Name: ____________________________ Lab Section:

___ M @ 1:30 ___ M @ 3:30

___ W @ 9:30 ___ W @ 11:30

___ W @ 1:30 ___ W @ 3:30

Please write your name on each page of the exam.

True or False (34 pts) Indicate in the space provided whether the accompanying statement is true (T) or false (F).

1. _____ Hybrid cultivars are produced by grafting related species.

2. _____ Atmospheric gases enter and exit leaves through stomates.

3. _____ Primary growth in plants occurs solely due to cell enlargement.

4. _____ The uptake of water by seeds is called imbibition.

5. _____ The shoot apical meristem can influence the development of axillary buds.

6. _____ The cells at the tip of a grass leaf are younger than the cells at the base of the leaf.

7. _____ The root apical meristem produces new cells for both the growing root and the root cap.

8. _____ Root hairs are specialized cells that facilitate the uptake of water and minerals.

9. _____ Root tissue can be distinguished from shoot tissue because roots do not contain phloem.

10. _____ Seed vigor is best maintained if seeds are stored at room temperature and high humidity.

11. _____ Monoecious plant species have separate male and female plants.

12. _____ Most woody plants go through a juvenile period during which they will not flower even if exposed to ideal conditions.

13. _____ Decreasing the number of fruit on a tree will tend to increase the size of the remaining fruit.

14. _____ Phytochrome is the plant pigment involved in photosynthesis.

15. _____ Rootstocks can be used to modify the stature and vigor of fruit trees.

16. _____ Recalcitrant seeds need a cold period to break seed dormancy.

17. _____ Increased levels of the plant hormone, ethylene, are associated with the ripening of apples.

Name ______________________________

Multiple Choice (30 pts) Place the letter corresponding to the most correct answer in the space provided.

1. _____ During seed germination in bean

a. the dry weight of the embryonic axis decreases and the dry weight of the cotyledons increases

b. they dry weight of the embryonic axis increases and the dry weight of the cotyledons decreases

c. they dry weight of both the embryonic axis and cotyledons decreases

d. they dry weight of both the embryonic axis and cotyledons increases

2. _____ The embryonic axis includes

a. plumule, hypocotyl and radicle

b. seed coat, endosperm, and epicotyl

c. seed coat, hilum, and micropyle

d. periderm, phellem, and phellogen

3. _____ Meristematic cells are

a. small

b. undifferentiated

c. active in cell division

d. all of the above

4. _____ In apple trees, new branches develop from

a. adventitious buds

b. axillary buds

c. somatic buds

d. endodermis

5. _____ Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Blue Lake

a. belongs to the genus Phaseolus

b. belongs to the species vulgaris Blue Lake

c. belongs to the family Linaceae

d. all of the above

6. _____ When planting seeds in the field, you should

a. make sure the soil is warm enough to insure rapid germination

b. make sure the soil is well drained and not water-logged

c. consider treating the seeds with a fungicide prior to planting

d. all of the above

7. _____ A clonal cultivar

a. is genetically more uniform than an open pollinated cultivar

b. is genetically more varied than an open pollinated cultivar

c. exhibits similar genetic uniformity as open pollinated cultivars

d. is an oxymoron

8. _____ A ring of meristematic tissue is primarily responsible for radial growth (increased girth) of tree trunks. Cell divisions within this tissue

a. produce new xylem and phloem cells toward the inside, and pericycle toward the outside

b. produce new xylem and phloem cells toward the outside, and pith cells toward the inside

c. produce new xylem cells toward the inside and phloem cells toward the outside

d. produce new xylem cells toward the outside and phloem cells toward the inside

9. _____ The term vernalization refers to

a. the need to abraid a seed coat to break seed dormancy

b. the point when fruit is mature but not yet ripe

c. the requirement of a cold period to induce flowering

d. the production of seedless fruit

10. _____ Poor seed germination in waterlogged soils results from

a. low oxygen levels in the soil

b. high oxygen levels in the soil

c. low carbon dioxide levels in the soil

d. excessive aeration

11. _____ Deciduous plants

a. have separate male and female flowers

b. have separate male and female plants

c. have imperfect, but complete flowers

d. none of the above

12. _____ Plant cultivars that are self-sterile

a. can not be grown for horticultural production

b. can produce fruits and seeds if asexually propagated

c. require the presence of a pollenizer

d. none of the above

13. _____ In a multiseeded fruit, like kiwi or strawberry

a. the size of the fruit in indirectly related to the number of seeds

b. the size of the fruit is not affected by the number of seeds

c. the size of the fruit is directly related to the number of seeds

d. the number of seeds is fixed

 

 

14. _____ During the growth of a peach fruit

a. cell divisions and cell expansions occur continually

b. cell division occurs in the beginning, and later fruit growth occurs by cell expansion

c. cells expansion occurs in the beginning, and later fruit growth occurs by cell divisions

d. cell divisions occur only within the seed, and cell expansion only within the parthocarp

15. _____ The growth of fruit tissue is affected by

a. competition for the products of photosynthesis by other tissues

b. competition for the products of photosynthesis by other fruits

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b, as fruit growth is independent of photosynthesis

Name ______________________________

Matching (20 pts) Place in the space provided, the letter of the phrase that most accurately describes the term listed.

1. _____ epidermal cells

2. _____ cuticle

3. _____ petiole

4. _____ sieve element

5. _____ xylem vessel

6. _____ endosperm

7. _____ auxin

8. _____ radicle

9. _____ pericarp

10. _____ cambium

a. an underground bud

b. a leaf stalk

c. structure that filters air entering leaf

d. develops from ovary wall

e. outer layer of cells

f. outer waxy covering on plant tissues

g. a plant hormone

h. outer layer of pollen grain

i. involved in translocating the products of photosynthesis

j. involved in transport of water

k. lateral bud

l. meristematic tissue

m. vascular cylinder in root

n. seed tissue that develops into primary root

o. seed tissue that stores food reserves

 

Name ______________________________

Matching (20 pts) Place in the space provided, the letter of the term that most accurately completes the statement.

A flower is a complex tissue. The flower stalk, or _____, supports the flower. The enlarged terminal portion of this stalk is called the receptacle, and upon this structure, the floral tissues are arranged in whorls. The outer-most whorl is composed of _____. These are leaf-like structures that are collectively known as the _____. The _____ collectively called the _____ are found in the next whorl. In many flowers, this whorl is the most conspicuous and helps to attract pollinating insects. The next whorl contains the _____. These represent the male portion of the flower. Pollen is produced within the _____ and this structure is supported by a filament. The final or central floral whorl contains the female portion of the flower known as the _____. This structure is composed of three main sections. The _____ is the most distal portion, and it is the tissue that receives the pollen. When the pollen germinates, the pollen tube will grow down the _____ to the ovary. The ovary may contain one or more ovules. Once fertilized each ovule can develop into a _____.

a. anther

b. calyx

c. cambium

d. corolla

e. fruit

f. parenchyma

g. peduncle

h. pericarp

i. pericycle

j. petals

k. pistil

l. seed

m. sepals

n. stamens

o. stigma

p. stipules

q. style

r. tracheid

Name ______________________________

Fill in the Blank (5 pts) Fill in the blank with a term or phrase that accurately completes the sentence.

1. A plant that complete its life cycle in a single season is _________________________.

2. A cluster of flowers on a single stalk is called ________________________.

3. Plants that do not flower in response to photoperiod are known as _________________________.

4. Plants that are induced to flower when the length of the dark (night) period exceeds a critical time are called ___________________________.

5. Iodine staining of apple fruits indicates the presence of ________________________.

A. (6 pts) You would like to root cuttings of your favorite mum cultivar, but are not sure what type of rooting media should be used. Name three important properties of a rooting media (soil or soil-less) that will facilitate the successful establishment of a root system.

B. (4 pts) Some plant species are vegetatively propagated because it is more efficient and economical than seed propagation. What are two other important reasons why some horticultural species are asexually propagated?

C. (4 pts) A rhizome is an example of a specialized vegetative structure involved in natural asexual reproduction. Name four other specialized vegetative structures involved in natural asexual reproduction.

D. (6 pts) A group of geranium plants were placed into an air-tight greenhouse during a sunny day. Indicate in the space provided whether the concentrations of the following gases would increase, decrease, or remain the same over time.

____________ oxygen ____________ carbon dioxide ____________ nitrogen

Now consider what would happen if the same plants were moved into the same air-tight greenhouse at night. Indicate in the space provided whether the concentrations of the following gases would increase, decrease , or remain the same over time.

____________ oxygen ____________ carbon dioxide ____________ nitrogen

If you think I am trying to trick you, or you would like to clarify your answer; use the space below. (This is not necessary for full credit!)

E. (6 pts) Pinching is a common horticultural practice. What is "pinching"?

What do horticulturist hope to accomplish by pinching?

By what mechanism does pinching affect plant growth and development?