Brachystelma Bingeri, Chev. Africa (west) (Niger River region): tubers eaten, after removal of resinous outer layer. It is largely carbohydrate. Ref. IRVINE, UPHOF.
Caralluma ascendens, R. Br. India (Madras Presidency): tender shoots cooked as vegetable. Vernacular names - Tamil: Kullee mooliayan. Telugu: Karallamu, Taviti chettu. Ref. SHORTT, WATT.
Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. var. fimbriata (syn. Caralluma fimbriata, Roxb.) India (Rajasthan): whole plant boiled in water, and mixed with salt, and chili peppers if available; (Deccan): green follicles eaten. Abundant around some villages, growing amidst small prickly-pear bushes (Opuntia sp. [CACTAE ]). Grows at an altitude of 600-900 meters. Vernacular names - Bombay Presidency: Ahmednagar district, Rahuri Taluka: Ranshabar. Poona and Satara districts: Makad shenguli. Nasik, and Ahmednagar districts: Shindala makadi. Ref. GAMMIE, SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Ceropegia Bulbosa, Roxb. India (Bombay Presidency): tubers and leaves eaten uncooked. Also eaten boiled, and mixed with either milk and sugar or with salt and spices; (Rajasthan, western): tubers and leaves eaten raw of boiled. Soil types favored by plant: well-drained, rocky soil and on slopes and piedmont. Vernacular names - Bombay Presidency, Khandesh district, Shahada: Dúdha malida kand ['milk and sweetmeat ']. Nasik district, Chandor: Malode. Rajasthan (western) : Hedulo, Khapparkadu. Ref. GAMMIE; GUPTA & KANODIA, SAXENA, SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Ceropegia tuberosa, Roxb.; Wall. India (Rajasthan, western): tubers eaten raw or roasted. Vernacular name: Khadula. Ref. SHANKARNARAYAN & SAXENA.
Cynanchum caudatum, Maxim. China: leaves and roots eaten. The root is peeled, sliced, boiled in several changes of water to remove the acrid element, washed and boiled again until it is very thoroughly cooked. The root contains cynanchotoxin, which can induce paralysis. Vernacular name: Vincetoxin. Ref. READ.
Cynanchum sibiricum, R. Br. China: seeds eaten. Vernacular name: Swallow Wort. Ref. READ.
Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston. (syn. Cynanchum pauciflorum, R. Br.) Ceylon: leaves eaten. Grows in rather poor soils in drier tracts, at altitudes from 50 - 1200 meters. Ref. SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Holostemma Rheedei, Wall. (syn. Holostemma adakodien, (Roxb.) Schult.) India (Deccan): flowers eaten; (Madras Presidency): leaves eaten boiled with salt and chili peppers. Grows in all kinds of soils at altitudes up to 2,000 meters. Vernacular names - Tamil: Palay keeray. Telugu: Pala kura. Ref. SHORTT, SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Hoya veridiflora, R. Br. Griff. (syn. Dregea volubilis, Benth. ex Hook. f. Hoya viridiflora, R.Br.; Griff.; Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf.) India: root eaten. Leaves eaten uncooked or boiled. Fruit eaten. Flowers eaten uncooked or prepared into a bhaji. Grows in all kinds of soils at altitudes up to 2,000 meters. Among the Bhil people, of Durgi and other villages in the Dholka Taluka, a powder (said to be pollen) is removed from the flowers and used in the preparation of Dhoklas, a small, thick bread. Chemical composition (after Paton & Dunlop) (grams per 100g): Protein = 14.62g. Fat = 7.60g. Carbohydrate (soluble) = 41.08g. Fibre = 23.50g. Ash = 4.50g. Water = 8.70g. Calories = 299. Vernacular names - Bombay Presidency, Panch Mahals district, Godhra: Doda Flowers, Dodi. Khandesh district, Talda: Chiri. Ahmednagar district: Phundi. India (Madras Presidency): leaves used as greens. Vernacular name - Tamil: Cooringee keeray. Ref. GAMMIE; PATON & DUNLOP, SHORTT, WATT.
Leptadenia hastata (Pers.)Dec'ne. Nigeria (Kano State, northern): leaves eaten. Vernacular names - Hausa: Ya 'diya. Kanuri: Njera. Ref. MORTIMORE.
Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight. & Arn. India (Bombay Presidency): leaves boiled in water then used in preparing bread by mixing with bajri (millet) or jowari (Sorghum vulgare, Pers.) flour; (Madras Presidency, Kistna, Vinucondah taluq): leaves and tender shoots eaten as a vegetable. Grows in arid habitats and poor soils at altitudes up to 900 meters. Vernacular names - Bombay Presidency (generally): Harandodi. Rajasthan, Ahmedabad: Dodi. Tamil: Palacoody. Telugu: Kalasa. Ref. GAMMIE, SHORTT, SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Marsdenia Leichardtiana, F. von Muell. (syn. Leichardtiana austalis, R. Br.) Central and Western Australia: unripe fruits eaten raw or roasted. Roots eaten. Seeds eaten raw or (preferably) roasted. Chemical composition: fruit: sand (dry sample) = 0.27%, (fresh sample) = 0.06%. Calcium (dry sample) = 1.00%, (fresh sample) = 0.022%. Magnesium (dry sample) = 0.203%, (fresh sample) = 0.045%. Phosphorus (dry sample) = 0.166%; (fresh sample) = 0.037%. [Ca = 0.60%, Fe = 120 and Mn = 19 parts per million, on a dry basis]. Moisture = 77.7%. fibre (crude) (dry sample) = 50.2%, (fresh sample) = 11.2%. Ether extract (dry sample) = 9.14%, (fresh sample) = 2.04%. Protein (crude) (dry sample) = 15.2%, (fresh sample) = 3.38%. Ash (dry sample) = 3.79%, (fresh sample) = 0.84%. Carbohydrate (dry sample) = 21.6%, (fresh sample) = 4.8%. Albuminoid nitrogen (dry sample) = 1.98%, (fresh sample) = 0.42%. Amido nitrogen (dry sample) = 0.42%, (fresh sample) = 0.12%. Calories, (dry sample) = 42.4%, (fresh sample) = 190. Vernacular names: Doubah, Carculoir. Ref. IRVINE, DADSWELL
Marsdenia tomentosa, Morr. & Decne. China: shoots and leaves eaten. Vernacular name: Milk Weed. Ref. READ.
Metaplexis chinensis, Desn. China: leaves eaten with oil and salt. Ref. READ.
Metaplexis Stauntoni, Roem. & Schott. China: leaves eaten with oil and salt. Japan: roots eaten by Ainu. Ref. READ, UPHOF.
Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) R. Br. ex Schult. India (Deccan): follicles eaten. Soil type favored by plant: stream banks. Altitude: up to 900 meters. Ref. SWARUPANANDAN, WATT.
Pergularia dæmia (Forsk.) Chiov. Kenya (Mbeere division, Embu district): young, hollow stems cooked as a vegetable in times of famine. Leaves also eaten. Vernacular name - Kikuyu: ka-Riaria. Ref. RILEY & BROKENSHA.
Riocreuxia torulosa, Decne. Zululand (Ubombo district): leaves eaten. Vernacular name - Zulu: Uqwapa. Ref. HELY-HUTCHINSON.
Sarcostemma viminalis, R.Br. Zululand (Ubombo district): stems and fruit eaten. Natal: unspecified portion of plant reported commonly eaten by women and children. Vernacular name - Zulu: Mabelebele. Ref. HELY-HUTCHINSON.