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N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, ACP

Abbadi A, Brummel M, Spener F 2000 Knockout of the regulatory site of 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III enhances short- and medium-chain acyl-ACP synthesis. Plant J. 24: 1-9.

Bao W, Sheldon PJ, Hutchinson CR 1999 Purification and properties of the Streptomyces peucetius DpsC beta-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase III that specifies the propionate-starter unit for type II polyketide biosynthesis. Biochemistry 38: 9752-9757.

Bisang C, Long PF, Cortes J, Westcott J, Crosby J, Matharu AL, Cox RJ, Simpson TJ, Staunton J, Leadlay PF 1999 A chain initiation factor common to both modular and aromatic polyketide synthases. Nature 401: 502-505.

Blanchard JS 1996 Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 215-239.

Bonaventure G, Ohlrogge JB 2002 Differential regulation of mRNA levels of acyl carrier protein isoforms in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 128: 223-235.

Bourgis F, Kader JC, Barret P, Renard M, Robinson D, Robinson C, Delseny M, Roscoe TJ 1999 A plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from oilseed rape. Plant Physiol. 120: 913-922.

Branen JK, Chiou TJ, Engeseth NJ 2001 Overexpression of acyl carrier protein-1 alters fatty acid composition of leaf tissue in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 222-229.

Branen JK, Shintani DK, Engeseth NJ 2003 Expression of antisense acyl carrier protein-4 reduces lipid content in Arabidopsis leaf tissue. Plant Physiol. 132: 748-756.

Cahoon EB, Shah S, Shanklin J, Browse J 1998 A determinant of substrate specificity predicted from the acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase of developing cat's claw seed. Plant Physiol. 117: 593-598.

Carreras CW, Khosla C 1998 Purification and in vitro reconstitution of the essential protein components of an aromatic polyketide synthase. Biochemistry 37: 2084-2088.

de Boer GJ, Testerink C, Pielage G, Nijkamp HJ, Stuitje AR 1999 Sequences surrounding the transcription initiation site of the Arabidopsis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase gene control seed expression in transgenic tobacco. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 1197-1207.

Dehesh K, Tai H, Edwards P, Byrne J, Jaworski JG 2001 Overexpression of 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase IIIs in plants reduces the rate of lipid synthesis. Plant Physiol. 125: 1103-1114.

Dong X 1998 SA, JA, ethylene, and disease resistance in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1: 316-323.

Falk KL, Guerra DJ 1993 Coenzyme A biosynthesis in plants: partial purification and characterization of pantothenate kinase from spinach. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 301: 424-430.

Fofana B, Cloutier S, Duguid S, Ching J, Rampitsch C 2006 Gene expression of stearoyl-ACP desaturase and delta12 fatty acid desaturase 2 is modulated during seed development of flax (Linum usitatissimum). Lipids 41: 705-712.

Gong Z, Koiwa H, Cushman MA, Ray A, Bufford D, Kore-eda S, Matsumoto TK, Zhu J, Cushman JC, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM 2001 Genes that are uniquely stress regulated in salt overly sensitive (sos) mutants. Plant Physiol. 126: 363-375.

Grammel N, Schwartz D, Wohlleben W, Keller U 1998 Phosphinothricin-tripeptide synthetases from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Biochemistry 37: 1596-1603.

Hooks MA, Fleming Y, Larson TR, Graham IA 1999 No induction of beta-oxidation in leaves of Arabidopsis that over-produce lauric acid. Planta 207: 385-392.

Huang W, Jia J, Edwards P, Dehesh K, Schneider G, Lindqvist Y 1998 Crystal structure of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II from E.coli reveals the molecular architecture of condensing enzymes. EMBO J. 17: 1183-1191.

Inada M, Ueda A, Shi W, Takabe T 2005 A stress-inducible plasma membrane protein 3 (AcPMP3) in a monocotyledonous halophyte, Aneurolepidium chinense, regulates cellular Na(+) and K(+) accumulation under salt stress. Planta 220: 395-402.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1984 Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 158: 115-120.

Jackowski S, Rock CO 1983 Ratio of active to inactive forms of acyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 15186-15191.

Jones A, Davies HM, Voelker TA 1995 Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase and the evolutionary origin of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases. Plant Cell 7: 359-371.

Jones AL, Gane AM, Herbert D, Willey DL, Rutter AJ, Kille P, Dancer JE, Harwood JL 2003 beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from pea (Pisum sativum L.): properties, inhibition by a novel thiolactomycin analogue and isolation of a cDNA clone encoding the enzyme. Planta 216: 752-761.

Kachroo A, Lapchyk L, Fukushige H, Hildebrand D, Klessig D, Kachroo P 2003 Plastidial fatty acid signaling modulates salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense pathways in the Arabidopsis ssi2 mutant. Plant Cell 15: 2952-2965.

Kachroo A, Shanklin J, Whittle E, Lapchyk L, Hildebrand D, Kachroo P 2007 The Arabidopsis stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase family and the contribution of leaf isoforms to oleic acid synthesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 257-271.

Kacperska A 2004 Sensor types in signal transduction pathways in plant cells responding to abiotic stressors: do they depend on stress intensity?. Physiol. Plant. 122: 159-168.

Kacprzak MM, Lewandowska I, Matthews RG, Paszewski A 2003 Transcriptional regulation of methionine synthase by hornocysteine and choline in Aspergillus nidulans. Biochem. J. 376: 517-524.

Keating DH, Carey MR, Cronan JE Jr 1995 The unmodified (apo) form of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 22229-22235.

Keating DH, Zhang Y, Cronan JE Jr 1996 The apparent coupling between synthesis and posttranslational modification of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is due to inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 178: 2662-2667.

Kinney AJ 1998 Manipulating flux through plant metabolic pathways. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1: 173-178.

Kirmizibekmez H, Calis I, Perozzo R, Brun R, Donmez AA, Linden A, Ruedi P, Tasdemir D 2004 Inhibiting activities of the secondary metabolites of Phlomis brunneogaleata against parasitic protozoa and plasmodial enoyl-ACP reductase, a crucial enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. Planta Med. 70: 711-717.

Knapp S, Ladenstein R, Galinski EA 1999 Extrinsic protein stabilization by the naturally occurring osmolytes beta-hydroxyectoine and betaine. Extremophiles 3: 191-198.

Koo AJ, Fulda M, Browse J, Ohlrogge JB 2005 Identification of a plastid acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase in Arabidopsis and its role in the activation and elongation of exogenous fatty acids. Plant J. 44: 620-632.

Larson TR, Edgell T, Byrne J, Dehesh K, Graham IA 2002 Acyl CoA profiles of transgenic plants that accumulate medium-chain fatty acids indicate inefficient storage lipid synthesis in developing oilseeds. Plant J. 32: 519-527.

Leibundgut M, Jenni S, Frick C, Ban N 2007 Structural basis for substrate delivery by acyl carrier protein in the yeast fatty acid synthase. Science 316: 288-290.

Leonard JM, Slabaugh MB, Knapp SJ 1997 Cuphea wrightii thioesterases have unexpected broad specificities on saturated fatty acids. Plant Mol. Biol. 34: 669-679.

Lopato S, Borisjuk L, Milligan AS, Shirley N, Bazanova N, Langridge P 2006 Systematic identification of factors involved in post-transcriptional processes in wheat grain. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 637-653.

MacPhee KG, Nelson RE, Schuster SM 1983 Neurospora crassa mutants deficient in asparagine synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 156: 475-478.

Marillia EF, MacPherson JM, Tsang EWT, Van Audenhove K, Keller WA, GrootWassink JWD 2001 Molecular cloning of a Brassica napus thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase gene and its expression in Escherichia coli. Physiol. Plant. 113: 176-184.

Martinez M, Abraham Z, Gambardella M, Echaide M, Carbonero P, Diaz I 2005 The strawberry gene Cyf1 encodes a phytocystatin with antifungal properties. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1821-1829.

Martinez-Force E, Alvarez-Ortega R, Garces R 1999 Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutants. Planta 207: 533-538.

Martz F, Kiviniemi S, Palva TE, Sutinen ML 2006 Contribution of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase and 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (KASII) genes in the modulation of glycerolipid fatty acid composition during cold acclimation in birch leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 57: 897-909.

Mekhedov S, Cahoon EB, Ohlrogge J 2001 An unusual seed-specific 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase associated with the biosynthesis of petroselinic acid in coriander. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 507-518.

Mekhedov S, de Ilarduya OM, Ohlrogge J 2000 Toward a functional catalog of the plant genome. A survey of genes for lipid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 122: 389-402.

Merlo AO, Cowen N, Delate T, Edington B, Folkerts O, Hopkins N, Lemeiux C, Skokut T, Smith K, Woosley A, Yang Y, Young S, Zwick M 1998 Ribozymes targeted to stearoyl-ACP delta9 desaturase mRNA produce heritable increases of stearic acid in transgenic maize leaves. Plant Cell 10: 1603-1622.

Meyer EH, Heazlewood JL, Millar AH 2007 Mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana are predominantly soluble matrix proteins and none can be confirmed as subunits of respiratory Complex I. Plant Mol. Biol. 64: 319-327.

Mootz HD, Finking R, Marahiel MA 2001 4'-Phosphopantetheine transfer in primary and secondary metabolism of Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 37289-37298.

Mou Z, He Y, Dai Y, Liu X, Li J 2000 Deficiency in fatty acid synthase leads to premature cell death and dramatic alterations in plant morphology. Plant Cell 12: 405-418.

Muller R, Nilsson L, Krintel C, Nielsen TH 2004 Gene expression during recovery from phosphate starvation in roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant. 122: 233-243.

Muller R, Nilsson L, Nielsen LK, Nielsen TH 2005 Interaction between phosphate starvation signalling and hexokinase-independent sugar sensing in Arabidopsis leaves. Physiol. Plant. 124: 81-90.

Nicoloff H, Hubert JC, Bringel F 2000 In Lactobacillus plantarum, carbamoyl phosphate is synthesized by two carbamoyl-phosphate synthetases (CPS): carbon dioxide differentiates the arginine-repressed from the pyrimidine-regulated CPS. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3416-3422.

Noutoshi Y, Kuromori T, Wada T, Hirayama T, Kamiya A, Imura Y, Yasuda M, Nakashita H, Shirasu K, Shinozaki K 2006 Loss of Necrotic Spotted Lesions 1 associates with cell death and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 29-42.

O'Hara P, Slabas AR, Fawcett T 2002 Fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic genes are expressed at constant molar ratios but different absolute levels during embryogenesis. Plant Physiol. 129: 310-320.

Polacco ML, Cronan JE Jr 1981 A mutant of Escherichia coli conditionally defective in the synthesis of holo-[acyl carrier protein]. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 5750-5754.

Rana D, van den Boogaart T, O'Neill CM, Hynes L, Bent E, Macpherson L, Park JY, Lim YP, Bancroft I 2004 Conservation of the microstructure of genome segments in Brassica napus and its diploid relatives. Plant J. 40: 725-733.

Ranganathan A, Timoney M, Bycroft M, Cortes J, Thomas IP, Wilkinson B, Kellenberger L, Hanefeld U, Galloway IS, Staunton J, Leadlay PF 1999 Knowledge-based design of bimodular and trimodular polyketide synthases based on domain and module swaps: a route to simple statin analogues. Chem. Biol. 6: 731-741.

Rock CO, Jackowski S 1982 Regulation of phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Composition of the acyl-acyl carrier protein pool in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 10759-10765.

Romano A, van der Plas LH, Witholt B, Eggink G, Mooibroek H 2005 Expression of poly-3-(R)-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymerase and acyl-CoA-transacylase in plastids of transgenic potato leads to the synthesis of a hydrophobic polymer, presumably medium-chain-length PHAs. Planta 220: 455-464.

Schultz DJ, Suh MC, Ohlrogge JB 2000 Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein and unusual acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase activities are differentially influenced by ferredoxin. Plant Physiol. 124: 681-692.

Schutt BS, Abbadi A, Loddenkotter B, Brummel M, Spener F 2002 beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase IV: a key enzyme for regulation of medium-chain fatty acid synthesis in Cuphea lanceolata seeds. Planta 215: 847-854.

Schutt BS, Brummel M, Schuch R, Spener F 1998 The role of acyl carrier protein isoforms from Cuphea lanceolata seeds in the de-novo biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids. Planta 205: 263-268.

Serrano-Vega MJ, Garces R, Martinez-Force E 2005 Cloning, characterization and structural model of a FatA-type thioesterase from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.). Planta 221: 868-890.

Shah S, Li J, Moffatt BA, Glick BR 1998 Isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase genes from two different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 44: 833-843.

Shintani DK, Ohlrogge JB 1994 The characterization of a mitochondrial acyl carrier protein isoform isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 104: 1221-1229.

Simpson NE, Han Z, Berendzen KM, Sweeney CA, Oca-Cossio JA, Constantinidis I, Stacpoole PW 2006 Magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of mitochondrial fuel metabolism and energetics in cultured human fibroblasts: effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and dichloroacetate. Mol. Genet. Metab. 89: 97-105.

Sirinupong N, Suwanmanee P, Doolittle RF, Suvachitanont W 2005 Molecular cloning of a new cDNA and expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene from Hevea brasiliensis. Planta 221: 502-512.

Stefanowska M, Kuras M, Kacperska A 2002 Low temperature-induced modifications in cell ultrastructure and localization of phenolics in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera L.) leaves. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 90: 637-645.

Subrahmanyam S, Cronan JE Jr 1998 Overproduction of a functional fatty acid biosynthetic enzyme blocks fatty acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4596-4602.

Suh C, Schultz DJ, Ohlrogge JB 2002 What limits production of unusual monoenoic fatty acids in transgenic plants? Planta 215: 584-595.

Suh MC, Schultz DJ, Ohlrogge JB 1999 Isoforms of acyl carrier protein involved in seed-specific fatty acid synthesis. Plant J. 17: 679-688.

Tahiliani AG, Beinlich CJ 1991 Pantothenic acid in health and disease. Vitam. Horm. 46: 165-228.

Tester M, Bacic A 2005 Abiotic stress tolerance in grasses. From model plants to crop plants. Plant Physiol. 137: 791-793.

van der Meer IM, Brouwer M, Spelt CE, Mol JN, Stuitje AR 1992 The TACPyAT repeats in the chalcone synthase promoter of Petunia hybrida act as a dominant negative cis-acting module in the control of organ-specific expression. Plant J. 2: 525-535.

van der Meer IM, Spelt CE, Mol JN, Stuitje AR 1990 Promoter analysis of the chalcone synthase (chsA) gene of Petunia hybrida: a 67 bp promoter region directs flower-specific expression. Plant Mol. Biol. 15: 95-109.

Voelker TA, Jones A, Cranmer AM, Davies HM, Knutzon DS 1997 Broad-range and binary-range acyl-acyl-carrier protein thioesterases suggest an alternative mechanism for medium-chain production in seeds. Plant Physiol. 114: 669-677.

Whitney HM, Sayanova O, Pickett JA, Napier JA 2004 Isolation and expression pattern of two putative acyl-ACP desaturase cDNAs from Bassia scoparia. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 787-789.

Wijma HJ, Macpherson I, Alexandre M, Diederix RE, Canters GW, Murphy ME, Verbeet MP 2006 A rearranging ligand enables allosteric control of catalytic activity in copper-containing nitrite reductase. J. Mol. Biol. 358: 1081-1093.

Xu C, Yu B, Cornish AJ, Froehlich JE, Benning C 2006 Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis mutants deficient in acyl-ACP glycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferase. Plant J. 47: 296-309.

Yamaguchi K, Shuta K, Suzuki S 2005 Roles of Trp144 and Tyr203 in copper-containing nitrite reductase from Achromobacter cycloclastes IAM1013. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336: 210-214.

Yamaguchi S, Smith MW, Brown RG, Kamiya Y, Sun T 1998 Phytochrome regulation and differential expression of gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase genes in germinating Arabidopsis seeds. Plant Cell 10: 2115-2126.

Yu XC, Li MJ, Gao GF, Feng HZ, Geng XQ, Peng CC, Zhu SY, Wang XJ, Shen YY, Zhang DP 2006 Abscisic acid stimulates a calcium-dependent protein kinase in grape berry. Plant Physiol. 140: 558-579.

Zhang YM, Frank MW, Virga KG, Lee RE, Rock CO, Jackowski S 2004 Acyl carrier protein is a cellular target for the antibacterial action of the pantothenamide class of pantothenate antimetabolites. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 50969-50975.

Zhou P, Florova G, Reynolds KA 1999 Polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein (ACP) as a substrate and a catalyst for malonyl ACP biosynthesis. Chem. Biol. 6: 577-584.

Number of references = 84

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Last Update: 9/20/2007