Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 1998

Salad And Green Crops

Spinach, Lettuce, Mustard, Collard, Endive, Parsley, Herbs, and Kale

Varieties

Salad Greens:
Collards:	Georgia, Vates. For blue-green leaves: Blue Max and Hi Crop.
Endive:	Full Heart Batavian, Green Curled Ruffoc.
Kale:	Blue Armor, Blue Knight.
Leaf Lettuce:	Tiara, Glossy Green, Green Wave, New Red Fire, Vulcan, Sierra.
Butterhead:	Buttercrunch, Esmeralda, Ermosa (for trial).
Head Lettuce:	Ithaca, Maverick (for trial), Montello (for trial).
Mustard:	Southern Giant, Green Wave.
Spinach:	Bloomsdale Long Standing (spring), Early Hybrid No. 7 (fall), Early Hybrid No. 10 (fall), Old Dominion (fall), Virginia Savoy (fall), Tyee, Melody, Decatur.
Herbs:
Cilantro:	Long Standing. Cilantro is a type of coriander grown for its aromatic leaves. Plant tends to bolt and must be planted early in the spring.
Fennel:	Marketed for its foliage as anise and for its edible leaf base as Florence or finocchio fennel. Plant has a strong licorice flavor and aroma.
Parsley:	Curly leaf: Moss Curled, Dark Moss Curled, Perfection. Flat leaf: Plain. Hamburg Parsley: has enlarged edible root marketed as a fresh product.
Sweet Basil:	Green foliage: Sweet basil, Mammoth, Italian; Small leaf: Piccolo; Purple foliage: Dark Opal, Opal, Rubin. (Will in part revert to green, caused by genetic instability) Lemon-Scented: Lemon basil, Sweet Dani Lemon Basil.

Spacing and Seeding

Fennel:	Rows: 12 to 18 in. apart. Plants 6 to 8 in. apart in row. Transplant to the field early in the spring.
Spinach:	Rows: 12 to 18 in. apart. Plants 4 to 6 per foot of row. Seed: 12 to 20 lb. per acre.
Lettuce, Endive & Mustard:	Rows: 12 to 15 in. apart. Plants 10 to 16 in. apart in row. Seed: 1 to 2 lb. per acre.
Collard:	Rows: 36 to 42 in. apart. Plants 18 to 24 in. apart in row. Seed: 1 to 2 lb. per acre.
Sweet Basil:	Rows 15 to 36 in. apart. Plants 6 to 8 in. apart within rows.
Parsley:	Rows: 15 in. apart. Plants 4 to 8 in. apart in row. Seed: 30 lb. per acre. Presoaking seeds in water for 24 h., and then partially drying the seeds will enhance germination.

Except for collard, these crops can have a common between-row spacing for convenience in cultivating. Raised beds are recommended for the culinary herbs.

Fertilizing

Lime: To maintain soil pH of 6.5 to 6.8. Spinach is particularly sensitive to soil acidity.

Preplant: N, 60 lb. per acre; P₂O₅, 0 to 150 lb. per acre; K₂O, 0 to 200 lb. per acre. Adjust according to soil type, previous management, and soil test results for your state.

Sidedress N: N, for soils with more than 3% organic matter and following soybeans, alfalfa or a grass-legume hay crop, apply 30 lb. N per acre. For soils with less than 3% organic matter and the above rotation, apply 45 lb. N per acre. Following corn, rye, oats, wheat, or a vegetable crop, apply 60 lb. N per acre. Use a total of 90-120 lb. N per acre for culinary herbs. For herbs grown for seeds, such as coriander, fennel, and dill, use 60-90 lb. N acre.

Herb Weed Control

Plastic or an organic mulch is recommended. Most herbs are weak competitors to weeds and herbicides are not available.

Diseases Controlled Treatment Comments

Spinach, Collard and Mustard Greens: Plant only western grown, hot-water treated seed which has been treated with thiram or captan.

Damping off Ridomil 2E at 4 to 8 pt. per acre applied pre-plant, to control damping-off caused by Pythium spp. (Spinach only). Apply preplant to the soil surface in a 7 in. band over the row, and incorporate to a depth of 2 in.

Downy mildew, white rust Plant downy mildew resistant spinach varieties.

Ridomil Gold EC at 1 pt. per acre applied pre-plant, and 1 pt. per acre after planting. (Spinach only).
or Preplant soil application, with up to 2 additional soil applications after planting. If mefanoxam is not applied at planting, do not use at any other time during the season. 21 day PHI.

Aliette at 2 to 3 lb. per acre.
or Apply when conditions are favorable for disease and continue on a 7-21 day interval. Do not tank mix with copper fungicides. 3 day PHI.

Apply basic copper sulfate at 3 pt. per acre. Apply fungicides at 10 day intervals beginning at the first sign of disease.

Lettuce: Seed rot, damping off Treat seed with captan or thiram.

Ridomil 2E at 4 to 8 pt. per acre applied pre-plant to control damping-off caused by Pythium spp. (Head lettuce only). Apply pre-plant to the soil surface in a 7 inch band over the row, and incorporate to a depth of 2 in.

Bottom rot and drop Avoid wet fields with a history of disease, and apply one of the following fungicides:

Rovral at 1.5 to 2.0 pt. per acre of flowable (F) formulations, or 1.5 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations.
or Apply at the 3-leaf stage. Repeat application in 10 days. A third application may be necessary if disease-favorable conditions persist. 14 day PHI.

Ronilan at 1 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations. Apply within 2 days after seeding or 7-10 days after transplanting. Repeat application in 14 days. A third application may be necessary on direct seeded lettuce if disease-favorable conditions persist. 20 day PHI.

Herbicides for use on greens crops

Herbicide* Treatment** Comments

Preemergence

Dacthal 75WP 8 lb. on light colored soils (less than 2% organic matter), 14 lb. on darker colored soils in at least 50 gal. water per acre. Apply immediately after seeding. Use 50-mesh or larger screens. Not effective on muck or high organic soils.

Treflan HFP 1 pt. per acre on light colored soils (less than 2% organic matter), 1.5 pt. on darker colored soils, 2 lb. on light colored soils to 4 lb. per acre on dark colored soils with 4% or less organic matter. Apply before planting, and incorporate immediately into soil by double discing, or with other equipment, to give thorough mixing 3 to 4 in. deep. Not effective on muck and other high organic soils.

Kerb 50WP 2 lb. on light colored soils to 4 lb. on dark colored soils with 4% or less organic matter. Apply before or after seeding and before weeds germinate. Must be incorporated or irrigated into soil. For endive and escarole do not exceed 3 lb. per acre. Do not apply postemergence to leaf lettuce. 55 day PHI.

Balan 60DF 2 to 2.5 lb. per acre. Apply before seeding and incorporate 2-3 in. into soil immediately.

Prefar 4E 5 to 6 qt. per acre. Apply before seeding and incorporate lightly.

Lorox, Linex 1.5 to 2 lb. per acre. Apply after planting before crop emerges. On muck soils, may apply 1 lb. per acre after parsley has 3 leaves. 30 day PHI. East of Mississippi River only.

Postemergence

Poast 1.5E 1 to 1.5 pt. per acre plus 1 qt. COC per acre. Apply to actively growing grass. Do not apply more than 3 pt. per acre per season. 15 day PHI for leaf lettuce and spinach; 30 day PHI for mustard, collards, kale, and head lettuce.

Fusilade DX 2E 10 to 12 fl. oz. per acre. Apply to actively growing grasses. Maximum of 6 pt. per acre. Include 1 qt. COC or 1 pt. nonionic surfactant per acre. 28 day PHI.

Spin-Aid 1.3E 3 to 6 pt. per acre in 11 to 22 gal. of water. Use only on spinach grown for processing or seed. Apply to spinach past the 4 true leaf stage. Injury may occur if application precedes the 4 true leaf stage of spinach. Do not apply if spinach is under stress. Check label for weed control precautions. Does not control pigweed. 40 day PHI.

Stale Seedbed

Roundup Ultra (4 lb./gal.) 2 to 3 qt. per acre. Apply to emerged weeds before or after planting but before crop emerges Check label for specific weeds controlled and rate.

Gramoxone Extra 2.5E 2 to 3 pt. per acre plus 1 pt. nonionic surfactant per 100 gallons spray solution. Apply to emerged weeds before or after seeding but before crop emerges. RUP.

*For specific weeds controlled by each herbicide, check table on page 23.
**Rates given are for overall coverage. For band treatment, reduce amounts according to the portion of acre treated.

Insects Controlled Treatment Comments

Aphids, leafminers, mites Admire 2F at 10 to 24 fl. oz. per acre.
or Aphids and leafminers only. 21 day PHI. Do not exceed 0.5 lb. a.i. Admire or Provado per acre per season. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive, or spinach.

Aphid Thresholds
Seedling - 2/plant
Established plants - 7/plant Provado 1.6F at 3.75 fl. oz. per acre.
or Aphids and leafminers only. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive or spinach. Do not exceed 18.75 fl. oz. per acre per season. Allow 5 days between applications. 7 day PHI.

Leafminer Thresholds
Seedling - 50% of plants infested
Near Harvest - 5% of leaves Thiodan, Endosulfan, or Phaser 3EC at 1 to 1.3 qt. or 50W at 1.5 to 2 lb. per acre.
or 7 day PHI for celery, 14 day PHI for lettuce, 21 day PHI for collards, kale, mustard greens, and spinach.

Metasystox-R 2S at 1.5 to 2 pt. per acre.
or Head lettuce only. Do not make more than 3 applications per season. 21 day PHI.

Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 1 day PHI.

Dimethoate at 0.75 pt. per acre.
or 14 day PHI for collard, endive, mustard greens, Swiss chard, spinach, turnip greens, and leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for head lettuce. Do not use on parsley.

Trigard at 0.167 lb. per acre.
or 7 day PHI.

Align or Neemix according to label directions.
or 0 day PHI.

Dibrom 8E at 1 pt. per acre.
or 1 day PHI for collard or kale. Do not use on lettuce, mustard, endive, parsley, spinach, or turnip greens.

M-Pede at 1.25 fl. oz. per 50 gal. water. Aphids only. 0 day PHI. Must contact aphids to be effective.

Flea beetles, leafhoppers Warrior 1EC at 2.6 to 3.8 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not exceed 2.4 pts. per acre per season. Head lettuce only. 1 day PHI.

Flea Beetle Threshold
>50% plants infested and defoliation >30% Admire 2F at 10 to 24 fl. oz. per acre.
or 21 day PHI. Do not exceed 0.5 lb. a.i. Admire or Provado per acre per season. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive, or spinach.

Provado 1.6F at 3.75 fl. oz. per acre.
or Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive or spinach. Do not exceed 18.75 fl. oz. per acre per season. Allow 5 days between applications. 7 day PHI.

Dimethoate at 0.75 pt. per acre.
or 14 day PHI for collard, endive, mustard greens, Swiss chard, spinach, turnip greens, and leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for heat lettuce. Do not use on parsley.

Malathion 57EC at 1.5 pt. per acre.
or 14 day PHI for leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for head lettuce, endive, collard, mustard greens, and spinach; 21 day PHI for parsley.

Sevin 50WP at 2 lb., 80SP at 1.25 lb., or XLR Plus at 1 qt. per acre.
or 14 day PHI.

Fury 1.5EC at 2.4 to 4.2 fl. oz. per acre.
or Head lettuce only. 5 day PHI.

Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 5 day PHI

Methoxychlor 2EC at 1 to 2 pt. per acre.
or 14 day PHI. Do not apply to mustard or parsley.

Align or Neemix according to label directions. 0 day PHI.

Caterpillars, loopers Bacillus thuringiensis (MVP, Javelin, Dipel, Cutlass, Biobit, Agree, Xentari).
or Follow label instructions for rates and use. 0 day PHI.

Warrior 1EC at 1.9 to 3.8 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not exceed 2.4 pts. per acre per season. Head lettuce only. 1 day PHI.

Threshold
5% of plants infested Lannate 90 SP at 0.5 to 1 lb. per acre or LV at 1.5 to 3 pt. per acre.
or 7 day PHI for lettuce at 0.25 to 0.5 lb. rate, or 10 day PHI for 1 lb. rate; 7 day PHI for spinach; 10 day PHI for collard, Chinese cabbage, endive, kale, parsley, turnip, and mustard. Should control aphids.

Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 5 day PHI.

Larvin 3.2 AF at 16 to 30 fl. oz. per acre.
or Do not exceed 60 fl. oz. per acre per season. 14 day PHI. Not for mustard or collard.

Ambush 2EC at 3.2 to 12.8 fl. oz., or 25WP at 6.4 to 12.8 oz. per acre, or Pounce 3.2EC at 2 to 8 fl. oz., or 25WP at 6.4 to 12.8 oz. per acre.
or Do not apply more than 2 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 1 day PHI.

Scout X-Tra 0.9EC at 2.28 to 2.84 fl. oz. per acre. Head and leaf lettuce only. Do not exceed 27 fl. oz. per acre per season. 3 day PHI.

Indiana CropMAP NewCROP

last update Thursday, October 08, 1998 by aw

Diseases Controlled	Treatment	Comments
Spinach, Collard and Mustard Greens:	Plant only western grown, hot-water treated seed which has been treated with thiram or captan.
Damping off	Ridomil 2E at 4 to 8 pt. per acre applied pre-plant, to control damping-off caused by Pythium spp. (Spinach only).	Apply preplant to the soil surface in a 7 in. band over the row, and incorporate to a depth of 2 in.
Downy mildew, white rust	Plant downy mildew resistant spinach varieties.
	Ridomil Gold EC at 1 pt. per acre applied pre-plant, and 1 pt. per acre after planting. (Spinach only). or	Preplant soil application, with up to 2 additional soil applications after planting. If mefanoxam is not applied at planting, do not use at any other time during the season. 21 day PHI.
	Aliette at 2 to 3 lb. per acre. or	Apply when conditions are favorable for disease and continue on a 7-21 day interval. Do not tank mix with copper fungicides. 3 day PHI.
	Apply basic copper sulfate at 3 pt. per acre.	Apply fungicides at 10 day intervals beginning at the first sign of disease.
Lettuce: Seed rot, damping off	Treat seed with captan or thiram.
	Ridomil 2E at 4 to 8 pt. per acre applied pre-plant to control damping-off caused by Pythium spp. (Head lettuce only).	Apply pre-plant to the soil surface in a 7 inch band over the row, and incorporate to a depth of 2 in.
Bottom rot and drop	Avoid wet fields with a history of disease, and apply one of the following fungicides:
	Rovral at 1.5 to 2.0 pt. per acre of flowable (F) formulations, or 1.5 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations. or	Apply at the 3-leaf stage. Repeat application in 10 days. A third application may be necessary if disease-favorable conditions persist. 14 day PHI.
	Ronilan at 1 to 2 lb. per acre for dry formulations.	Apply within 2 days after seeding or 7-10 days after transplanting. Repeat application in 14 days. A third application may be necessary on direct seeded lettuce if disease-favorable conditions persist. 20 day PHI.

Herbicide*	Treatment**	Comments
Preemergence
Dacthal 75WP	8 lb. on light colored soils (less than 2% organic matter), 14 lb. on darker colored soils in at least 50 gal. water per acre.	Apply immediately after seeding. Use 50-mesh or larger screens. Not effective on muck or high organic soils.
Treflan HFP	1 pt. per acre on light colored soils (less than 2% organic matter), 1.5 pt. on darker colored soils, 2 lb. on light colored soils to 4 lb. per acre on dark colored soils with 4% or less organic matter.	Apply before planting, and incorporate immediately into soil by double discing, or with other equipment, to give thorough mixing 3 to 4 in. deep. Not effective on muck and other high organic soils.
Kerb 50WP	2 lb. on light colored soils to 4 lb. on dark colored soils with 4% or less organic matter.	Apply before or after seeding and before weeds germinate. Must be incorporated or irrigated into soil. For endive and escarole do not exceed 3 lb. per acre. Do not apply postemergence to leaf lettuce. 55 day PHI.
Balan 60DF	2 to 2.5 lb. per acre.	Apply before seeding and incorporate 2-3 in. into soil immediately.
Prefar 4E	5 to 6 qt. per acre.	Apply before seeding and incorporate lightly.
Lorox, Linex	1.5 to 2 lb. per acre.	Apply after planting before crop emerges. On muck soils, may apply 1 lb. per acre after parsley has 3 leaves. 30 day PHI. East of Mississippi River only.
Postemergence
Poast 1.5E	1 to 1.5 pt. per acre plus 1 qt. COC per acre.	Apply to actively growing grass. Do not apply more than 3 pt. per acre per season. 15 day PHI for leaf lettuce and spinach; 30 day PHI for mustard, collards, kale, and head lettuce.
Fusilade DX 2E	10 to 12 fl. oz. per acre.	Apply to actively growing grasses. Maximum of 6 pt. per acre. Include 1 qt. COC or 1 pt. nonionic surfactant per acre. 28 day PHI.
Spin-Aid 1.3E	3 to 6 pt. per acre in 11 to 22 gal. of water.	Use only on spinach grown for processing or seed. Apply to spinach past the 4 true leaf stage. Injury may occur if application precedes the 4 true leaf stage of spinach. Do not apply if spinach is under stress. Check label for weed control precautions. Does not control pigweed. 40 day PHI.
Stale Seedbed
Roundup Ultra (4 lb./gal.)	2 to 3 qt. per acre.	Apply to emerged weeds before or after planting but before crop emerges Check label for specific weeds controlled and rate.
Gramoxone Extra 2.5E	2 to 3 pt. per acre plus 1 pt. nonionic surfactant per 100 gallons spray solution.	Apply to emerged weeds before or after seeding but before crop emerges. RUP.
For specific weeds controlled by each herbicide, check table on page 23. *Rates given are for overall coverage. For band treatment, reduce amounts according to the portion of acre treated.
Insects Controlled	Treatment	Comments
Aphids, leafminers, mites	Admire 2F at 10 to 24 fl. oz. per acre. or	Aphids and leafminers only. 21 day PHI. Do not exceed 0.5 lb. a.i. Admire or Provado per acre per season. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive, or spinach.
Aphid Thresholds Seedling - 2/plant Established plants - 7/plant	Provado 1.6F at 3.75 fl. oz. per acre. or	Aphids and leafminers only. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive or spinach. Do not exceed 18.75 fl. oz. per acre per season. Allow 5 days between applications. 7 day PHI.
Leafminer Thresholds Seedling - 50% of plants infested Near Harvest - 5% of leaves	Thiodan, Endosulfan, or Phaser 3EC at 1 to 1.3 qt. or 50W at 1.5 to 2 lb. per acre. or	7 day PHI for celery, 14 day PHI for lettuce, 21 day PHI for collards, kale, mustard greens, and spinach.
	Metasystox-R 2S at 1.5 to 2 pt. per acre. or	Head lettuce only. Do not make more than 3 applications per season. 21 day PHI.
	Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 1 day PHI.
	Dimethoate at 0.75 pt. per acre. or	14 day PHI for collard, endive, mustard greens, Swiss chard, spinach, turnip greens, and leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for head lettuce. Do not use on parsley.
	Trigard at 0.167 lb. per acre. or	7 day PHI.
	Align or Neemix according to label directions. or	0 day PHI.
	Dibrom 8E at 1 pt. per acre. or	1 day PHI for collard or kale. Do not use on lettuce, mustard, endive, parsley, spinach, or turnip greens.
	M-Pede at 1.25 fl. oz. per 50 gal. water.	Aphids only. 0 day PHI. Must contact aphids to be effective.
Flea beetles, leafhoppers	Warrior 1EC at 2.6 to 3.8 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not exceed 2.4 pts. per acre per season. Head lettuce only. 1 day PHI.
Flea Beetle Threshold >50% plants infested and defoliation >30%	Admire 2F at 10 to 24 fl. oz. per acre. or	21 day PHI. Do not exceed 0.5 lb. a.i. Admire or Provado per acre per season. Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive, or spinach.
	Provado 1.6F at 3.75 fl. oz. per acre. or	Collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rape greens, lettuce, endive or spinach. Do not exceed 18.75 fl. oz. per acre per season. Allow 5 days between applications. 7 day PHI.
	Dimethoate at 0.75 pt. per acre. or	14 day PHI for collard, endive, mustard greens, Swiss chard, spinach, turnip greens, and leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for heat lettuce. Do not use on parsley.
	Malathion 57EC at 1.5 pt. per acre. or	14 day PHI for leaf lettuce; 7 day PHI for head lettuce, endive, collard, mustard greens, and spinach; 21 day PHI for parsley.
	Sevin 50WP at 2 lb., 80SP at 1.25 lb., or XLR Plus at 1 qt. per acre. or	14 day PHI.
	Fury 1.5EC at 2.4 to 4.2 fl. oz. per acre. or	Head lettuce only. 5 day PHI.
	Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 5 day PHI
	Methoxychlor 2EC at 1 to 2 pt. per acre. or	14 day PHI. Do not apply to mustard or parsley.
	Align or Neemix according to label directions.	0 day PHI.
Caterpillars, loopers	Bacillus thuringiensis (MVP, Javelin, Dipel, Cutlass, Biobit, Agree, Xentari). or	Follow label instructions for rates and use. 0 day PHI.
	Warrior 1EC at 1.9 to 3.8 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not exceed 2.4 pts. per acre per season. Head lettuce only. 1 day PHI.
Threshold 5% of plants infested	Lannate 90 SP at 0.5 to 1 lb. per acre or LV at 1.5 to 3 pt. per acre. or	7 day PHI for lettuce at 0.25 to 0.5 lb. rate, or 10 day PHI for 1 lb. rate; 7 day PHI for spinach; 10 day PHI for collard, Chinese cabbage, endive, kale, parsley, turnip, and mustard. Should control aphids.
	Ammo 2.5EC at 2.5 to 5.0 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 5 day PHI.
	Larvin 3.2 AF at 16 to 30 fl. oz. per acre. or	Do not exceed 60 fl. oz. per acre per season. 14 day PHI. Not for mustard or collard.
	Ambush 2EC at 3.2 to 12.8 fl. oz., or 25WP at 6.4 to 12.8 oz. per acre, or Pounce 3.2EC at 2 to 8 fl. oz., or 25WP at 6.4 to 12.8 oz. per acre. or	Do not apply more than 2 lb. a.i. per acre per season. 1 day PHI.
	Scout X-Tra 0.9EC at 2.28 to 2.84 fl. oz. per acre.	Head and leaf lettuce only. Do not exceed 27 fl. oz. per acre per season. 3 day PHI.