: effects of pressure and adenylylation state on dodecamer stacking. Biochemistry 33: 14965-14973.

Atkins WM, Cader BM, Hemmingsen J, Villafranca JJ 1993 Time-resolved fluorescence and computational studies of adenylylated glutamine synthetase: analysis of intersubunit interactions. Protein Sci. 2: 800-813.

Atkins WM, Villafranca JJ 1992 Time-resolved fluorescence studies of tryptophan mutants of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase: conformational analysis of intermediates and transition-state complexes. Protein Sci. 1: 342-355.

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1999 Characterization of the GlnK protein of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 32: 301-313.

Atkinson MR, Ninfa AJ 1998 Role of the GlnK signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 431-447.

Bancroft S, Rhee SG, Neumann C, Kustu S 1978 Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 134: 1046-1055.

Bascaran V, Hardisson C, Brana AF 1989 Regulation of nitrogen catabolic enzymes in Streptomyces clavuligerus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 2465-2474.

Berberich MA 1985 Effect of some D-amino acids on the steady-state level of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 163: 1109-1113.

Berendt U, Haverkamp T, Prior A, Schwenn JD 1995 Reaction mechanism of thioredoxin: 3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 347-356.

Berlett BS, Friguet B, Yim MB, Chock PB, Stadtman ER 1996 Peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues in Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase mimics adenylylation: relevance to signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 1776-1780.

Berlett BS, Levine RL, Stadtman ER 1998 Carbon dioxide stimulates peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues and inhibits oxidation of methionine residues of glutamine synthetase: both modifications mimic effects of adenylylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2784-2789.

Bibart RT, Vogel KW, Drueckhammer DG 1999 Development of a second generation Coenzyme A analogue synthon. J. Org. Chem. 64: 2903-2909.

Bick JA, Aslund F, Chen Y, Leustek T 1998 Glutaredoxin function for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 8404-8409.

Bick JA, Dennis JJ, Zylstra GJ, Nowack J, Leustek T 2000 Identification of a new class of 5'-adenylylsulfate (APS) reductases from sulfate-assimilating bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 182: 135-142.

Bick JA, Leustek T 1998 Plant sulfur metabolism - the reduction of sulfate to sulfite. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1: 240-244.

Bick JA, Setterdahl AT, Knaff DB, Chen Y, Pitcher LH, Zilinskas BA, Leustek T 2001 Regulation of the plant-type 5'-adenylyl sulfate reductase by oxidative stress. Biochemistry 40: 9040-9048.

Bloom FR, Levin MS, Foor F, Tyler B 1978 Regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase. J. Bacteriol. 134: 569-577.

Brown JR, Masuchi Y, Robb FT, Doolittle WF 1994 Evolutionary relationships of bacterial and archaeal glutamine synthetase genes. J. Mol. Evol. 38: 566-576.

Brown MS, Segal A, Stadtman ER 1971 Modulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation and deadenylylation is mediated by metabolic transformation of the P II -regulatory protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68: 2949-2953.

Bruggeman FJ, Boogerd FC, Westerhoff HV 2005 The multifarious short-term regulation of ammonium assimilation of Escherichia coli: dissection using an in silico replica. FEBS J. 272: 1965-1985.

Bueno R, Pahel G, Magasanik B 1985 Role of glnB and glnD gene products in regulation of the glnALG operon of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 164: 816-822.

Caban CE, Ginsburg A 1976 Glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli: purification and physical and chemical properties. Biochemistry 15: 1569-1580.

Chang C, Meyerowitz EM 1986 Molecular cloning and DNA sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 1408-1412.

Cheah E, Carr PD, Suffolk PM, Vasudevan SG, Dixon NE, Ollis DL 1994 Structure of the Escherichia coli signal transducing protein PII. Structure 2: 981-990.

Chung HK, Rhee SG 1984 Separation of glutamine synthetase species with different states of adenylylation by chromatography on monoclonal anti-AMP antibody affinity columns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 4677-4681.

Coker JS, Vian A, Davies E 2005 Identification, accumulation, and functional prediction of novel tomato transcripts systemically upregulated after fire damage. Physiol. Plant. 124: 311-322.

Colnaghi R, Rudnick P, He L, Green A, Yan D, Larson E, Kennedy C 2001 Lethality of glnD null mutations in Azotobacter vinelandii is suppressible by prevention of glutamine synthetase adenylylation. Microbiology 147: 1267-1276.

Colombo G, Villafranca JJ 1986 Amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase deduced from the DNA nucleotide sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 10587-10591.

Dabrowski MJ, Dietze EC, Atkins WM 1996 Engineering the aggregation properties of dodecameric glutamine synthetase: a single amino acid substitution controls 'salting out'. Protein Eng. 9: 291-298.

Dabrowski MJ, Yanchunas J Jr, Villafranca BC, Dietze EC, Schurke P, Atkins WM 1994 Supramolecular self-assembly of glutamine synthetase: mutagenesis of a novel intermolecular metal binding site required for dodecamer stacking. Biochemistry 33: 14957-14964.

Dahl C 1996 Insertional gene inactivation in a phototrophic sulphur bacterium: APS-reductase-deficient mutants of Chromatium vinosum. Microbiology 142: 3363-3372.

Dahlquist FW, Purich DL 1975 Regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Evidence for the action of some feedback modifiers at the active site of the unadenylylated enzyme. Biochemistry 14: 1980-1989.

Dan H, Yang G, Zheng ZL 2007 A negative regulatory role for auxin in sulphate deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 221-235.

Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A 2002 Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 21431-21439.

de Zamaroczy M, Delorme F, Elmerich C 1990 Characterization of three different nitrogen-regulated promoter regions for the expression of glnB and glnA in Azospirillum brasilense. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 421-430.

de Zamaroczy M, Paquelin A, Peltre G, Forchhammer K, Elmerich C 1996 Coexistence of two structurally similar but functionally different PII proteins in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 178: 4143-4149.

Edwards R, Merrick M 1995 The role of uridylyltransferase in the control of Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene regulation. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247: 189-198.

Ely B, Amarasinghe AB, Bender RA 1978 Ammonia assimilation and glutamate formation in Caulobacter crescentus. J. Bacteriol. 133: 225-230.

Emond D, Rondeau N, Cedergren RJ 1979 Distinctive properties of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Can. J. Biochem. 57: 843-851.

Eom SJ, Ahn HJ, Kim HW, Baek SH, Suh SW 2003 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 59: 561-562.

Fink D, Falke D, Wohlleben W, Engels A 1999 Nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): modification of glutamine synthetase I by an adenylyltransferase. Microbiology 145: 2313-2322.

Fisher R, Tuli R, Haselkorn R 1981 A cloned cyanobacterial gene for glutamine synthetase functions in Escherichia coli, but the enzyme is not adenylylated. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 3393-3397.

Fisher SH 1992 Glutamine synthesis in Streptomyces--a review. Gene 115: 13-17.

Fisher SH, Wray LV Jr 1989 Regulation of glutamine synthetase in Streptomyces coelicolor. J. Bacteriol. 171: 2378-2383.

Foor F, Cedergren RJ, Streicher SL, Rhee SG, Magasanik B 1978 Glutamine synthetase of Klebsiella aerogenes: properties of glnD mutants lacking uridylyltransferase. J. Bacteriol. 134: 562-568.

Foor F, Janssen KA, Magasanik B 1975 Regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 4844-4848.

Foor F, Reuveny Z, Magasanik B 1980 Regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase by the PII protein in Klebsiella aerogenes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 2636-2640.

Forchhammer K, Hedler A, Strobel H, Weiss V 1999 Heterotrimerization of PII-like signalling proteins: implications for PII-mediated signal transduction systems. Mol. Microbiol. 33: 338-349.

Foster R, Thorner J, Martin GS 1989 Nucleotidylation, not phosphorylation, is the major source of the phosphotyrosine detected in enteric bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 171: 272-279.

Foster WB, Griffith MJ, Kingdon HS 1981 Affinity labeling of the active site of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 882-886.

Fritz G, Buchert T, Huber H, Stetter KO, Kroneck PMH 2000 Adenylylsulfate reductases from archaea and bacteria are 1 : 1 alpha beta-heterodimeric iron-sulfur flavoenzymes - high similarity of molecular properties emphasizes their central role in sulfur metabolism. FEBS Lett. 473: 63-66.

Fulks RM, Stadtman ER 1985 Regulation of glutamine synthetase, aspartokinase, and total protein turnover in Klebsiella aerogenes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 843: 214-229.

Funanage VL, Brenchley JE 1977 Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity. Genetics 86: 513-526.

Gaillardin CM, Magasanik B 1978 Involvement of the product of the glnF gene in the autogenous regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 133: 1329-1338.

Gao Y, Schofield OM, Leustek T 2000 Characterization of sulfate assimilation in marine algae focusing on the enzyme 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Plant Physiol. 123: 1087-1096.

Garcia E, Bancroft S, Rhee SG, Kustu S 1977 The product of a newly identified gene, glnF, is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1662-1666.

Garcia-Dominguez M, Reyes JC, Florencio FJ 1999 Glutamine synthetase inactivation by protein-protein interaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96: 7161-7166.

Geerlof A, Lewendon A, Shaw WV 1999 Purification and characterization of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 27105-27111.

Gerdes SY, Kurnasov OV, Shatalin K, Polanuyer B, Sloutsky R, Vonstein V, Overbeek R, Osterman AL 2006 Comparative genomics of NAD biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3012-3023.

Gerdes SY, Scholle MD, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Baev MV, Farrell M, Kurnasov OV, Daugherty MD, Mseeh F, Polanuyer BM, Campbell JW, Anantha S, Shatalin KY, Chowdhury SA, Fonstein MY, Osterman AL 2002 From genetic footprinting to antimicrobial drug targets: examples in cofactor biosynthetic pathways. J. Bacteriol. 184: 4555-4572.

Gill HS, Pfluegl GM, Eisenberg D 2002 Multicopy crystallographic refinement of a relaxed glutamine synthetase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis highlights flexible loops in the enzymatic mechanism and its regulation. Biochemistry 41: 9863-9872.

Ginsburg A, Gorman EG, Neece SH, Blackburn MB 1987 Thermodynamics of active-site ligand binding to Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 26: 5989-5996.

Hammarstrom A, Soliman A, Nordlund S 1991 Low- and high-activity forms of glutamine synthetase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: sensitivity to feed-back effectors and activation of the low-activity form. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1080: 259-263.

Harth G, Maslesa-Galic S, Tullius MV, Horwitz MA 2005 All four Mycobacterium tuberculosis glnA genes encode glutamine synthetase activities but only GlnA1 is abundantly expressed and essential for bacterial homeostasis. Mol. Microbiol. 58: 1157-1172.

Hatzfeld Y, Lee S, Lee M, Leustek T, Saito K 2000 Functional characterization of a gene encoding a fourth ATP sulfurylase isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 248: 51-58.

Haverkamp T, Schwenn JD 1999 Structure and function of a cysBJIH gene cluster in the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Microbiology 145: 115-125.

Heacock AM, Foster DJ, Fisher SK 2006 Prostanoid receptors regulate the volume-sensitive efflux of osmolytes from murine fibroblasts via a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319: 963-971.

Hillemann D, Dammann T, Hillemann A, Wohlleben W 1993 Genetic and biochemical characterization of the two glutamine synthetases GSI and GSII of the phosphinothricyl-alanyl-alanine producer, streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu494. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 1773-1783.

Hosted TJ, Rochefort DA, Benson DR 1993 Close linkage of genes encoding glutamine synthetases I and II in Frankia alni CpI1. J. Bacteriol. 175: 3679-3684.

Ishino Y, Morgenthaler P, Hottinger H, Soll D 1992 Organization and nucleotide sequence of the glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3165-3169.

Izard T 2003 A novel adenylate binding site confers phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase interactions with coenzyme A. J. Bacteriol. 185: 4074-4080.

Izard T 2002 The crystal structures of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase with bound substrates reveal the enzyme's catalytic mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 315: 487-495.

Izard T, Geerlof A 1999 The crystal structure of a novel bacterial adenylyltransferase reveals half of sites reactivity. EMBO J. 18: 2021-2030.

Izard T, Geerlof A, Lewendon A, Barker JJ 1999 Cubic crystals of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 55: 1226-1228.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1984 Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 158: 115-120.

Jaggi R, van Heeswijk WC, Westerhoff HV, Ollis DL, Vasudevan SG 1997 The two opposing activities of adenylyl transferase reside in distinct homologous domains, with intramolecular signal transduction. EMBO J. 16: 5562-5571.

Jain A, Leustek T 1994 A cDNA clone for 5'-adenylylphosphosulfate kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 105: 771-772.

Jakoby M, Kramer R, Burkovski A 1999 Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: isolation of genes involved and biochemical characterization of corresponding proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 303-310.

Jamai A, Gaillard C, Delrot S, Martinoia E 1995 Dipeptide transport in barley mesophyll vacuoles. Planta 196: 430-433.

Janssen DB, Habets WJ, Marugg JT, Van Der Drift C 1982 Nitrogen control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mutants affected in the synthesis of glutamine synthetase, urease, and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 151: 22-28.

Janssen DB, op den Camp HJ, Leenen PJ, van der Drift C 1980 The enzymes of the ammonia assimilation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch. Microbiol. 124: 197-203.

Jiang P, Mayo AE, Ninfa AJ 2007 Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49): kinetic characterization of regulation by PII, PII-UMP, glutamine, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Biochemistry 46: 4133-4146.

Jiang P, Peliska JA, Ninfa AJ 1998 The regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase revisited: role of 2-ketoglutarate in the regulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation state. Biochemistry 37: 12802-12810.

Jiang P, Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ 2007 Structure-function analysis of glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49) of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 46: 4117-4132.

Jiang P, Zucker P, Atkinson MR, Kamberov ES, Tirasophon W, Chandran P, Schefke BR, Ninfa AJ 1997 Structure/function analysis of the PII signal transduction protein of Escherichia coli: genetic separation of interactions with protein receptors. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4342-4353.

Jiang P, Zucker P, Ninfa AJ 1997 Probing interactions of the homotrimeric PII signal transduction protein with its receptors by use of PII heterotrimers formed in vitro from wild-type and mutant subunits. J. Bacteriol. 179: 4354-4360.

Johansson M, Nordlund S 1999 Purification of P(II) and P(II)-UMP and in vitro studies of regulation of glutamine synthetase in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6524-6529.

Jonsson A, Teixeira PF, Nordlund S 2007 The activity of adenylyltransferase in Rhodospirillum rubrum is only affected by alpha-ketoglutarate and unmodified PII proteins, but not by glutamine, in vitro. FEBS J. 274: 2449-2460.

Kameya M, Arai H, Ishii M, Igarashi Y 2006 Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 102: 311-315.

Kamnev AA, Antonyuk LP, Smirnova VE, Kulikov LA, Perfiliev YD, Kudelina IA, Kuzmann E, Vertes A 2004 Structural characterization of glutamine synthetase from Azospirillum brasilense. Biopolymers 74: 64-68.

Kappler U, Dahl C 2001 Enzymology and molecular biology of prokaryotic sulfite oxidation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203: 1-9.

Kim IH, Kwak SJ, Kang J, Park SC 1998 Transcriptional control of the glnD gene is not dependent on nitrogen availability in Escherichia coli. Mol. Cells 8: 483-490.

Kimura K, Kaizu Y, Matsuoka K, Nakano Y 1986 The conversion of native adenylylated glutamine synthetase into phosphotyrosine enzyme by micrococcal nuclease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137: 716-721.

Kimura K, Matsuoka K, Kobayashi H 1986 Regulation and properties of the glutamine synthetase purified from Photobacterium phosphoreum. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 99: 111-117.

Kimura K, Nakano Y, Matsuoka K 1989 O-Phosphotyrosyl glutamine synthetase: modification of the nucleotide ligation site of adenylylated glutamine synthetase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 105: 84-87.

Kimura K, Sugano S, Funae A, Nakano Y 1991 Characterization of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase by limited proteolysis. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 110: 526-531.

Kimura K, Suzuki H, Nakano Y 1988 Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by phosphorylation instead of by adenylylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 155: 1133-1138.

Kimura K, Yagi K, Matsuoka K 1984 Regulation of Mycobacterium smegmatis glutamine synthetase by adenylylation. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 95: 1559-1567.

Kleinschmidt JA, Kleiner D 1978 The glutamine synthetase from Azotobacter vinelandii: purification, characterization, regulation and localization. Eur. J. Biochem. 89: 51-60.

Kremeckova H, Svrcula B, Mikes V 1992 Purification and some properties of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase from Paracoccus denitrificans. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1587-1591.

Krone FA, Westphal G, Schwenn JD 1991 Characterisation of the gene cysH and of its product phospho-adenylylsulphate reductase from Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 225: 314-319.

Krupa A, Sandhya K, Srinivasan N, Jonnalagadda S 2003 A conserved domain in prokaryotic bifunctional FAD synthetases can potentially catalyze nucleotide transfer. Trends Biochem. Sci. 28: 9-12.

Kupke T, Hernandez-Acosta P, Culianez-Macia FA 2003 4'-Phosphopantetheine and coenzyme A biosynthesis in plants. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 38229-38237.

Kustu S, Hirschman J, Burton D, Jelesko J, Meeks JC 1984 Covalent modification of bacterial glutamine synthetase: physiological significance. Mol. Gen. Genet. 197: 309-317.

Kustu SG, McKereghan K 1975 Mutations affecting glutamine synthetase activity in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 122: 1006-1016.

Lee S, Leustek T 1998 APS kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana: genomic organization, expression, and kinetic analysis of the recombinant enzyme. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247: 171-175.

Lepo JE, Stacey G, Wyss O, Tabita FR 1979 The purification of glutamine synthetase from Azotobacter and other procaryotes by blue sepharose chromatography. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 568: 428-436.

Leustek T, Saito K 1999 Sulfate transport and assimilation in plants. Plant Physiol. 120: 637-644.

Levine RL 1983 Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. II. Characterization of the ascorbate model system. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 11828-11833.

Li C, Peck HD Jr, Przybyla AE 1987 Cloning of the 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate reductase and sulfite reductase genes from Escherichia coli K-12. Gene 53: 227-234.

Liaw SH, Jun G, Eisenberg D 1994 Interactions of nucleotides with fully unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium. Biochemistry 33: 11184-11188.

Liaw SH, Pan C, Eisenberg D 1993 Feedback inhibition of fully unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium by glycine, alanine, and serine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 4996-5000.

Lillig CH, Prior A, Schwenn JD, Aslund F, Ritz D, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Holmgren A 1999 New thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as electron donors of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 7695-7698.

Little R, Colombo V, Leech A, Dixon R 2002 Direct interaction of the NifL regulatory protein with the GlnK signal transducer enables the Azotobacter vinelandii NifL-NifA regulatory system to respond to conditions replete for nitrogen. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 15472-15481.

Loeffler C, Berger S, Guy A, Durand T, Bringmann G, Dreyer M, von Rad U, Durner J, Mueller MJ 2005 B1-phytoprostanes trigger plant defense and detoxification responses. Plant Physiol. 137: 328-340.

Luo S, Kim G, Levine RL 2005 Mutation of the adenylylated tyrosine of glutamine synthetase alters its catalytic properties. Biochemistry 44: 9441-9446.

MacRae IJ, Rose AB, Segel IH 1998 Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase from Penicillium chrysogenum. site-directed mutagenesis at putative phosphoryl-accepting and ATP P-loop residues. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 28583-28589.

Mangum JH, Magni G, Stadtman ER 1973 Regulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation and deadenylylation by the enzymatic uridylylation and deuridylylation of the PII regulatory protein. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 158: 514-525.

Masuda S, Ono TA 2004 Biochemical characterization of the major adenylyl cyclase, Cya1, in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 577: 255-258.

Maurizi MR, Ginsburg A 1982 Reactivation of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli after auto-inactivation with L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, ATP, and Mn2+. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 4271-4278.

Maurizi MR, Ginsburg A 1986 Adenosine 5'-triphosphate analogues as structural probes for Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 25: 131-140.

McCoy JG, Arabshahi A, Bitto E, Bingman CA, Ruzicka FJ, Frey PA, Phillips GN Jr 2006 Structure and mechanism of an ADP-glucose phosphorylase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 45: 3154-3162.

Mehta R, Pearson JT, Mahajan S, Nath A, Hickey MJ, Sherman DR, Atkins WM 2004 Adenylylation and catalytic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli versus mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 22477-22482.

Merida A, Candau P, Florencio FJ 1991 In vitro reactivation of in vivo ammonium-inactivated glutamine synthetase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 181: 780-786.

Merida A, Candau P, Florencio FJ 1991 Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by the nitrogen source: effect of ammonium. J. Bacteriol. 173: 4095-4100.

Meyer JM, Stadtman ER 1986 Adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase and permeability properties of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 246: 622-632.

Meyer JM, Stadtman ER 1981 Glutamine synthetase of pseudomonads: some biochemical and physicochemical properties. J. Bacteriol. 146: 705-712.

Michel-Reydellet N, Desnoues N, Elmerich C, Kaminski PA 1997 Characterization of Azorhizobium caulinodans glnB and glnA genes: involvement of the P(II) protein in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. J. Bacteriol. 179: 3580-3587.

Michel-Reydellet N, Kaminski PA 1999 Azorhizobium caulinodans PII and GlnK proteins control nitrogen fixation and ammonia assimilation. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2655-2658.

Montoya G, Svensson C, Savage H, Schwenn JD, Sinning I 1998 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of phospho-adenylylsulfate (PAPS) reductase from E. coli. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 54: 281-283.

Munoz-Centeno MC, Cejudo FJ, Paneque A 1994 In vivo modification of Azotobacter chroococcum glutamine synthetase. Biochem. J. 298: 641-645.

Mura U, Stadtman ER 1981 Glutamine synthetase adenylylation in permeabilized cells of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 13014-13021.

Mutalik VK, Shah P, Venkatesh KV 2003 Allosteric interactions and bifunctionality make the response of glutamine synthetase cascade system of Escherichia coli robust and ultrasensitive. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 26327-26332.

Nakamura K, Stadtman ER 1984 Oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 2011-2015.

Nandineni MR, Laishram RS, Gowrishankar J 2004 Osmosensitivity associated with insertions in argP (iciA) or glnE in glutamate synthase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6391-6399.

Niehaus A, Gisselmann G, Schwenn JD 1992 Primary structure of the Synechococcus PCC 7942 PAPS reductase gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1179-1183.

Nolden L, Farwick M, Kramer R, Burkovski A 2001 Glutamine synthetases of Corynebacterium glutamicum: transcriptional control and regulation of activity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 201: 91-98.

Ntefidou M, Iseki M, Watanabe M, Lebert M, Hader DP 2003 Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase controls phototaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Plant Physiol. 133: 1517-1521.

Orr J, Haselkorn R 1982 Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity and synthesis in free-living and symbiotic Anabaena spp. J. Bacteriol. 152: 626-635.

Orr J, Keefer LM, Keim P, Nguyen TD, Wellems T, Heinrikson RL, Haselkorn R 1981 Purification, physical characterization, and NH2-terminal sequence of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 13091-13098.

Parent CA, Devreotes PN 1996 Molecular genetics of signal transduction in Dictyostelium. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 411-440.

Pashley CA, Brown AC, Robertson D, Parish T 2006 Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis GlnE promoter and its response to nitrogen availability. Microbiology 152: 2727-2734.

Penyige A, Kalmanczhelyi A, Sipos A, Ensign JC, Barabas G 1994 Modification of glutamine synthetase in Streptomyces griseus by ADP-ribosylation and adenylylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 204: 598-605.

Persuhn DC, Souza EM, Steffens MB, Pedrosa FO, Yates MG, Rigo LU 2000 The transcriptional activator NtrC controls the expression and activity of glutamine synthetase in Herbaspirillum seropedicae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 192: 217-221.

Pesole G, Gissi C, Lanave C, Saccone C 1995 Glutamine synthetase gene evolution in bacteria. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12: 189-197.

Phartiyal P, Kim WS, Cahoon RE, Jez JM, Krishnan HB 2007 The role of 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase in the sulfur assimilation pathway of soybean: molecular cloning, kinetic characterization, and gene expression. Phytochemistry Aug 28 [Epub ahead of print].

Pinkofsky HB, Ginsburg A, Reardon I, Heinrikson RL 1984 Lysyl residue 47 is near the subunit ATP-binding site of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 9616-9622.

Pons G, Raefsky-Estrin C, Carothers DJ, Pepin RA, Javed AA, Jesse BW, Ganapathi MK, Samols D, Patel MS 1988 Cloning and cDNA sequence of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component human alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85: 1422-1426.

Prior A, Uhrig JF, Heins L, Wiesmann A, Lillig CH, Stoltze C, Soll J, Schwenn JD 1999 Structural and kinetic properties of adenylyl sulfate reductase from Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1430: 25-38.

Rato C, Monteiro D, Hepler PK, Malho R 2004 Calmodulin activity and cAMP signalling modulate growth and apical secretion in pollen tubes. Plant J. 38: 887-897.

Ravina CG, Chang CI, Tsakraklides GP, McDermott JP, Vega JM, Leustek T, Gotor C, Davies JP 2002 The sac mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveal transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of cysteine biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 130: 2076-2084.

Read R, Pashley CA, Smith D, Parish T 2007 The role of GlnD in ammonia assimilation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 87: 384-390.

Reitzer L 2003 Nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in Escherichia coli. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 57: 155-176.

Reuther J, Wohlleben W 2007 Nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor: transcriptional and post-translational regulation. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 139-146.

Reuveny Z, Foor F, Magasanik B 1981 Regulation of glutamine synthetase by regulatory protein PII in Klebsiella aerogenes mutants lacking adenylyltransferase. J. Bacteriol. 146: 740-745.

Rexer HU, Schaberle T, Wohlleben W, Engels A 2006 Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch. Microbiol. 186: 447-458.

Reynaldo LP, Villafranca JJ, Horrocks WD Jr 1996 Investigating the effects of posttranslational adenylylation on the metal binding sites of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase using lanthanide luminescence spectroscopy. Protein Sci. 5: 2532-2544.

Rhee SG, Chock PB 1976 Mechanistic studies of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli: kinetic evidence for two reaction intermediates in biosynthetic reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 476-480.

Rhee SG, Chock PB, Stadtman ER 1976 Mechanistic studies of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. An integrated mechanism for biosynthesis, transferase, ATPase reaction. Biochimie 58: 35-49.

Rhee SG, Chock PB, Wedler FC, Sugiyama Y 1981 Subunit interaction in unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Evidence from methionine sulfoximine inhibition studies. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 644-648.

Rhee SG, Park SC, Koo JH 1985 The role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 27: 221-232.

Rhee SG, Ubom GA, Hunt JB, Chock PB 1981 Fluorometric studies of aza-epsilon-adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 6010-6016.

Rhee SG, Ubom GA, Hunt JB, Chock PB 1982 Catalytic cycle of the biosynthetic reaction catalyzed by adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 289-297.

Rivett AJ 1985 Preferential degradation of the oxidatively modified form of glutamine synthetase by intracellular mammalian proteases. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 300-305.

Rivett AJ, Roseman JE, Oliver CN, Levine RL, Stadtman ER 1985 Covalent modification of proteins by mixed-function oxidation: recognition by intracellular proteases. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 180: 317-328.

Rotte C, Leustek T 2000 Differential subcellular localization and expression of ATP sulfurylase and 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase during ontogenesis of Arabidopsis leaves indicates that cytosolic and plastid forms of ATP sulfurylase may have specialized functions. Plant Physiol. 124: 715-724.

Rudnick P, Kunz C, Gunatilaka MK, Hines ER, Kennedy C 2002 Role of GlnK in NifL-mediated regulation of NifA activity in Azotobacter vinelandii. J. Bacteriol. 184: 812-820.

Savage H, Montoya G, Svensson C, Schwenn JD, Sinning I 1997 Crystal structure of phosphoadenylyl sulphate (PAPS) reductase: a new family of adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases. Structure 5: 895-906.

Schwenn JD, Krone FA, Husmann K 1988 Yeast PAPS reductase: properties and requirements of the purified enzyme. Arch. Microbiol. 150: 313-319.

Senior PJ 1975 Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes: studies with the continuous-culture technique. J. Bacteriol. 123: 407-418.

Setya A, Murillo M, Leustek T 1996 Sulfate reduction in higher plants: molecular evidence for a novel 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 13383-13388.

Shaltiel S, Adler SP, Purich D, Caban C, Senior P, Stadtman ER 1975 Omega-aminoalkyl agaroses in the resolution of enzymes involved in regulation of glutamine metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 3397-3401.

Shapiro BM, Kingdon HS, Stadtman ER 1967 Regulation of glutamine synthetase. VII. Adenylyl glutamine synthetase: a new form of the enzyme with altered regulatory and kinetic properties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58: 642-649.

Shapiro BM, Stadtman ER 1968 5'-Adenylyl-O-tyrosine. The novel phosphodiester residue of adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 3769-3771.

Shu S, Mahadeo DC, Liu X, Liu W, Parent CA, Korn ED 2006 S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is localized at the front of chemotaxing cells, suggesting a role for transmethylation during migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103: 19788-19793.

Son HS, Rhee SG 1987 Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Purification and properties of PII protein and nucleotide sequence of its structural gene. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 8690-8695.

Srivastava A, Tripathi AK 2006 Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase and adenylylation of glutamine synthetase control ammonia excretion in ethylenediamine-resistant mutants of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Curr. Microbiol. 53: 317-323.

Stadtman ER, Hohman RJ, Davis JN, Wittenberger M, Chock PB, Rhee SG 1980 Subunit interaction of adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Mol. Biol. Biochem. Biophys. 32: 144-156.

Stokes BO, Boyer PD 1976 Rapid transfer of oxygens from inorganic phosphate to glutamine catalyzed by Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 251: 5558-5564.

Streicher SL, Tyler B 1981 Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by adenylylation in the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces cattleya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 229-233.

Strosser J, Ludke A, Schaffer S, Kramer R, Burkovski A 2004 Regulation of GlnK activity: modification, membrane sequestration and proteolysis as regulatory principles in the network of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol. Microbiol. 54: 132-147.

Tahiliani AG, Beinlich CJ 1991 Pantothenic acid in health and disease. Vitam. Horm. 46: 165-228.

Thomas D, Barbey R, Surdin-Kerjan Y 1990 Gene-enzyme relationship in the sulfate assimilation pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Study of the 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase structural gene. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 15518-15524.

Todhunter JA, Purich DL 1975 Use of the sodium borohydride reduction technique to identify a gamma-glutamyl phosphate intermediary in the Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 3505-3509.

Tsakraklides G, Martin M, Chalam R, Tarczynski MC, Schmidt A, Leustek T 2002 Sulfate reduction is increased in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plant J. 32: 879-889.

Ubom GA, Hunt JB, Timmons RB 1989 Spin-labeled analogues of ATP, ADP and AMP: substitutes for normal nucleotides in biochemical systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 997: 1-8.

Upchurch RG, Elkan GH 1978 The role of ammonia, L-glutamate, and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the regulation of ammonia assimilation in Rhizobium japonicum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 538: 244-248.

Ureta A, Nordlund S 2001 Glutamine synthetase from Acetobacter diazotrophicus: properties and regulation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 202: 177-180.

Uria-Nickelsen MR, Leadbetter ER, Godchaux W 3d 1993 Sulfonate-sulfur assimilation by yeasts resembles that of bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 114: 73-77.

van Heeswijk WC, Hoving S, Molenaar D, Stegeman B, Kahn D, Westerhoff HV 1996 An alternative PII protein in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 21: 133-146.

van Heeswijk WC, Rabenberg M, Westerhoff HV, Kahn D 1993 The genes of the glutamine synthetase adenylylation cascade are not regulated by nitrogen in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 9: 443-457.

van Heeswijk WC, Stegeman B, Hoving S, Molenaar D, Kahn D, Westerhoff HV 1995 An additional PII in Escherichia coli: a new regulatory protein in the glutamine synthetase cascade. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 132: 153-157.

van Heeswijk WC, Wen D, Clancy P, Jaggi R, Ollis DL, Westerhoff HV, Vasudevan SG 2000 The Escherichia coli signal transducers PII (GlnB) and GlnK form heterotrimers in vivo: fine tuning the nitrogen signal cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 3942-3947.

Varon-Castellanos R, Havsteen BH, Garcia-Moreno M, Valero-Ruiz E, Molina-Alarcon M, Garcia-Canovas F 1993 Time course of the uridylylation and adenylylation states in the glutamine synthetase bicyclic cascade. Biochem. J. 294: 813-819.

Villafranca JJ, Ash DE, Wedler FC 1976 Manganese(II) and substrate interaction with unadenylylated glutamine synthetase (Escherichia coli w). I. Temperature and frequency dependent nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Biochemistry 15: 536-543.

Wedler FC, Shreve DS, Kenney RM, Ashour AE, Carfi J, Rhee SG 1980 Two glutamine synthetases from Bacillus caldolyticus, an extreme thermophile. Isolation, physicochemical and kinetic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 9507-9516.

Willard FS, Kimple RJ, Siderovski DP 2004 Return of the GDI: the GoLoco motif in cell division. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73: 925-951.

Witmer MR, Palmieri-Young D, Villafranca JJ 1994 Probing the catalytic roles of n2-site glutamate residues in Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by mutagenesis. Protein Sci. 3: 1746-1759.

Woehle DL, Lueddecke BA, Ludden PW 1990 ATP-dependent and NAD-dependent modification of glutamine synthetase from Rhodospirillum rubrum in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 13741-13749.

Worrall DM, Tubbs PK 1983 A bifunctional enzyme complex in coenzyme A biosynthesis: purification of pantetheine phosphate adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase. Biochem. J. 215: 153-157.

Wray LV Jr, Atkinson MR, Fisher SH 1991 Identification and cloning of the glnR locus, which is required for transcription of the glnA gene in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J. Bacteriol. 173: 7351-7360.

Xia TH, Jiao RS 1986 Studies on glutamine synthetase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. jinggangensis. Sci. Sin. [B] 29: 379-388.

Xu Y, Wen D, Brown C, Chen CJ, Carr PD, Ollis DL, Vasudevan SG 2005 Expression, purification and crystallization of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli adenylyltransferase. Acta Crystallograph. Sect. F. Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 61: 663-665.

Xu Y, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Carr PD, Huber T, Vasudevan SG, Ollis DL 2004 Structure of the N-terminal domain of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase. Structure (Camb.) 12: 861-869.

Xu YB, Wen DY, Clancy P, Carr PD, Ollis DL, Vasudevan SG 2004 Expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain of Escherichia coli adenylyl transferase. Protein Expr. Purif. 34: 142-146.

Yagi T, Ogata M 1996 Catalytic properties of adenylylsulfate reductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki. Biochimie 78: 838-846.

Yamamoto S, Wakayama M, Tachiki T 2006 Cloning and expression of Pseudomonas taetrolens Y-30 gene encoding glutamine synthetase: an enzyme available for theanine production by coupled fermentation with energy transfer. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70: 500-507.

Yan D, Ikeda TP, Shauger AE, Kustu S 1996 Glutamate is required to maintain the steady-state potassium pool in Salmonella typhimurium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 6527-6531.

Yin ZM, Chen QY, Sima J, Wu YF, Zhang SQ 2003 The expression regulation and characterization of glutamine synthetase from the hyperthermoacidophilic crenarcheon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Prog. Biochem. Biophys. 30: 767-771.

Zhang Y, Pohlmann EL, Conrad MC, Roberts GP 2006 The poor growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum mutants lacking PII proteins is due to an excess of glutamine synthetase activity. Mol. Microbiol. 61: 497-510.

Zhang Y, Pohlmann EL, Ludden PW, Roberts GP 2000 Mutagenesis and functional characterization of the glnB, glnA, and nifA genes from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. J. Bacteriol. 182: 983-992.

Zhang Y, Pohlmann EL, Roberts GP 2005 GlnD is essential for NifA activation, NtrB/NtrC-regulated gene expression, and posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase activity in the photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. J. Bacteriol. 187: 1254-1265.

Zhao L, Allanson NM, Thomson SP, Maclean JK, Barker JJ, Primrose WU, Tyler PD, Lewendon A 2003 Inhibitors of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 38: 345-349.

Zhyvoloup A, Nemazanyy I, Babich A, Panasyuk G, Pobigailo N, Vudmaska M, Naidenov V, Kukharenko O, Palchevskii S, Savinska L, Ovcharenko G, Verdier F, Valovka T, Fenton T, Rebholz H, Wang ML, Shepherd P, Matsuka G, Filonenko V, Gout IT 2002 Molecular cloning of CoA Synthase. The missing link in CoA biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 22107-22110.

Number of references = 220