Anthocephalus Cadamba, Miq. India (Deccan): fruit eaten. Ref. WATT.
Canthium parviflorum, Roxb.; Barth. ex DC.; Lam.; Schlecht. ex Hook. India (Deccan): leaves and fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Bombay Presidency, Sholapur district: Kar. Ref. WATT.
Coprosma Billardieri, Hook. f. in Hook.) Australia (Victoria; Tasmania): fruit used in puddings. Ref. IRVINE.
Coprosma hirtella, Labill. (syn. Coprosma cuspidifolia, DC.) Pan-Australia (except Tasmania and Western Australia): fruit eaten. Ref. MAIDEN.
Coprosma quadrifida, Robinson (syn. Canthium quadrifidum, Labill.
Craterispermum cerinanthum, Hiern. Africa (west): bark reported edible. Ref. IRVINE.
Galium verum, L. var. lacteum, Max. China: leaves, shoots and seeds eaten. Chemical composition: citric and glallotanic acids; asperulosid glucoside = 0.21%; minute quantity of a fragrant oil. Ireland: fruit used as a coffee substitute. Vernacular names: Yellow Bed Straw, Our Lady 's Bed Straw, Catch Weed, Goose Grass. Ref. READ, UPHOF.
Gardenia erubescens, Stapf. & Hutch. Nigeria (Kano State, northern): fruit eaten. Vernacular names - Hausa: Gau'de. Kanuri: Kingerr. Ref. MORTIMORE.
Gardenia lutea, Fresen. Sudan (central and southern): seeds boiled and eaten with added salt, or cooked with onions and oil, Chemical composition: Protein (crude) = 21.9% (dry). Fat = 6.2% (dry). Fibre (crude) = 7.0% (dry). Ash (insoluble) = 3.6% (dry). Carbohydrate (soluble): Starch = 28.2% (dry). Sucrose = 5.0% (dry). D-glucose = 0.1% (dry). D-fructose = Ø% (dry). Amino acids (g [16g N]]-1): Aspartic acid = 11.6g. Threonine = 3.7g. Serine = 4.8g. Glutamic acid = 16.0g. Proline = 4.3g. Glycine = 4.4g. Alanine = 5.2g. Valine = 5.7g. Cysteine = 1.1g. Methionine = 1.4g. Isoleucine = 4.6g. Leucine = 9.2g, Tyrosine = 3.4g. Phenylalanine = 6.5g. Lysine = 8.2g. Histidine = 3.2g. Arginine = 10.1g. Minerals: Sulphur = 0.21% (dry). Potassium = 0.24% (dry). Magnesium = 0.17% (dry). Na = 0.01% (dry). K = 1.40% (dry). Zinc = 28mg/kg-1 (dry). Iron = 111mg/kg-1 (dry). Manganese = 23mg/kg-1 (dry). Copper = 6mg/kg-1 (dry). Verncular name - Arabic: Fuwl umgawy. Ref. ABDELMUTI.
Morinda citrifolia, L.; Hunter. Australia (Queensland; Northern Territory): fruit edible, reported bitter. India (area unspecified): green fruit eaten. Hawaii: fruit eaten. Tahiti: fruit eaten. Hawaii: foetid fruit eaten. India (Madras Presidency): ripe fruit eaten; green fruit curried. Vernacular names - Australia: Canary Wood, Awl Tree, Indian Mulberry. Hawaiian: Noni. Tamil: Munja pavattay. Telugu: Molagha, Maddi chettu. Ref. HANDY, NEAL, STURTEVANT, CHOCK, CURREY, SHORTT.
Morinda citrifolia, L. var. potteri Deg. Hawaii: as for Morinda citrifolia, L. (q.v.) Ref. HANDY, NEAL.
Morinda umbellata Labill. ex. Baill.; L.; Lour. India (Madras Presidency): ripe fruit eaten; green fruit curried. Vernacular names - Tamil: Noona kai. Telugu: Moolooghoodoo. Ref. SHORTT, WATT.
Musænda frondosa L.; Blanco; Lour.; Roxb.; Walt. India (Deccan): flowers eaten. Ref. WATT.
Nauclea latifolia Sm. (syn. Sarcocephalus esculentus, Afeel. ex Sabine). Sudan (Southern Kordofan): ripe fruit eaten; soft drink prepared from fruit; overripe fruit dried and a powder prepared from them, used as a base for a soft drink. Chemical composition: Protein (crude) = 6.4% (dry). Fat = 3.2% (dry). Fibre (crude) = 3.1% (dry). Ash = 5.1% (dry). Carbohydrate (soluble): Starch = 4.9% (dry). Sucrose = 5.6% (dry). D-glucose = 5.6% (dry). F-fructose = 2.7% (dry). Amino acids (g [16g N]-1): Aspartic acid = 7.5g. Threonine = 3.1g. Serine = 3.6g. Glutamic acid = 15.7g. Proline = 5.8g. Glycine = 4.4g. Alanine = 4.0g. Valine = 4.8g. Cysteine = 1.3g. Methionine = 1.3g. Isoleucine = 3.4g. Leucine = 6.1g. Tyrosine = 2.0g. Phenylalanine = 3.6g. Lysine = 1.9g. Histidine = 1.7g. Arginine = 6.4g. Minerals - Sulphur = 0.11% (dry). Potassium = 0.16% (dry). Magnesium = 0.22% (dry). Calcium = 0.54% (dry). Na = 0.04% (dry). K = 1.54% (dry). Zinc = 30mg/kg-1 (dry). Iron = 237mg/kg-1 (dry). Manganese = 18mg/kg-1 (dry). Copper = 8mg/kg-1 (dry). Vernacular name - Arabic: Karmadodah. Ref. ABDELMUTI.
Pavetta crassipes, K. Schum. Kenya (Mbeere division, Embu district): leaves eaten. Vernacular name - Kikuyu: mw-Ai. Ref. RILEY & BROKENSHA.
Randia dumetorum, Lam. India: fruit eaten. Vernacular name: Bombay Presidency, Surat district: Gengua. Ref. GAMMIE.
Randia genipæflora, DC. Sudan (Kordofan, southern): fruit eaten fresh, or dried and rehydrated for use during periods of scarcity. Chemical composition: Protein (crude) = 5.9% (dry). Fat = 1.2% (dry). Fibre (crude) = 12.3% (dry). Ash = 4.9% (dry). Carbohydrate (soluble): Starch = 10.1% (dry). Sucrose = 14.8% (dry. D-Glucose = 5.3% (dry). F-Fructose = 6.9% (dry). Amino acids (g [16g N]-1): Aspartic Acid = 11g. Threonine = 2.5g. Serine = 2.9g. Glutamic Acid = 7.3g. Proline = 2.4g. Glycine = 3.6g. Alanine = 2.9g. Valine = 3.4g. Cysteine = 0.7g. Methionine = 0.7g. Isoleucine = 2.5g. Leucine = 4.4g. Tyrosine = 2.2g. Phenylalanine = 2.7g. Lysine = 3.1g. Histidine = 1.7g. Arginine = 6.6g. Minerals - Sulphur = 0.06% (dry). Potassium = 0.14% (dry). Magnesium = 0.12% (dry). Calcium = 0.19% (dry). Na = 0.01% (dry). K = 1.64% (dry). Zinc = 5mg/kg (dry). Iron = 302mg/kg (dry). Manganese = 24mg/kg (dry). Copper = 4mg/kg (dry). Ethnomedical use: fresh juice given to lactating mothers to relieve stomach colic. Vernacular name - Arabic: Karkar. Ref. ABDELMUTI.
Randia uliginosa, DC. India: fruits cooked in water, then mixed with salt and chili peppers. (Deccan): green fruit eaten. Vernacular name - Bombay Presidency, Panch Mahals district: Gengada. Ref. GAMMIE, WATT.
Spermacoca hispida, L.; Miq. ex Hook. India: seeds eaten by Santal group. Ref. WATT.
Vangueria infausta, Burch. Zululand (Ubombo district): fruit eaten, Vernacular name - Zulu: Iviyo. Ref. HELY-HUTCHINSON.