• The Victorian period in England coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria dating from 1838-1901.
• Industrial Revolution:
a change in the methods for producing goods that began in England during the
18th century and continued throughout Europe, with the most significant change
being the replacement of human labor by machine.
• Newly rich class
Manufacturing
• Wealthy class acquires
land
Construction of extravagant homes and gardens—exploiting wealth.
• Victorian architecture
cloaked in many different period styles
Architecture lacks associated context to make it meaningful.
• Victorian gardens
incoherent.
Stylistically diverse to the point of distraction.
• Gardens as a socially
acceptable pursuit of the wealthy.
• New trends in gardening
influenced by
changes in taste.
advances
in technology.
a growing passion for horticulture.
• Extensive variety of
“exotic” plants in the garden.
Collecting
and cultivating exotic plants
• Glasshouses
Biddulph Grange Garden, Staffordshire
Development 1840-1850’s
• Gardens
built to accommodate plant collection.
• James
and Maria Bateman, owners, Industrialists.
• Edward
Cooke, painter and knowledgeable gardener.
• Gardens
as a series of picturesque scenes created as separate areas, each with its own
specifically designed habitat that simulated each type of plants’
indigenous environment.
• Plants
carefully selected and their location adapted to provide the perfect growing
conditions.
Garden
Areas:
• Dahlia
Walk
• Cherry
orchard
• Wellingtonia
Avenue
• Italian
Garden
• Rhododendron
Ground
• Egyptian
Court
• Cheshire
Cottage
• Pinetum
• China
• The
Natural Trust